题目内容
【题目】Be careful about the boundary between your work and your life, or your attitude and emotion in one area will affect the other.
A.randomlyB.negativelyC.confidentiallyD.arbitrarily
【答案】B
【解析】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：注意工作和生活的界限，否则你在某一方面的态度和情绪会对另一方面产生负面影响。A. randomly 随便地，随地的；B. negatively 消极地，负面地 C. confidentially 秘密地；D. arbitrarily 武断地。分析句子，前句提到要分清楚工作和生活，不然相互之间会产生负面影响。故选B项。
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What makes us laugh?
Why do we laugh? Well it’s funny you should ask, but this question is a very interesting one to investigate. For what at first seems like a simple question turns out to require a surprisingly complex answer –– one that takes us on a journey into the very heart of trying to understand human nature.
Most people would guess that we laugh because something is funny. But if you watch when people actually laugh, you’ll find this isn’t the case. Laughter expert Robert Provine spent hours recording real conversations at shopping malls, classrooms, offices and cocktail parties, and he found that most laughter did not follow what looked like jokes. People laughed at the end of normal sentences, in response to unfunny comments or questions such as “Look, it’s Andre”, or “Are you sure?”. Even attempts at humor that provoked laughter didn’t sound that funny.
So if we want to understand laughter, perhaps we need to go deeper, and look at what is going on in the brain. The areas that control laughing lie deep in the sub cortex(下皮层), and in terms of evolutionary development these parts of the brain are ancient, responsible for primal(原始) behaviors such as breathing and basic reflexes(反射). This means laughter control mechanisms are located a long way away from brain regions that developed later and control higher functions such as language or even memory.
Perhaps this explains why it is so hard to control a laugh, even if we know it is inappropriate. Once a laugh is started deep within our brains these “higher function” brain regions have trouble interfering. And the opposite is true, of course. It is difficult to laugh on demand. If you consciously make yourself laugh it will not sound like the real thing – at least initially.
But this does not fully answer the original question. To answer this, perhaps we need to look outwards, to look at the social factors at play when people laugh. Provine’s study suggests that it isn’t just some independent process that happens to us while we are talking to someone. He also found that laughter was most common in situations of emotional warmth and so-called “in-groupness”.
Perhaps “transmission” is another most important feature of laughter. Just listening to someone laugh is funny. You can even catch laughter from yourself. Start with a forced laugh and if you keep it up you will soon find yourself laughing for real.
What these observations show is that laughter is both fundamentally social, and rooted deep within our brains, part and parcel of ancient brain structures. All these things are true. And biologists say each time we get closer to an answer for a fundamental question, it deepens our appreciation of the challenge remaining to answer the others. And there is a long way to go.
What makes us laugh? | ||
Introduction | Studying laugh is closely 【1】to understanding human nature. | |
【2】 | ●The popular 【3】is not true that we laugh because something is funny. ●The study of real conversations reveals that laughter didn’t 【4】 follow funny comments. | |
Causes | Inside | ● Ancient areas 【5】for primal behaviors control laughing. ● “Higher function” regions can’t 【6】with laughing. |
【7】 | ● Situations of emotional warmth and in-groupness give 【8】to laughing. ●Laughter can be 【9】, which is another most important feature. | |
Conclusion | The origin of laugh is associated with both brain structures and 【10】factors. | |