题目内容
2.In many American schools the holiday celebrating Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday is used as an opportunity to teach children about his life and legacy.But in too many of those same schools,Black children's extraordinary talents are still being wasted today.Nearly three-quarters of Black fourth and eighth grade public school students cannot read or compute at grade level.Black students made up only 18 percent of students in public schools in 2009-2010 but were 40 percent of students who received one or more out-of-school suspensions(暂被停学).A Black public school student is suspended every four seconds.Black students are more than twice as likely to drop out of school as White students.Each school day 763 Black high school students drop out.So I applaud the U.S.Departments of Education and Justice for their recent action to address harmful school discipline policies that push so many thousands of black children out of school each year and into the teenager justice and adult prison pipeline.If the education system is to do its part in replacing it with a cradle(摇篮) to college,career and success pipeline,we must end the current practice where children in the greatest need are suspended from school mostly for nonviolent offenses.
These resources,officially known as"guidance",will help schools and districts meet their legal responsibility to protect students from discrimination on the basis of race,color or national origin as required under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.As we recognize the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964and so many other important hard-won victories in the Civil Rights Movement this year,we must remember those victories could be lost without meaningful enforcement of the laws advocates fought so hard to win half a century ago.
While the guidance does not prohibit schools or districts from using any particular nondiscriminatory policy,it does doubt some policies that have historically excluded Black students and are of questionable educational value including"zero tolerance"discipline policies which require compulsory consequences for certain infractions(违反),and policies that prevent students from returning to school after completion of a court sentence.
Information of the new guidance recommendations is available at this government website for almost every school and district in the country.Check your own school district now to see whether the discipline policy is focused on creating a positive school climate and preventing misbehavior,whether consequences are clear,appropriate and consistent,and whether there is a commitment to fairness in the application of discipline.
90.What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A
A.Unsatisfactory situation of Black students'education.
B.Life and legacy of Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.
C.The percentage of Black students dropping out of school.
D.The holiday celebrating Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday.
91.The guidance issued by the U.S.Departments of Education and Justice mayD.
A.punish Black children for dropping out of school.
B.prevent Black children from coming back to school after a court sentence.
C.push thousands of Black children out of school each year.
D.protect Black children from being suspended for nonviolent offenses.
92.According to the passage,the"zero tolerance"discipline policiesC.
A.prevent Black children from being absent from school.
B.are prohibited by the guidance.
C.have questionable consequences.
D.were considered discriminatory when they were released.
93.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?B
A.Criticism of the Education System
B.Steps Forward on School Discipline
C.Suggestions on the Civil Rights Act
D.Victories in the Civil Rights Movement.
分析 全文介绍了美国黑人学生在学校遭受到的歧视及相关部门对此推出的一些举措.
解答 90-93 ADCB
90.A.推理判断题.第一段讲述了在美国的公立学校里黑人学生被停学,很多人辍学,教育程度不高等令人担忧的教育现状,因此选A.
91.D.细节理解题.第二段the U.S.Departments of Education and Justice for their recent action to address harmful school discipline policies that push so many thousands of black children out of school each year and into the juvenile justice and adult prison pipeline,说学校的有些政策让黑人学生因为非暴力的违法行为而被停学甚至辍学,反而把他们推向了犯罪的深渊,因此可推知而这一政策是为了应对该现象的,因此选D.
92.C.推理判断题.根据第四段中的"have historically excluded black students and are of questionable educational value及"require mandatory(强制的)…prevent students from returning to school after completion of a court sentence"可知,历史证明零有容忍政策是有问题的,选择C项.
93.B.标题判断题.全文介绍了美国黑人学生在学校遭受到的歧视及相关部门对此推出的一些举措,因此选B.
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点.
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not (41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are (42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the (43)A but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression (44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more (45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of (47)Dapologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of (48)C apologies.Although they are not carried out in the public place,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why (49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for (50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong (51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to (52)D apologies,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even (53)B risky.Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity.Leaders may also be afraid that (54)B of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk (55)D.
41.A.immediately | B.intentionally | C.occasionally | D.accidentally |
42.A.simple | B.ridiculous | C.abnormal | D.different |
43.A.individual | B.company | C.family | D.society |
44.A.conflicts | B.matters | C.appeals | D.deceives |
45.A.urgent | B.possible | C.necessary | D.simple |
46.A.interestedly | B.patiently | C.frequently | D.hopefully |
47.A.faithful | B.trusty | C.immediate | D.public |
48.A.sincere | B.acceptable | C.private | D.positive |
49.A.bother | B.reduce | C.regret | D.ignore |
50.A.promotion | B.criticism | C.appreciation | D.identification |
51.A.personality | B.will | C.reason | D.desire |
52.A.attempt | B.involve | C.commit | D.avoid |
53.A.financially | B.professionally | C.academically | D.physically |
54.A.avoidance | B.admission | C.involvement | D.elimination |
55.A.fulfillment | B.statement | C.occupation | D.strategy |