题目内容
【题目】阅读理解。
Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments. Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology (心理学). Before beginning a study, however, any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method.【1】
◆ Form a hypothesis (假设). It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study.【2】Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.
◆ Plan out a study. Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time, materials, and testing area prepared beforehand. This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research. The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research.【3】Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.
◆ Collect data.【4】If the data collected is not recorded and organized, the entire efforts of the study may be wasted. The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.
◆ Analyze the data. Once all the data has been collected and organized, it must be analyzed. Using previous research or scientific information about the problem, the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.
◆ Publish the information learned. The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study.【5】Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.
A.It is based on scientific facts, not just opinions. |
B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology. |
C.Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps. |
D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information. |
E. The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.
F. To fully understand the study, each part of the experiment must be recorded.
G. Sometimes, however, this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.
【答案】
【1】B
【2】A
【3】G
【4】F
【5】D
【解析】试题分析:
【1】B考查上下文联系。根据下文可知,讲述了如何找出使用心理学的科学方法的步骤,而选项B意为“阅读找出如何使用心理学的科学方法。”正是对文章的总起,符合语境,故选B。
【2】A考查上下文联系。根据前文可知这不仅仅是观点,是建立在事实依据上的观点,而选项A就是这个意思,符合语境,故选A。
【3】G考查上下文联系。根据前后文分析可知,这里是想说明,理想的情况虽然不可能,但是常常被用于研究,而选项G所表达的就是这个意思,故选G。
【4】F考查上下文联系。根据后文分析可知,我们要对试验进行记录,而选项F表达的意思就是要记录试验,符合语境,故选F。
【5】D考查上下文联系。根据前后文分析可知,研究最后要发布研究结果,这样方便别的研究者利用最新信息,而选项D表示这有助于其他心理学家学习和使用新的信息。符合语境,故选D。
【题目】On the day of Chongyang Festival,one traditional activity is to climb mountains.However,mountains are not everywhere for people to climb.Therefore,for those people who live in flat regions far from any mountain,the problem is solved by going for a picnic and eating cakes.The Chinese word for cake is Gao,a homonym of the Chinese word for high.Mountains are high,so eating cakes can,by a stretch of the imagination,take the place of going for a climb.
The tradition of eating cakes in September is originated from the ancient times.Though the name of “Gao” started from the Six Dynasties,the cakes had already existed in Han Dynasty,which was called “Er”.in Chinese at that time.It is made of rice flour,which is classified into two types:paddy(水稻) rice flour and millet(粟米) rice flour.They are mixed together,which is named “Er”.In September,the millet is ripe.It is regarded as the food just in season,which is offered to ancestors as sacrifices.Chongyang Cake comes from the food just in season in September.That is why Chongyang Cake is recommended for offering sacrifices to ancestors on the day of Chongyang Festival.
In the Six Dynasties,cakes became the food for the season as the tradition Chongyang Festival is formed with the promotion of mountainclimbing activity.As the cakes appeared in different forms,Chongyang Cake was also called Hua (Colorful) Cake in the Ming & Qing Dynasties and became the food for the season in urban and rural areas.Hua Cake is divided into Unpolished Hua Cake,Refined Hua Cake and Gold Coin Hua Cake.Unpolished Hua Cake is marked with caraway (香菜) leaves,sandwiched with date,peach kernel (果仁) and other unpolished dry fruits.Refined Hua Cake is made in either two or three layers,with each sandwiched with refined glazed fruits,such as preserved apple,peach and apricot.
Title: 【1】 Cake | |
【2】 | ·taking the place of going for a climb ·being offered as 【3】 |
Eating time | In 【4】 |
Related activities | (1)in mountain areas:climbing mountains (2)in 【5】 areas: ·going for a picnic ·eating 【6】 |
【7】 | (1)Han Dynasty:called 【8】 ·paddy rice flour ·millet rice flour (2) 【9】 Dynasties:called “Gao” ·Unpolished Hua Cake ·【10】 Hua Cake ·Gold Coin Hua Cake |