Doctors commonly view too much daytime sleepiness as a most important sign of disturbed or inadequate sleep. But a new study suggests it could also signal depression or even diabetes .regardless of wh 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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Doctors commonly view too much daytime sleepiness as a most important sign of disturbed or inadequate sleep. But a new study suggests it could also signal depression or even diabetes (糖尿病) ，regardless of whether an individual doesn't sleep well.

Among a random sample of 16,500 men and women ranging in age from 20 to 100 years old from central Pennsylvania,8. 7 percent had too much daytime sleepiness.

Researchers,who considered a wide range of possible reasons for why these individuals were over sleepy during the daytime,found that too much daytime sleepiness was more strongly associated with depression and obesity (过度肥胖) or metabolic (新陈代谢的) factors than with sleepdisordered breathing or sleep disruption.

Depression was by far the most significant risk factor for too much daytime sleepiness,they report in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. The possibility of being over sleepy during the daytime was more than three times higher in those who reported they were being treated for depression.

T he investigators also observed strong ties between too much daytime sleepiness and diabetes. Individuals reporting treatment for diabetes were close to two times more likely to report too much daytime sleepiness than those who were not being treated for diabetes.

Being overweight also increased the possibility of too much daytime sleepiness.

Too much daytime sleepiness was more common in people younger than age 30 ,a finding that hints at the presence of unmet sleep needs and depression,and in the over-75 crowd,suggesting increasing medical illness and health problems,they explain.

Smoking also appeared as a risk factor for too much daytime sleepiness,a link that hasn't been shown before. It could be that smokers use nicotine which can make people more active for a time to selftreat their daytime sleepiness,the authors suggest.

Sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) was not a significant player in too much daytime sleepiness. This is in agreement with former studies that have reported only weak associations between sleep apnea and too much daytime sleepiness.

The authors conclude that adults bothered by too mtich daytime sleepiness should be thoroughly evaluated for depression and diabetes,regardless of whether or not sleepdisordered breathing is present.

( ) 1. Which of the following is more likely to cause too much daytime sleepiness?

A. Smoking. B. Obesity.

C. Depression. D. Disturbed sleep.

( ) 2. Which of the following statements is right?

A. Smoking can help people selftreat their daytime sleepiness.

B. Too much daytime sleepiness doesn't necessarily result from inadequate sleep.

C. People who suffer from depression are twice more likely to be over sleepy.

D. People under 30 who are over sleepy during the daytime are most likely over?weighted.

( ) 3. We can learn from paragraph eight that .

A. smoking may cause people to become more sleepy

B. many people can selftreat their daytime sleepiness

C. doctors didn't know the side effects of smoking before

D. nicotine can make people more active during the daytime

( ) 4. As a conclusion the writer tells us that if we have too much daytime sleepiness we should .

A. cut down the amount of smoking cigarettes

B. go to some specialist without delay

C. ignore it as it is a very common phenomenon

D. do more exercise to reduce sleepiness

1. C由第4段得知。

2. B从整篇来看，白天过度嗜睡并不一定是由睡眠不足引起的。

3. A由第8段得知。

4. B见文章最后一段，其他选项文中未提及，是自我想象的内容。

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2. She to complain about her troubles.(now)

她时常打电话给我抱怨她所遇到的麻烦。

As much of Arizona enters an 11th year of drought conditions,the state could experience its driest winter season in centuries. And that has officials worrying about agriculture,water supplies and the threat of wildfires.

Arizona's mountains are almost bare,with snowpack conditions worse than they were at the same time in 2002―a year that set records as one of the driest in five centuries.

Rural areas are facing water shortages by early summer if rains don't come.

January and February typically bring much of the snow needed to refill reservoirs (水库) and keep rivers and forests healthy. But a stubborn weather pattern has been leading every storm north of Arizona so far this winter.

The Salt and Verde rivers' watersheds received just 0. 14 of an inch of rain in November and December,and none has fallen in Phoenix since Oct. 18.

"I've never seen anything like this," said Larry Martinez,water supply specialist for the Federal Natural Resources Conservation Service. "It's quite shocking to a lot of folks who depend on the snow. There could still be a miracle turnaround;don't underestimate (过低估计) Mother Nature. But the trend doesn't look good for us right now."

Farmers who draw on smaller rivers and reservoirs could run short this year. The lack of rain will increase the demand for water early in growing seasons,which will further weaken supplies.

Meanwhile,some experts are already predicting one of the worst wildfire seasons in years around Arizona with a fatal combination of drying trees and driedout grass.

The State Department of Water Resources had begun meeting with local leaders under a drought plan produced two years ago by a governor's task force.

The main effect of the dry winter in the Phoenix metropolitan (大都市的) area is an increase in water consumption,say city water departments. Mesa increased its use of Central Arizona Project water by 17% in November and 26% in December.

Whether cities will be forced to dip into other store depends on the weather for the next two or three months. Forecasters are predicting warm,dry conditions.

( ) 5. Where can you probably find this kind of article?

A. In a text book.

B. In a traveling guide.

C. In a newspaper.

D. In a magazine for entertainment.

( ) 6. The driest winter season in the rural area may result in .

A. the precious animal's dying out

B. the pollution of the farmland

C. the water shortage in the coming seasons

D. the laziness of the farmer

( ) 7. According to the passage,which of the following statements can be learned?

A. 2002 was the driest year with snowpack condition,which made a record in the history.

B. The first two months of a year usually bring much of the water needed to keep rivers and forests healthy.

C. Farmers,although depending on the snow,are not worry about the water shortage at all.

D. The lack of rain will just have some effect on the winter season,when farmers are growing.

( ) 8. It can be learnt from the passage that .

A. the local governor will make a plan to deal with the drought soon

B. the driest winter season just has an effect on the rural area

C. Arizona State could have its driest winter season in centuries

D. warm,dry conditions would be the best in this area

The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center's exhibition "The American Twenties" explores the decade's great cultural and social changes,including ambiguities (模梭两可) ， contradictions (自相矛盾) ，contrasts and conflicts as well as the many ideas that were born or started to have results in the1920s.

Featuring more than400 items,the exhibition presents the achievements and events that characterized the period. The exhibition runs from Jan. 30 to July 29at the Ransom Center at The University of Texas at Austin.

With the opening of this exhibition,the Center begins its celebration of its 50th anniversary year." The American Twenties" is the first of one of many exhibitions and programs planned in a year contributing to" Celebrating the Imagination."

"This exhibition is an exploration of the1920s through the literature and art that was to become typically American and typically modern."

The United States came out from World War I with wealth and power and an urge to remake itself. In the decade's struggle to define the future of America,a large number of issues were argued and fought out in poetry,novels,political tracts (小册子) ，music and the movies. The exhibition takes a deeper look at many of the most important events and ideas that shaped the period.

As these fundamental issues came to the surface,the idea of the "modern" became clear and the" American" century born.

"The exhibition offers visitors a unique opportunity to witness the emergence of a distinctly modern American culture," Phillips said.

"The American Twenties" can be seen at the Ransom Center Galleries on Tuesdays through Fridays from10 a.m. to5 p.m., with extended Thursday hours until7 p.m.. On Saturdays and Sundays the galleries are open from noon to5 p.m.. The galleries are closed on Mondays.

( ) 1. The purpose of writing this passage is to introduce .

A. American history in1920s

B. an exhibition called The American Twenties

C. the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center

D. celebrations of the 50th anniversary year of the center

( ) 2. 1920s became a distinctive period of time in American history for the following reasons EXCEPT that .

A. America modern culture was shaped

B. America had just experienced World War I

C. America accumulated great wealth during this period of time

D. a lot of literature and art works at that time reflected the struggling time

( ) 3. If you are a teacher,you can go to the exhibition .

A. on the afternoon of Monday

B. on a morning during the weekends

C. after a whole day's work on Wednesday

D. on a Tuesday during your summer vacation

( ) 4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The exhibition only displays works in literature and arts.

B. The exhibition will last seven months only closed on Mondays.

C. During the early1920s,the Americans were in a state of confusion.

D. There was such kind of exhibition as The American Twenties before.

Recently people have been witnessing the popularity of Korean serials in China. Many Korean serials have been showed on CCTV-8 even CCTV-1,let alone other local channels. And it is hard to get through a day without some talk about Korean serials. They enjoy high watching rate and have profound influences on people.

My grandmother used to be strongly against watching TV,and insisted that TV did little good to people,especially the youth. But from unknown time,grandmother became interested in watching TV,and now and then,she would talk about the actors and plot with me. Frequently,she would be seated in front of the TV waiting for her favorite Korean serials. This summer I also felt deeply about the popularity of Korean serials,thereafter,I asked why. Basically,they are the visual effects,the plot,and the music that contribute to the phenomenon.

First of all,Korean serials are eyecatching. They usually have handsome actors and beautiful actresses. Zhang Dong Jian's gentlemanship and An Zai Xu's fascinating eyesight catch thousands of young females' hearts,while young males greatly appreciate Song Hui Qiao's elegance and Jin Xi Shan's beauty. Regardless of their skills and other factors like the plot,the actors function effectively in keeping a watching record.

In addition,they get marvelous pictures,from which we enjoy changeable seasons and places of interest in Korea. Blue sky and white cloud signify (represent) good state of mind of the characters,and drizzling weather and red umbrella intensify romantic impression. So watching them is just like enjoying free trips.

Then comes to the plot of Korean serials,which can attract people of various ages. Most Korean serials have supporting characters who behave like either Cinderella's sisters or BaoYu's father,so the main characters,as a result,would have to suffer and experience a lot before their final weddings. Some people argue that the story between the main characters maybe too romantic to believe,however,these people seem to neglect to take into account that their love is what most young people are actually longing for. So,serials of this kind are young people's favorite.

Quite a number of our serials fail to consider many factors other than love,and the case in point is Qiong Yao's work,in which love seems to be the only thing in life. However,Korean serials take friendship and family relationship as well into the plot,and these are the very things that attract people in both middle and old ages,as they make the serials humorous,reliable,and close to ordinary audience.

Still,another point is about music. Though young people today are crazy about Jazz or Rap music as they express ideas of the youth,Korean music may be not inferior to them. In this Hip-Hop world,smooth and lyric Korean music is like spring breathes,it calms young people down and warms people's hearts. Even if people know little about the words,just to enjoy the music is not a bad thing.

( ) 5. The writer took his grandmother as an example to show that .

A. she was free from her housework nowadays

B. the influence of the Korean serials was overflowing

C. the children have grown up and films won't do them bad

D. she can enjoy the smooth and lyric Korean music instead of Jazz or Rap

( ) 6. The writer seems to believe that our serials such as Qiong Yao's work fail to reach the same popularity as Korean serials mainly because .

A. our music is inferior to theirs

B. our actors are not so eyecatching

C. the pictures in Korean serials are more breath taking

D. the plot of Korean serials attracts people of various ages

( ) 7. What is mainly discussed in this passage?

A. The romantic factor of the Korean Serials.

B. The effective use of the language in the film.

C. The popularity of Korean Serials in China.

D. The cultural impact of the Korean Serials.

( ) 8. From this passage we can conclude that the writer's attitude towards the Korean Serials is .

A. affirmative B. negative

C. neutral D. indifferent

Jeff turned and headed back to his office. "Come on," he said to himself, "stop thinking like this. You should feel happy. " He walked into his 1 and got on the elevator. "48 floor！”he said,louder than 2 . A young man stood next to the elevator operator. He was carrying a bag in one hand; in the other hand,he held a cold 3 cigarette. He rolled it between his 4 .

The lights in the elevator lit up the numbers of the floors as they passed. 28,29 ... From the 5 of his eye,Jeff watched the young man with the bag. He saw him tried to 6 the cold cigarette into his coat pocket. But he missed,the cigarette 7 . At the same moment,the elevator reached the young man's 8 . The doors slid open. The young man stepped out and the doors closed 9 him. The elevator began climbing again. 38,39, 40 ... Jeff looked at the cigarette which had 10 to one side of the elevator car. He moved toward it. 43,44 ... The knot in his stomach began to ease. He felt a little beam of 11 go through him. "Yes," Jeff thought to himself, "it might take a while to forget these last four years."He could not expect to wash away all those 12 in one morning. In a week or two,they would all be gone from his 13 The depression would be like a bad dream he would forget in time. He and Martha would buy new furniture;they would go to restaurants again and 14 holiday trips. He continued to look at the cigarette. 46,47 ... As the elevator came to a stop at the 48th floor,he suddenly 15 down and picked up the halfsmoked cigarette. Then he turned his head quickly to the elevator operator. The man was looking at him 16 . Jeff felt as if the bottom of his 17 had fallen out. "Here is your floor,Mister," the operator said. Jeff stood up slowly. His face felt hot with 18 . His hand close tightly around the cigarette,19 it. He wanted to tell the operator that he never did that sort of thing. He wanted the man to 20 he did not need to smoke cigarette someone else had thrown away. After all,he had his job back.

( ) 1. A. building B. office C. house D. apartment

( ) 2. A. usual B. necessary C. possible D. average

( ) 3. A. smoky B. lighted C. smelly D. halfsmoked

( ) 4. A. fingers B. hands C. teeth D. lips

( ) 5. A. level B. side C. angle D. corner

( ) 6. A. pack B. throw C. drop D. roll

( ) 7. A. slipped out B. fell down C. dropped on D. died down

( ) 8. A. office B. ground C. stair D. floor

( ) 9. A. before B. behind C. after D. for

( ) 10. A. moved B. rushed C. rolled D. slid

( ) 11. A. anxiety B. excitement C. nervousness D. upset

( ) 12. A. people B. memories C. sufferings D. things

( ) 13. A. stomach B. heart C. mind D. view

( ) 14. A. take B. cancel C. demand D. resist

( ) 15. A. got B. went C. bent D. fell

( ) 16. A. curiously B. closely C. excitingly D. delightedly

( ) 17. A. throat B. stomach C. tongue D. heart

( ) 18. A. shame B. joy C. anger D. excitement

( ) 19. A. crushing B. pressing C. tapping D. rolling

( ) 20. A. admit B. trust C. know D. recognize

To prove that all time has value,a manager at a large corporation in the Northeast asked everyone who attended a meeting to " punch in"(打卡) .At the end of the meeting he calculated the total price of the meeting in manhours and changed these into dollars by prorating (按比例分配) each staffer's salary. Indeed,for each $10,000 you make annually,a single hour is worth $5. That's why the most successful people are those who've mastered the timesaving strategies described here. Stay Focused All top performers establish priorities (优先做的事) .Helen Gurley Brown,editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan,always keeps an issue of the magazine on her desk. Whenever she attempts to do something that doesn't contribute to the magazine's success,she glances at that issue,and it gets her back on track.

One way to order your priorities is to create a "to do" list. Every evening,write down the top 20 tasks to be done the next day,and review the list several times throughout the day. The best way to accomplish what's on the list is to give each task a specific time limit. Pattern of Success Most people who want to get ahead spend useful time writing personal notes of gratitude,sympathy and congratulations. But when it comes to routine memos (备忘录) ，letters,fact sheets and forms,they save a lot of time by relying on previously written material.

Susan Taylor,editor-in-chief of Essence,has created some 40 form letters for everything. Stored on her computer,the letters can be called up,copied and customized by changing a few key words. Taylor then often adds a handwritten greeting at the bottom as a personal touch. Telephone Tips Financier J. B. Fuqua has made a fortune putting deals together over the telephone. His most important strategy is to make notes before he places a call.

To avoid playing telephone tag,return phone calls right away,because you're likely to catch the caller and your messages won't pile up. Leaving a detailed message on someone's voice mail prevents you from getting tied up in long conversations and will get you an answer more quickly. Do It Now Suzanne Caygill was a designer. To deal with all the demands of her schedule,she followed a rule; If she had a job to do,she did it immediately. Too many people waste time "commencing to proceed to get started, " Caygill would say.

( ) 1. The manager asked everyone who attended the meeting to punch in to .

A. find out who was absent

B. find out who was late

C. calculate how many people present

D. calculate how much an hour was

( ) 2. Helen Gurley Brown keeps an issue of the magazine on her desk in order to

A. remind herself to be concentrated

B. consult it when it is necessary

C. relax herself during the coffee time

D. show her pride to the visitors

( ) 3. Which is the best title of the passage?

A. Hurry Up

B. No Wasted Time

C. Take Charge of Your Day

D. Wasting Time Is Wasting Your Life

( ) 4. In order to save time you can .

A. refuse to return phone calls

B. start to do a thing without hesitation

C. put down all the things you want to do

D. store everything in your computer

Fear can be fun. Many young people queue up to ride very fast and scary roller coasters,screaming but enjoying themselves. Other people like to read " goose bumps" books or watch horror movies at night,scared to death but feeling excited. Why do people like being scared? Fear is an ancient way of surviving. Being scared makes animals(including humans) flee from danger and save themselves. Scary movies It is because of fear that we have lived through millions of years of evolution. Those who lacked a strong fear response were more likely to be killed,leaving the more timid and careful to pass their genes onto the next generation.

How do scientists explain why shivering over such scary things is fun?

"Some kids will go to a scary movie and love it and laugh over it,others will feel anxious and hide their faces and some won't even set foot in the cinema," said Ned Kalin,a US scientist. "Which kind of person you are depends partly on experiences you've had and partly on your genes."

What happens in the brain when something frightens you?

Nerves that begin at the eyes and ears lead to a part of the brain called the amygdala. When you suddenly see a snake,for example,the amygdala makes you freeze,perspire (流汗，出汗) ，have a quickened heartbeat,or run very fast.

However,seeing the snake also uses another part of the brain,the cortex (皮层) .It analyzes the situation,and if it finds that the snake is only made of rubber,it tells your heart and the rest of your body to calm down. Think of the amygdala as the engine and the cortex as the brake.

Back to the first question：Why do some people like to make themselves scared? Feeling of power

"One reason is that we can play games with fear,find ways to reduce the scariness by looking away or thinking of something else," Kalin said. "To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power. Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing. Thrills such as roller coaster rides also go to the brain's pleasure center."

And there might be some evolutionary advantage to being able to adjust this system that is there to protect people.

( ) 6. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why many horror films are very popular in the world.

B. Why most people like the feeling of being scared.

C. How to play games with fear.

D. How to relax your brains.

( ) 7. Which of the following is NOT the writer's opinion about Fear?

A. Fear is a very useful way in the evolution of human beings.

B. Your genes will partly decide your reaction to being scared.

C. Some fear experiences can help young people in real world.

D. Being scared can give us a feeling of power.

( ) 8. Which of the following can best explain the underlined phrase "the amygdala as the engine and the cortex as the brake"？

A. In some special situation,amygdala can make you nervous while cortex can make you calm down.

B. The amygdala can make you run fast while cortex can make you stop at once.

C. With amygdala and the cortex,you can drive a car very well.

D. Amygdala can make you think quickly and cortex can let you stop thinking.

California pet lover has founded an internet radio station designed to ease the lives of lonely dogs and cats around the world.

Styled as " the radio station all pets prefer"，DogCatRadio.com goes out live 17 hours each day from a van in the car park of a Los Angeles recording studio.

DJs speak to pets directly,and ask " pet parents" to send in pictures.

Founder Adrian Martinez,34 ，says the station aims to keep pets company while their "parents" head out to work.

DogCatRadio's daily play list ranges from the soothing (抚慰) sounds of Irish singer Enya to Elvis Presley's classic anthem (圣歌) ，Hound Dog.

In between tracks,Mr. Martinez and his fellow DJs offer practical advice to pet owners,plus a liberal sprinkling (小雨) of the station's signature sound―barks and miaows.

Mr. Martinez,an independent record producer,hopes that many of his audience will be listening in while at home alone,albeit (虽然，尽管) with a little help from their human friends.

"My cat,Snickers,asked me to do it," Mr. Martinez told the New York Times. Faced with a nervous,restless cat at home one day,Mr. Martinez discovered that Snickers calmed down almost as soon as he turned up the background music a little. "I wanted to do something for the pet community," he said.

The station,which claims8,000 listeners each week through its website,currently makes no money.

But the US pet industry is worth an estimated $35 bn (£ 19. 7bn) annually,and Mr. Martinez eventually hopes to attract advertising.

( ) 5. The radio station was founded in order to .

A. help the owners of the pets

B. ask people to love the animals

C. comfort the lonely dogs and cats in America

D. be the pets' company when they are left alone at home

( ) 6. The underlined word "miaows" means .

A. the music from the radio

B. the sounds made by cat

C. the voice of the DJs at the station

D. the Elvis Presley's classic anthem,Hound Dog

( ) 7. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Mr. Martinez loved his cat so much that he decided to set up a radio station for it.

B. The radio station is located in a recording studio.

C. Mr. Martinez happened to find that background music can calm down the cat.

D. It is hard for people to understand the programmes of the station.

( ) 8. What can you infer from the passage?

A. Most of the audience are the "parents" of the pets.

B. If you want to pick up the programme,you just need a radio.

C. The market of the pet service in the US is large.

D. The DJs can communicate with the pets directly.

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