Question

19．Kong Zi，also called Confucius （551-479 B．C），and Socrates （469-399 B．C） lived only a hundred years apart，and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece，but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas，and how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies．
Neither philosopher lived in times of peace，though there were more wars in Greece than in China．The Chinese states were very large and feudal，while the Greek city-states were small and urban．The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius．Unlike Confucius，Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively．Thus，Socrates was able to be more idealistic，focusing on issues like freedom，and knowledge for its own sake．Confucius，on the other hand，advised those in government service，and many of his students went out to government service．
Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life："Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you．"He assumed that all men were equal at birth，though some had more potential than others，and that it was knowledge that set men apart．Socrates focused on the individual，and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom．He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior（下层的）classes．
For Socrates，the family was of no importance，and the community of little concern．For Confucius，however，the family was the centre of the society，with family relations considered much more important than political relations．
Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes．
32．Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph？C
A．Socrates and Confucius had much in common，
B．Confucius had much influence on Socrates'ideas．
C．The societies were influenced by the philosophers'ideas．
D．There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece．
33．Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that．B
A．all men were equal when they were born
B．the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class
C．the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom
D．people should not ask others to do what they did not want to
34．What made some people different from others according to Confucius？C
A．Family．
B．Potential．
C．Knowledge．
D．Community．
35．This passage is organized in the pattern of，B
A．time and events                       
B．comparison and contrast
C．cause and effect                       
D．definition and classification．

Answer 1

分析 本文介绍了一些哲学家的思想，哲学家思想有时会改变社会．全文主要介绍了两位哲学家，孔子和苏格拉底，两位哲学家的思想并不相同，作者通过对比的方法，充分展示了两位著名哲学家对社会，对人类的看法．

解答 32．C．细节理解题．根据文章"how these ideas in turn，shaped their societies"可知，哲学家的想法会塑造社会．故选C．
33．B．细节理解题．根据文章"He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior classes．"可知，苏格拉底认为上级应该统治下层．故选B．
34．C．细节理解题．根据文章"it was knowledge that set men apart．"可知，孔子认为是知识把人区分开．故选C．
35．B．主旨大意题．本文介绍了一些哲学家的思想，哲学家思想有时会改变社会．全文主要介绍了两位哲学家，孔子和苏格拉底，两位哲学家的思想并不相同，作者通过对比的方法，充分展示了两位著名哲学家对社会，对人类的看法．故选B．

点评 本文是考察学生历史文化类阅读理解文章．这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等．这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上．