题目内容

Eco City Farms(生态城市农场) are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.
Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community(社区). People do not have very much money. And they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable.“I like coming out here,”he says,“You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together,”she continues,“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration(示范) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.”she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost(肥料)made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal(地热)system.
Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables ”say five-year-old Owen Moss.
小题1:What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.
B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.
C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life.
D．Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.
小题2:According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT______.
A．shopping centers B．car repair shops
C．fast-food restaurantsD．working-class community
小题3:What is the author’s attitude toward Eco City Farms?
A．Enthusiastic(热心的).B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised.D．Doubtful.
小题4:In which column(专栏) of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?
A．People.B．Travel.C．Environment.D．Education.

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:C

试题分析：这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场在美国的城市乡村越来越受欢迎，它如何运作，会环境的好处。
小题1:主旨题：从第一段中“Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.”可知生态城市农场在美国的城市乡村越来越受欢迎。故选B。
小题2:细节题：从第一段中“Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community.”可知ABD都是对的，就是没有提到fast-food restaurants快餐店。故选C。
小题3:推理题：根据上下文，特别是第三段中“Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration (范例) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community”可知作者对生态城市农场是很有热情的。故选A。
小题4:推理题：这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这是以环保为理念的农场。故选C。
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As a nation we are becoming more aware of the food we and our children are eating.The recent campaign to improve school dinners by celebrity(名人) chef Jamie Oliver has helped raise awareness of our fast food lifestyles.While we may be trying to eat more healthily，it seems we still have some bad habits.
?Healthy eaters or just trendy?
Are there certain things that you do and don’t eat and why？With so many food programmes and books telling you what you should and shouldn’t eat to be healthy，it’s hard to make choices.
Some people are vegetarians for moral reasons，some don’t like the taste of meat and there are one or two people who do it because it’s trendy.Likewise，it can be trendy to follow the latest celebrity’s diet because it’s what the famous are doing.
?Eating out
People are eating out more often now，not just on special occasions as in the past.The choice of restaurants has also diversified.Italian，Chinese and Indian restaurants have been around for years but have now been joined by Mongolian，Japanese，Mexican and so on.Bars and pubs are still popular for food and often promote English cuisine made with local produce.
“We enjoy eating out a couple of times every month whether with friends or just as a couple.We like trying new things so we go to different restaurants.” said Craig,25，County Durham.
?Eating on the go
From chocolate bars to sandwiches more people are eating on the go—on the street，in cars or on buses and trains.While our parents and grandparents may frown at this behaviour，considering it to be bad manners，people eat on the go because they are rushing from one place to another.And in the home the number of people sitting down at a dining table for their evening meal is on the decrease as meal times become more informal.
“If I’m running late for work I don’t think twice about eating toast in the car or on the bus but I know my mum wouldn’t approve，” said Stacey,24.
小题1:What can we infer from the text?
A．Our parents think highly of the eating habits mentioned in the text.
B．We should get rid of the bad habits and try to be healthier.
C．Japanese restaurants have been around for years.
D．It’s good for people to eat out more frequently.
小题2:People find it difficult to decide what to eat to keep healthy because ________.
A．different programmes and books have different ideas about healthy eating
B．there are many celebrities having different diet styles
C．what the famous are doing is different from ours
D．they have some bad eating habits
小题3:The underlined word “diversified” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．made a great change
B．made a big difference
C．had a rapid increase
D．had a wide variety
小题4:Craig often goes to different restaurants because ________.
A．he likes trying new things
B．he follows the latest celebrity diet
C．he enjoys the meal with his friends
D．he has more special occasions to celebrate
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
小题1:David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______.
A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance
C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes
小题2:David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______.
A．they make him feel at ease when working
B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C．he looks handsome in casual clothes
D．he no longer works for any company
小题3: According to this passage, which of the following statements is false?
A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.
B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.
C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.
D．All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.
小题4: According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?
A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.
C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
小题5:In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _______.
A．saving employees’ money
B．making employees more attractive
C．improving employees’ motivation
D．making employees happier
Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits—including making your brain sharper.
Yes, it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions (认知功能) such as memory and attention. There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning, possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance. Losing weight, therefore, may help improve these mental functions, according to a new research led by John Gunstad, assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University.
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits (缺陷). So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function. For their study, they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants, some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not. All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study, and again 12 weeks later. To begin with, about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested. At the end of the study, those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions. Scores for the volunteers who didn’t lose weight dropped even further.
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function. Now that he’s seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention, he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way—eating healthier and getting more active. He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain. “If we can improve the condition with operations, then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well,” he says.
小题1:There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers _____.
A．believe overweight only affects our body
B．have focused on ways to sharpen people’s mind
C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
D．are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
小题2:The result of Gunstad’s study shows that ______.
A．losing weight has little effect on people’s memory
B．losing weight can improve people’s mental functions
C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
D．overweight people’s abilities of concentration differ greatly
小题3:What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research?
A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people.
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight.
C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation.
D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise.
小题4:Which of the following is the best title for th e text?
A．Body Weight and Health
B．Losing Weight by Operation
C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions
D．Losing Weight to S harpen Your MindD
People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds. It’s possible that being full of vim and vigor helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh.
“We need to take more seriously the possibility that a positive emotional style is a major player in disease risk,” says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study’s lead researcher. 
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms(症状).   
Those findings were interesting, but they didn’t prove that a person’s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still probable that a person’s underlying personality is what matters.
Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic, with high self-respect and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotions), the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative feelings they had experienced that day.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks.
Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy(堵塞)noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive. Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are. For now, it can’t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A．how to get rid of coldsB．Attitude determines life
C．Smiles turn away colds D．Different opinions about colds
小题2:The word “full of vim and vigor” underlined in Paragraph 1 probably means_______.
A．ignorantB．well-informedC．energeticD．in low spirits
小题3:According to the finding a leading factor of catching colds should be one’s _______.
A．health.B．personality.C．qualityD．mood
小题4:By saying the last paragraph, the writer intends to suggest_______.
A．positiveemotionsareasgoodasnegativeemotions
B．itisnotnecessarilygoodforyouifyoualwayslookatproblemspositively
C．itwillbegoodforyourhealthtoalwayskeepupanoptimisticstateofmind
D．thesaying---everycoinhastwosides.
Country-dwellers(农村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers.
D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers.
小题2:The research from Cardiff University was based on the people’s _________.
A．interests.B．characters.C．occupations.D．lifestyles.
小题3:It can be inferred that  ___________.
A．people like living in towns and cities
B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life
C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others
D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers.
小题4:Non-affective psychosis is a kind of mental illnesses that is linked to ________
A．character change B．temperature rise
C．pressure increaseD．energy weakening
小题5:We can learn from the last paragraph that generally ________ .
A．women living in villages live the longest
B．women living in cities live the longest
C．men living in villages live the longest
D．men living in cities live the longest.
A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (动态) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.
B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.
C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.
D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.
小题2:According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?
A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.
B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.
C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.
D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.
小题3: Para 5 functions as              .
A．a comparison B．an introductionC．a conclusionD．an addition
小题4: Parents are supposed to               when their kids are growing up.
A．continue their broken marriage
B．allow children to decide when to sleep
C．limit teens’ using new technology
D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer， saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake， through diet or a vitamin supplement，" Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies， including several large long-term ones， on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer，" he said， urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health.    Vitamin D is found in milk， as well as in some fortified orange juice， yogurt and cheeses， usually at around 100 international units （IU） a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day， Garland said， adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas， which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
African Americans， who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour， could also benefit significantly from a higher intake， the authors said.
小题1: According to the passage， people are advised to take more Vitamin D because_________.
A．it is nutritious
B．it can‘t harm people’s health
C．it is not taken enough every day
D．it can lower cancer risk
小题2: Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D？
A．Have more meatB．Have some sunshine
C．Have a vitamin supplementD．Have more fortified cheese
小题3:Who can Garland probably be？
A．A scientistB．A health researcher
C．A doctorD．A public health official
小题4:Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer？
A．Fortified orange juiceB．Milk
C．Fortified yogurtD．All of the above
小题5:People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage？
A．Asian peopleB．American people
C．European peopleD．African people
There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the _  _ it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can  _ _ people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films __ __ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to    exercise.  It decreases blood pressure, the heart beat and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter   the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors     pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the     time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish( 减少 ) both stress and pain.
As a      of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by   __ them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects      to those caused by laughter.
小题1:
A．harmB．strengthC．effectD．good
小题2:
A．helpB．improveC．increaseD．damage
小题3:
A．ifB．butC．whileD．since
小题4:
A．mentalB．physicalC．practicalD．medical
小题5:
A．guaranteesB．appliesC．maintainsD．exercises
小题6:
A．overlookedB．producedC．preservedD．ensured
小题7:
A．remainingB．restC．longestD．adequate
小题8:
A．factB．matterC．resultD．sign
小题9:
A．encouragingB．allowingC．assistingD．reminding
小题10:
A．respectfulB．subtleC．adaptableD．similar

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