题目内容
10.We typically associate the word"science"with a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory.Ideally,experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case.The are at least three reasons for this.1.Human scientists are often trying to make sense of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.
2.The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.
3.There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on the people who participate in them.
Faced with the above difficulties,what are human scientists to do?One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions.We can,for example,learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffered brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins,who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families.In the case of economics,economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled-experimental data.
However,human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise.They also think of some experiments of their own.Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world.We cannot,of course,ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak.So it might seem that all we can do is guess.People usually won't change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones.This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind.There was now a way of testing babies'expectations and getting some idea of how they are six months old,babies can already do the following things:figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.
60.What is true about the natural sciences and the human sciences according to this passage?C
A.Both human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.
B.Experiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.
C.Both human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.
D.It's not moral to conduct human science experiments.
61.What do we know about human scientists from this passage?D
A.They are white coat scientists.
B.They have more experimental sources than natural scientists.
C.They conduct experiments passively.
D.They face more difficulties in carrying out their research.
62.Which of the following experiments belongs to human science experiment?C
A.Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make.for a fun and easy science experiment.Try creating a vinegar volcano.
B. Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test with this simple experiment that shows the importance of your sense of smell.
C.Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm your lung volume by completing this experiment.
D.Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to make your own rainbow with this cool experiment that will teach kids how rainbows work while they enjoy a fun activity
63.What does the author tell us in this passage?C
A.ABCs about the science experiment.
B.Some knowledge of science.
C.Some differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.
D.The similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.
分析 本文是一篇科教类阅读,主要说明了为什么试验在人类科学中所起的作用不如在自然科学中起到的作用的三个主要原因.
解答 60-63.CDCC
60题答案:C考查细节推理,根据原文第一段Ideally,experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences.理想中的是试验在人类科学与自然科学中所起的作用是一样大的.可知本题答案为C选项.
61题答案:D考查细节推理,因为人类科学试验所起的作用不如自然科学实验所起的作用大,因此我们可以推断出人类科学家在实施研究时遇到更多的困难(文章给出的三个原因其实也是说明这一事实);故本题答案为D选项.
62题答案:C考查细节推理,首先根据常识可知A选项的"醋火山"和D选项的"制作彩虹"属于自然实验,故A、D选项先排除;B是说通过一个对比测试,使人们认识到嗅觉的重要性.这属于科普实验,让我们通过实验学习一些知识.C是说通过实验可以测定肺的容量等属性参数.这使我们取得了新的人体实验数据和结果.
与B相比,C明显属于"人的科学实验(human science experiment)".综上,本题答案为C选项.
63题答案:C考查主旨大意,文章主要讲了人类科学与自然科学的不同之处及人类如何通过各种各样的方法来做实验.
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.
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