题目内容

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
小题1:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．People and things around you. B．Opportunities and problems.
C．Creators and their choices.D．Victims and their sufferings.
小题2:According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A．seem willing to experience failures in life
B．possess the ability to predict future life
C．handle ups and downs of life wisely
D．have potential to create something new
小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C．Victims can influence more people than creators.
D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
小题4:The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
小题5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To define victims and creators.
B．To evaluate victims against creators.
C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D
本文所讲的大体意思：“a victim”和“a creator”拥有不同的生活方式。“a victim”生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而“a creator”生活在积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议从“a victim”转变成为“a creator”。
小题1:代词指代。B选项的problems是后文提到的，不是答案。C也是后文提到的，首段第二句话说的并不是创造者而是受害者。D选项的内容与划线的句子构成重复，语义不对。故选A项。
小题2:细节理解。定位第二段，阅读第二段得知创造者能处理好生活中面对的事情或者根据本段第二句话。ACD是文章根本没有提及的内容。
小题3:推理判断。定位第三段“Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”，本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出答案。创造者和受害者都是生活的
决定者。
小题4:推理判断。根据第四段“One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime.”可以
小题5:主旨大意。叠加各段的主题句得知，本文谈及的主旨是创造者的好处和受害者的坏处以及我们每个人能成为创造者和受害者，作者的目的是建议转化为创造者。
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Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直,诚实）,” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer（缓冲） that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".
For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.
The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds.
"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life,
小题1:How can a 15-minute writing exercise ofimportant values affect people?
A．They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.
B．They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.
C．They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.
D．They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.
小题2:What were the females required to do in the study?
A．Only the control group was given a list ofimportant values.
B．Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.
C．Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.
D．The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.
小题3:Which of the following persons may lose weight according to the new study?
A．Mary who wrote about her own adventure.
B．Catherine who described her illness in her writing.
C．Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.
D．Alice who complained her boss in her diary.
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Writing Benefits Women a Lot
B．Losing Weight Is Very Simple
C．Writing Contributes to Losing Weight
D．Women Values Losing Weight
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
小题1:According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our ________.
A．self-respect B．financial rewards
C．advertising ability D．friendly relationship
小题2:The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in Para.5) means ________.
A．telling the truth to the clerk
B．offering advice to the clerk
C．asking the clerk to be more responsible
D．reminding the clerk of the charged item
小题3:How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A．We'll be very excited.
B．We'll feel unfortunate.
C．We'll have a sense of honor.
D．We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．How to Live Truthfully
B．Importance of Peacefulness
C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D．Happiness through Honorable Actions
Depression(抑郁症)is a serious problem today．Depression causes workers to be unproductive，causing companies and countries to lose billions of dollars．One expert says that depression is like cancer because it is “widespread，costly and deadly”．Depression hits one person in five around the world．
Although people have believed depression to be a problem among the rich and educated，studies show that depression is a problem among everyone。Over any six-month period，between five to seven percent of the world's population will be suffering from a serious depression．
suicide(自杀)rates among people suffering from the disease in its extreme，or clinical form were 80 percent higher than in the population at large，and sufferers were four times more likely to have heart attacks. People who suffer from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively．
Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes(基因)，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate-making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently．
Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese's inability to face it．Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy．  Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available．
“Most patients in China just don't get help，”a Chinese doctor says．“In my hospital．I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say “Hello how do you feel？”
In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that their boss would fire them．
“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it. Because they feel the most secure about themselves，”an American doctor says．
Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment．
小题1:Which of the following is true according to the passage？
A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression．
B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work
C．Depression is a commonly-existing problem only in rich countries．
D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression．
小题2:Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be▁▁▁．
A．very unconfident and often absent-minded
B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks
C．working efficiently and productively
D．either weak or lazy
小题3:Depression becomes more serious in China because of．
A．the understanding of the problem
B．the lack of treatment and doctors
C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss
D．the doctors' careless work
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists．
B．The aging bosses around the world dare to say they are depressed．
C．More and more patients will turn to specialists for help．
D．Western people are braver than Chinese people．
There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG?  
A．Laughter is good for health.
B．Laughter can make you become old quickly.
C．Laughter helps to reduce pain.
D．Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our body.
小题2:The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “         ”.  
A．delaysB．preventsC．increasesD．reduces
小题3:Why do doctors hold laughter clinics? 
A．Because they want to earn more money.
B．Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses.
C．Because they want to improve their patients’ health.
D．Because they want their patients to laugh more.
小题4:According to the author, we should __________ in our life. 
A．laugh as much as possible
B．watch more funny films
C．smile all the time
D．spend time in the laughter clinics
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage?  
A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health.
B．Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition.
C．Laughter can reduce the effect of pain.
D．Laughter is the best medicine.

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage．Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr．Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain．
Dr．White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10 ℃, Dr．White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them．
小题1:The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that____ ．
A．the time is too short for doctors
B．the patients are often too nervous
C．the damage is extremely hard to fix
D．the blood-cooling machine might break down
小题2:The brain operation was made possible mainly by____ ．
A．taking the blood out of the brain
B．trying the operation on monkeys first
C．having the blood go through a machine
D．lowering the brain’s temperature
小题3:With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain____ ．
A．can last as long as 30 minutes
B．can keep the brain’s blood warm
C．can keep the patient’s brain healthy
D．can help monkeys do different jobs
小题4:What is the right order of the steps in the operation?
a．send the cooled blood back to the brain 　　b．stop the blood to the brain
c．have the blood cooled down 　　         d．operate on the brain
A．a,b,c,dB．c,a,b,dC．c,b,d,aD．b,c,d,a

Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children’s education, according to new research.
Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University’s school of education, says that “enforced（强制的）silence” is seen as a punishment and often acts to suppress children’s natural ability. But she says that teaching children about the benefits of “enforced silence”,--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils’ concentration and behavior.
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils’ academic ability.
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children’s exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃ to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（杂乱的东西）on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.
Dr. Lees said, “When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person’s life and an individual’s education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit.”
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of “reflective silence” into the timetable.
Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute’s silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.
小题1:According to Dr. Helen Lees, “enforced silence” ＿＿
A．is an effective way of punishment
B．does not make much sense in class
C．can improve pupils’ confidence
D．makes pupils more creative
小题2:The underlined word, “suppress”, in the second paragraph probably means “_________”.
A．preventB．improveC．applyD．reveal
小题3:What can be inferred from the research on school settings?
A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms.
B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils.
C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate.
D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures.
小题4: What would be the best title for the text?
A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies
B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C．Using enforced silence is effective punishment
D．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance
After moving to the United States , immigrant groups trying to fit in tend to choose high calorie fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American , a new study finds . That’s one reason why immigrants approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America.
The researchers also did an experiment that measured whether or not the threat of appearing un-American influenced respondents’ food choices . After being questioned about their ability to speak English , 75 percent of Asian-Americans identified a typical American food as their favorite. Only 25 percent of Asian-Americans who had not been asked if they spoke English did the same.
When their American identiy was called into question during a follow-up study, Asian-American participants also tended to choose typical American dishes , such as hamburgers and cheese sand wiches In that experiment , 55 Asian-Americans were asked to choose a meal from a local Asian or American restaurant . Some participants were told that only Americans could participate in the study. Those who chose the more typical American fare ended up consuming an extra 182 calories , including 12grams of fat and 7 grams of saturated fat(饱和脂肪).
“People who feel like they need to prove they belong to a culture will change their habits in an attempt to fit in , ”said Sauna Cheryan ,an anthor of the study and assistant professor of psychology at the University of Washington.” If immigrants and their children choose unhealthy American foods over healthier traditional foods across their lives , this process of fitting in could lead to poorer health .Cheryan added.
Social pressures , the study concluded , are at the heart of the problem. “In American society today , being American is associated with being white . Americans , who don’t fit this image even if they were born here and speak English , feel that pressure to prove that they’re American,” said Cheryan.
小题1:The author wants to show that      .
A．more and more Asians enjoy high-calorie snacks
B．immigrants tend to eat American junk food to fit in
C．most Americans are at the risk of heart disease
D．all the American people have a bad eating habit
小题2:According to the survey,      .
A．Asian-Americans care less about their health
B．25 percent of Americans like junk food
C．choosing food is related to Asian-American’s situation
D．immigrants are forced to eat junk food
小题3:The underlined word “fare” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “      ”.
A．food offered as a mealB．a person taking a taxi
C．money spent on foodD．an arranged thing to do
小题4:According to Sauna Cheryan,       .
A．what immigrants have done is ridiculous
B．American traditional foods are healthier
C．immigrants risk their health in order to fit in
D．American culture affects immigrants deeply
小题5:Which of the following should take the blame for the bad eating habit?
A．The situation of employment.B．The traditional culture.
C．The American government.D．The pressures from society.
Your body, which has close relations with the food you eat, is the most important thing you own, so it needs proper treatment and proper nourishment (营养).The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is not as silly as some people think. The body needs fruit and vegetables because they contain vitamin C. Many people take extra vitamins in pill form, believing that these will make them healthy.
But a good diet is made up of nourishing food and this gives all the vitamins you need. The body doesn’t need or use extra vitamins, so why waste money on them?
In the modern western world, many people are too busy to bother about eating properly. They throw anything into their stomachs, eating hurriedly and carelessly. The list of illnesses caused or made worse by bad eating habits is frightening,
小题1:“Your body has close relations with the food you eat.” It really means that ______.
A．all kinds of food you eat can be made into your body
B．your body is made up of the food you eat
C．what you eat has great effect on your health
D．the more you eat, the fitter you will feel
小题2:The old saying referred to in the passage tells us that ______.
A．eating apples regularly does lots of good to our health
B．the apple is the best among all kinds of fruits
C．apples can take the place of doctors
D．an apple is a sure cure for illness
小题3:In the second paragraph, the writer tries to let us know ______.
A．our bodies need food or we can’t live
B．often eating apples is a good habit
C．taking extra vitamin pills is completely useless
D．a good diet is of great importance for our health
小题4:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that if we want to keep healthy, we should ______.
A．only eat an apple a day
B．eat properly
C．take as many vitamin pills as possible
D．throw something into our stomachs slowly and carefully

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