There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine. Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the h 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment. There were few people on the earth, and natural resources（资源） seemed to be    26 .
Today things are 27 , the world has become too   28  . We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are 29 our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth will not   30 .
Everyone 31 today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing 32  , more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, 33 will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we 34 to use bigger and more powerful machines to 35 more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. ___36,   in most countries wastes are 37  put into rivers or into the sea, and there are 38  laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the   39 of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough food. What can we do to 40 these problems ?
If we eat more vegetables and less   41 , there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops   42 five times more people than land where animals are kept. Our natural resources will 43 longer if we learn to recycle them. The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth 44   .
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner     45  in the future.

What kind of sports impressed you most during your childhood? Maybe racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours would bring you pleasure. At that time you weren’t thinking of fitness, you were just thinking of entertainment. But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships, the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten. I think rediscovering it probably will give you a total-body exercise.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive —not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun as long as you find a proper way to practise it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce(跳) over and over again, players good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double –bounce , a skip, a knee-up, side swings , as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping .
Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning . It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres（半球）to perform equallyto each other . In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space , yet leading to a much healthier life.
小题1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that .

A．people would rather have exercise in a gym than do sports outside

B．there seems to be too much advanced equipment for people to use

C．racing around the playground was regarded as children’s favorite sport

D．jumping rope has escaped from people’s memories in modern society

小题2:One reason that can explain why rope jumping has not spread widely is that_____.

A．it benefits the cardiovascular system

B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump

C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive

D．it requires little equipment, time and space

小题3:The first sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that in rope jumping .

A．there is only one proper way to follow

B．the usual way should not be used again

C．the easiest way is always the best one

D．there are different kinds of ways to follow

小题4:According to the researchers , jumping rope .

A．only prepares the brain for learning

B．is suitable for students only

C．helps both brain hemispheres work together

D．can be dangerous for old people

小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping ?

A．He strongly argues against it.

B．He is in favour of it.

C．He is sitting on the fence of it .

D．He knows little about it .

When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn't understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laughs turned into crying.
So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing are controlled by the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so does crying.
Whatever helps us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to work well. One study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.
Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendlier and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don't even know we're very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying---holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering---can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can 1ead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illness. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural, healthy and emotional response.
小题1:Why didn't the author cry when her grandmother died?

A．Because her father did not want her to feel too sad.

B．Because she did not love her grandmother.

C．Because she was too shy to cry at that time.

D．The author doesn't give the explanation.

小题2:It can be inferred from the text that _______________________.

A．there are two ways to keep healthy

B．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health

C．crying and laughing play the same roles

D．crying does more good to health than laughing

小题3:According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

A．Crying is the best way to get help from others.

B．Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.

C．We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

D．We must cry if we want to reduce pressure

小题4:What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A．Why We Cry	B．How to Keep Healthy
C．Power of Tears	D．New Scientific Discovery

小题5:What is the author's attitude to "crying"?

How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else )．Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.
“Go for nutrient－dense foods，”she suggests，“foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example，select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food，rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink，which contains only a small percentage of real juice—the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can't compare the value of these foods, the nutrient－dense ones are so superior，”she emphasizes.
Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life，it's the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only almost impossible to keep up the strength，they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren't supplied in enough amounts or balance.
According to Morrissey，trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses，or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.“ As women，many of us are too concerned with staying thin，”she says，and “we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.”
“We need carbohydrates，protein and fat－they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match，the spark，for the fuel，”she explains.“ We need them all，but in a very different proportions（部分）. And if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless.”
小题1:From the first paragraph we know that working women________.

A．think cooking is especially complicated

B．do not share the same views with registered dietitians

C．are busy and not interested in cooking

D．are likely to eat healthfully

小题2:Orange juice is different from orange drink because________.

A．it contains only a small percentage of real juice

B．it is natural，nutritious and prepared from real oranges

C．it is largely orange－colored sugar water

D．it produces nothing but calories

小题3:In Paragraph 4，“a fruitless search” means “____”．

A．an effort with no results

B．a search for a diet without fruits

C．a research on fruitless diet

D．a diet serving as medicine

小题4:Many women take it for granted，according to the passage that________.

A．a balanced diet can result in being fat

B．staying thin and healthy are both possible

C．lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin

D．vitamins are some kind of substitutions（代替物）for food

小题5:By saying “if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless”，the author means “________”．

A．carbohydrates，protein and fat are enough to support a human life

B．vitamins and minerals are almost of no value

C．carbohydrates，protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals

D．without carbohydrates，protein and fat，vitamins and minerals are of no use

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
小题1:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A．People and things around you.	B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices.	D．Victims and their sufferings.

小题2:According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.

A．seem willing to experience failures in life

B．possess the ability to predict future life

C．handle ups and downs of life wisely

D．have potential to create something new

小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

C．Victims can influence more people than creators.

D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

小题4:The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.

A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.

B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.

C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.

D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.

小题5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To define victims and creators.

B．To evaluate victims against creators.

C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

A．Temperature change.

B．NIR light.

C．Acidity change.

D．UV light.

小题2:Why is ONB unsatisfactory?

A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

C．It has not come onto the market up till now.

D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

小题3:Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

Healthy Diet“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water ever day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fibre, without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important?
The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. However, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive.
Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems stars as a result of dehydration—a lack(缺少) of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don’t know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stages of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.
These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water.
There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to seeing the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often.
小题1:We need _____for a healthy diet.

A．fibre

B．food

C．water

D．Water and different foods

小题2:From the text, we know water can carry_________.

A．energy and fibre in our bodies

B．fruit, vegetables and fish in our bodies

C．sugar and fat out of our bodies

D．poisons and waste out of our bodies

小题3:Some doctors think that________.

A．people eat too much sugar

B．water is not important for our health

C．we should go to the doctor less often

D．some health problems are caused by a lack of water

小题4: Lack of water caused people to put on weight too much because_______.

A．they think they are hungry and eat too much

B．they think they are thirsty and eat less

C．water has no calories

D．it makes them hungry

More and more scientific experiments prove that physical exercise can reduce the dangers of some illnesses in middle-aged persons．Exercise strengthens the heart muscle，reduces blood pressure and help to prevent muscles from changing into fat．Physical exercise is just as important for children．
Exercise and food affect growing speed in young lab animals．Baby mice start running as soon as they are big enough to use an exercise wheel in their cage．If they get extra food and run a lot，they will grow as much as 1.5 times bigger than normal．
The same differences in growing speed might be found between active and inactive children．Physical exercise helps active children grow faster than inactive children．One experiment shows that the brains of the mice that had enough exercise weighed about 3％more than those of the mice that did not exercise The mice that exercised are much quicker to learn doing new exercise than the mice that did not exercise．
The results of the experiments suppose the theory that exercise can help babies learn to talk and walk sooner than expected．
The good effects of physical exercise are not limited to children and middle-aged people．Exercise continues to be an important part of our lives after we grow old．For example，people over 50 years old begin to lose calcium(钙) from their bones，which get weaker and can break easily．Physical exercise，however，helps to strengthen the bones and to prevent them from losing calcium．Of course，old people can take medicines to prevent themselves from suffering from losing calcium．But the medicines they take increase the chance of developing some kind of cancer(癌)．So physical exercise is a much safer treatment(治疗)．
小题1:From the passage we know that .

A．mice need to eat more and exercise more

B．children need more exercise than other people

C．old people like to take medicine to treat their illnesses

D．middle-aged people are easy to get fat

小题2:Active children than inactive children．

A．enjoy walking more

B．are cleverer and healthier

C．are stronger but more foolish

D．are cleverer but weaker

小题3:Why are the bones of old people easy to break according to the passage?

A．Because they are easy to become ill．

B．Because they eat less than other people．

C．Because they have less exercise than other people．

D．there is less calcium in their bones than in those of other people．

小题4:The passage tells people that .

A．only middle-aged persons can benefit from physical exercise

B．physical exercise can do good to both the middle-aged and children

C．people of different ages can all benefit from physical exercise

D．physical exercise is the safest treatment for losing calcium

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