People do not analyze(分析) every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking. They try to find a solution by trial and error. However , when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in solving a problem.

First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.

Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find out the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears(齿轮) ,the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decides that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gearwheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.

Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum between the gearwheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

1.What is the best title for this passage?

A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle

B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving

C. Necessities of Problem Analysis

D. Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem

2.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except __________.

A. recognize and define the problem

B. look for information to make the problem clearer

C. have suggestions for a possible solution

D. find a solution by trial or mistake

3.By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to _________.

A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

B. discuss the problems of his bicycle

C. tell us how to solve a problem

D. show us how to analyze a problem

4.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. People do not analyze the problem they meet.

B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.

C. People may learn from their past experience.

D. People can not solve some problems they meet.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中,选出可以填入的空白处的最佳选项。

One sunny afternoon,a seven?year?old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods she realised that she was lost.

Sitting on a rock and what to do,she began crying. After a while,she to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. it was getting dark,she saw a small,dark wooden house. She opened the door and stepped in. Suddenly,she heard a strange noise,and she ran out the door and back to the Cold and tired,she fell asleep near a .

The girl’s parents were out and her dog,Laddy,was at home. Laddy that his mistress(女主人) was in danger. He jumped a window,breaking the glass. He looked in the fields,but he couldn’t find his mistress anywhere. However,from the ground came a scent(气味) as he lowered his head. He the scent and walked across the grassland. Barking into the air,the dog through the woods until he found the .But the girl was not there,so he headed back to the woods. Much to his ,he saw his mistress’s blue shirt in the distance. He over some bushes and saw the little stream,where the girl was .

When she opened her eyes and her dog standing beside her,the girl said,“you me,Laddy,” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back,the parents burst into tears of .That night Laddy had a hero’s supper:a huge meal of steak.

1.A. before B. since C. while D. as

2.A. wondering B. forgetting C. remembering D. regretting

3.A. preferred B. expected C. failed D. decided

4.A. When B. Until C. If D. Because

5.A. carelessly B. cautiously C. hopelessly D. unwillingly

6.A. trees B. bushes C. woods D. grasses

7.A. stream B. rock C. tree D. house

8.A. found B. sensed C. heard D. smelt

9.A. at B. through C. in D. onto

10.A. terrible B. strange C. pleasant D. familiar

11.A. missed B. discovered C. followed D. ignored

12.A. calmly B. loudly C. merrily D. gently

13.A. searched B. wandered C. looked D. travelled

14.A. window B. girl C. house D. hero

15.A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. embarrassment D. delight

16.A. jumped B. climbed C. walked D. flew

17.A. awake B. abandoned C. available D. asleep

18.A. spotted B. watched C. observed D. saw

19.A. disturbed B. comforted C. rescued D. scared

20.A. pain B. shock C. sorrow D. relief

Researchers are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans.Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people's depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction.“No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated(刺激),” Edwards points out.“The problem is how we promote that, especially for those without friends or help.A robotic dog could be a solution.”

In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone.Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks.These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activities before and after AIBO.Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.

“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady.“When I'm watching TV, he'll stay in my arms until he wants down.He has a mind of his own.”

The AIBOs respond to certain orders.The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people.Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it.A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.

“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog because it was metal and not furry,” Beck says.“But it's amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”

“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more valuable health helper.They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms.AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people's minds.”

1.The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to______.

A. understand human-animal relationship

B. find the causes of old people’s loneliness

C. make lonely old people’s life better

D. promote the animal-assisted research

2.In the research, the old people are asked to______.

A. note the activities of AIBOs

B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

C. analyze the collected information

D. record their feelings and activities

3.What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

A. It can watch TV with its owner

B. It can help the disabled people

C. It responds to all the human orders

D. It is easier to keep at home

4.The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may______.

A. keep old people active

B. cure certain diseases

C. change people's beliefs

D. look more like real dogs

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