题目内容
18.One hundred years ago,"Colored"was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.Twenty years later,it was purposefully dropped to make way for"Negro."By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by"Black."And then,at a press conference in Chicago in 1988,Jesse Jackson declared that"African American"was the term to embrace.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups,such as"Italian Americans"and"Irish Americans,"that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001study cataloged all the ways in which the term"Black"carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of"African American."
But if it was known that"Black"people were viewed differently from"African Americans,"researchers,until now,hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study,conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall,found that"Black"people are viewed more negatively than"African Americans"because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.As a result,"Black"people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.
The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume,it appears,can tap into recruiters'biases.A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the"Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers"or the"National Black Employees Association,"the names of which apparently have consequences,and are also beyond their members'control.
In one of the study's experiments,subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group,he was identified as"African-American,"and another was told he was"Black."With little else to go on,they were asked to estimate Mr.William's salary,professional standing,and educational background.
The"African-American"group estimated that he earned about﹩37000 a year and had at wo-year college degree.The"Black"group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout﹩29 000,and guessed that he had only"some"college experience.Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level,while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.
Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use"African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed,one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original,idealistic hope:"It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts."
94.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term"African American"for people of African descent?A
A.It is free from racial biases.
B.It represents social progress.
C.It is in the interest of common Americans.
D.It follows the standard naming practice.
95.What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?D
A.It advances with the times.
B.It is based on racial roots.
C.It merits intensive study.
D.It is politically sensitive.
96.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A
A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.
B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.
C.Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.
D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.
97.What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?C
A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.
B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.
C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.
D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.
98.What is Dr.Du Bois's ideal?B
A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.
B.A person is judged by their worth.
C.A new term is created to address African Americans.
D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.
分析 本文是关于种族歧视的议论文,文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为"黑人"和"非裔美国人"时人们的不同态度.
解答 94.A 细节题.根据文章内容,This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups,such as"Italian Americans"and"Irish Americans,"that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.之所以这么称呼是因为它回应着一群人说被贴上的标签,比如"Italian Americans"and"Irish Americans,这些都是早已脱离了种族歧视的群体,结合选项,故选A
95.D 细节题.根据文章内容,A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001study cataloged all the ways in which the term"Black"carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of"African American."一个世纪以来,一个人种的名字的变化所蕴含的涵义更多的事负面的、不好的.结合选项,故选D
96.A 细节理解题.根据文章第四段第一句:The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world.可知研究最引人注目的发现揭示了种族歧视渗透职业界.结合选项,故选A.
97.C 推理判断题.根据文章第四段:The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial discriminations permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a CV,it appears,can tap into recruiters'discriminations.A job application might mention affiliations(关系) with groups such as the"Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers"or the"National Black Employees Association,"the names of which apparently have consequences,and are also beyond their members'control.研究最引人注目的发现揭示了种族歧视渗透 职业界.即使在简历,看似无害的细节似乎可以挖掘到招聘人员歧视.求职可能会提到与族群的关系如"威斯康星裔美国律师协会"或"全国黑人雇员协会"的名称显然有后果,也超出了他们的成员的控制.下一段举例受试者被简要地描述 了一个来自芝加哥的人,姓威廉姆斯的例子说明一个人的概念与这个人被贴上标签的方式有关系.故选C项.
98.B 句意理解题.根据文章最后一段:Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use"African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed,one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois'original,idealistic hope:"It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts."也许一个新的阶段是必要的,一个能让大家更靠近实现杜波依斯原创的,理想主义的希望:后面:不是名字重要,而是事情(价值)重要.",他希望判断一个人不是根据名称而是根据这个人创造的价值来判断.故选B项.
点评 本文是一个科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.
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