题目内容

【题目】Anyone who has worn a cast (石膏) knows that rebuilding muscle strength once the cast is removed can be difficult. Now researchers at the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) at Ohio University have found that the mind is critical in maintaining muscle strength following a long period of not moving and that mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss.

Strength is controlled by a number of factors---the most studied by far is skeletal muscle. However, the nervous system is also an important, though not fully understood, determining factor of strength and weakness.

Brian C. Clark and colleagues set out to test how the system functions in strength development. They designed an experiment to measure changes in wrist (腕) muscle strength in three groups of healthy adults. Twenty-nine subjects wore a hard cast that extended from just below the elbow (肘) past the fingers, effectively preventing the hand and wrist from moving, for four weeks. Fifteen subjects who did not wear casts served as the control group.

Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, imagining they were strongly contracting their wrist for five seconds and then resting for five seconds. This was repeated four times in a row followed by a one-minute break for a total of 13 rounds per session and five sessions per week. The other half performed no imagination exercises.

At the end of the four-week experiment, both groups who wore casts had lost strength in their unmoving limbs (肢体) when compared to the control group. But the group that performed imagination exercises lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. The nervous system’s ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group.

【1】What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Serious. B. Embarrassing.

C. Important. D. Normal.

【2】Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Scientists have partly understood the nervous system.

B. Whoever has worn a cast for long may have difficulty in muscle recovery.

C. Scientists have already spent a lot of time in studying skeletal muscle.

D. The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all.

【3】What can we learn from the experiment?

A. The control group lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group.

B. The imagination group lost more strength than the non-imagination group.

C. The control group wore casts but didn’t perform the imagination exercise.

D. The speed of non-imagination group’s muscle recovery was slower.

【4】 Where can you most probably find the passage?

A. In a science magazine. B. In a storybook.

C. In a textbook . D. In a book review.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】D

【4】A

解析

试题分析:本文介绍了俄亥俄州大学的肌肉骨骼和神经系统研究所的研究人员已经发现,在保持肌肉力量的长期不动时,精神上的想象可能是减少相关的肌肉损失的关键。

【1】C词义猜测题。根据这句话的后部分mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss. 精神上的想象可能是减少相关的肌肉损失的关键。可推测,这个词应该是重要的意思。故选C。

【2】D推理判断题。根据第四段Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, 29个人戴着硬石膏的人中,一半的人被要求定期进行锻炼..可知D错误。

【3】D细节理解题。由最后一段The nervous system’s ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group. 与非想象组相比,想象组的神经系统使肌肉充分恢复的能力也更迅速。故选D。

【4】A推理判断题。通读全文可知,这是一篇关于神经系统与肌肉组织关系的文章。应该在科学杂志上可以找到。故选A。

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【题目】The Winter Olympics is also called the White Olympics.At this time, many colorful stamps are published to mark the great Games.The first stamps marking the opening came out on January 25, 1932 in the United States for the 3rd White Olympics.From then on, publishing stamps during the White Olympics became a rule.

During the 4th Winter Olympic Games a group of stamps were published in Germany in November 1936.The five rings of Olympics were drawn on the front of the sportswear.It was the first time that the rings appeared on the stamps of the White Olympics.

In the 1950s, the stamps of this kind became more colorful.When the White Olympics came, the host countries as well as the non-host countries published stamps to mark those Games.China also published four stamps in February 1980, when the Chinese sportsmen began to take part in the White Olympics.

Japan is an Asian country that has ever held the White Olympics.Altogether 14,500 million stamps were sold to raise money for this sports meet.

Different kinds of sports were drawn on these small stamps.People can enjoy the beauty of the wonderful movements of some sportsmen.

【1】The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics _______.

A.are the same thing

B.are different games

C.are not held in winter

D.are held in summer

【2】The world made it a rule to publish stamps to mark the great world Games ______.

A.after the year 1936

B.after the 3rd Winter Olympics

C.before the 3rd White Olympics

D.before the year 1932

【3】The Winter Olympics is held once ________.

A.every two years

B.every three years

C.every four years

D.every five years

【4】Which of the following is true?

A.Only the host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

B.Only the non-host countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

C.All the countries can publish stamps to mark those Games.

D.Japan can’t publish stamps to mark those Games.

【5】What may appear on the stamps of the White Olympics?

A.Basketball

B.Table tennis.

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【题目】Why do people feel so rushed? Part of this is a perception (认知) problem. Generally, people in rich countries have more free time than they used to. This is particularly true in Europe, but even in America free time has been inching up. Women's paid work has risen a lot over this periodbut their time in unpaid worklike cooking and cleaning, has fallen even more significantly, thanks in part to dishwashers, washing machines and microwaves, and also to the fact that men shift themselves a little more around the house than they used to.

The problem, then, is less how much time people have than how they see it. Ever since a clock was first used at a workplace to record labor hours in the 18th century, time has been understood in relation to money. Once hours are financially quantified (量化), people worry more about wasting, but tend to save or use them more profitably. When economies grow and incomes rise, everyone's time becomes more valuable. And the more valuable something becomes, the rarer it seems.

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The relationship between time, money and anxiety is something Gary Becker noticed in America's post-war boom years. "If anything, time is used more carefully today than a century ago," he noted in 1965. He found that when people are paid more to work, they tend to work longer hours, because working becomes a more profitable use of time. So the rising value of work time puts pressure on all time. Leisure time starts to seem more stressful, as people are forced to use it wisely or not at all.

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A. men's ability to support a family has been improved

B. men's involvement in housework has increased

C. women's leisure time was taken up by heavy housework

D. women become more skilled at household equipment

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A. labor hours were recorded with a clock

B. people haven't realized the value of time

C. more work hours bring in more money

D. The rise of incomes makes time less valuable

3The underlined phrasegrow stingy withcan probably be replaced by "______".

A. refuses to delay B. intend to kill

C. try to accumulate D. hesitate to spend

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A. The wrong way of time being spent.

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【1】 The best title of the passage is______.

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