题目内容
17.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not (41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are (42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the (43)A but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression (44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more (45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of (47)Dapologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of (48)C apologies.Although they are not carried out in the public place,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why (49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for (50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong (51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to (52)D apologies,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even (53)B risky.Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity.Leaders may also be afraid that (54)B of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk (55)D.
41.A.immediately | B.intentionally | C.occasionally | D.accidentally |
42.A.simple | B.ridiculous | C.abnormal | D.different |
43.A.individual | B.company | C.family | D.society |
44.A.conflicts | B.matters | C.appeals | D.deceives |
45.A.urgent | B.possible | C.necessary | D.simple |
46.A.interestedly | B.patiently | C.frequently | D.hopefully |
47.A.faithful | B.trusty | C.immediate | D.public |
48.A.sincere | B.acceptable | C.private | D.positive |
49.A.bother | B.reduce | C.regret | D.ignore |
50.A.promotion | B.criticism | C.appreciation | D.identification |
51.A.personality | B.will | C.reason | D.desire |
52.A.attempt | B.involve | C.commit | D.avoid |
53.A.financially | B.professionally | C.academically | D.physically |
54.A.avoidance | B.admission | C.involvement | D.elimination |
55.A.fulfillment | B.statement | C.occupation | D.strategy |
分析 本文为社会文化类说明文,文章从不同的方面分析道歉的必要性;首先分析道歉为什么困难;道歉,特别是作文领导人在公开场合道歉可能被看成强硬或软弱的标志;第二,为什么现在道歉;现在人们的过错性行为比以往任何时候都频繁,无论是公开的还是私底下的道歉都很重要;第三,何必麻烦(道歉)呢?领导应该是强硬的,有能力的;领导公开道歉会招致批评;只有在有重要的原因,领导认为道歉利大于弊时才会道歉.第四,为什么拒绝道歉?道歉会对他们的职业以及它们为之服务的组织带来危害,是一种高危的策略.
解答 41-45BDABA 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDBBD 41.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用恰当的副词.A.immediately 立即B.intentionally 有意地;C.occasionally偶然地 D.accidentally意外地;根据语境,甚至是"无意not intentionally"的过错也应该道歉,故答案选择B.
42.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用恰当的形容词.A.simple 简单的B.ridiculous 荒唐的C.abnormal 不正常的D.different 不同的;根据句意,当我们是作为领导时,情形就"不同了",故答案选择D.
43.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用恰当的名词.A.individual 个人B.company 公司C.family 家庭D.society 社会.根据语境,作为领导道歉就不仅仅是"个人"层面上的;故选A.
44.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用恰当的动词.A.conflicts冲突 B.matters 重要,要紧C.appeals 呼吁,吸引D.deceives 欺骗;根据语境,作为领导,所说的每一个词或句都"要紧",故选B.
45.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用恰当的形容词.A.urgent紧迫的 B.possible 可能的C.necessary由必要的 D.simple简单的;根据该部分的小标题"why now"推断该部分说明"现在就要道歉",即作为领导人道歉的"紧迫性"故选A.
46.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用恰当的副词.A.interestedly 感兴趣地B.patiently 有耐心地;C.frequently频繁地 D.hopefully 充满希望地;根据语境,更多的道歉说明现在各种各样的错事更"频繁"发生,故选C.
47.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用恰当的形容词.A.faithful忠诚的 B.trusty信任的 C.immediate 立即的D.public 公开的;由该部分的第一句"The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent领导是否应该公开道歉这个问题现在是最紧迫"推断更多的报纸讨论"公开"道歉的重要性;故选D.
48.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用恰当的形容词.A.sincere 真诚的;B.acceptable可接受的 C.private 私人的D.positive 积极的;根据语境,上文分析了公开道歉的重要性,此处分析"私底下"道歉的重要性,并且下文中"Although they are not carried out in the public place虽然不是在公开场合进行"推断此处需要的是private,故选C.
49.答案是A.本题考查语境中选用恰当的动词.A.bother麻烦 B.reduce 减少C.regret 后悔,遗憾D.ignore 忽视;根据下文语境推断,该部分分析道歉的必要性,"why bother何必麻烦(道歉)呢?",故选A.
50.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用恰当的名词.A.promotion晋升 B.criticism 批评C.appreciation 感激,感谢D.identification 身份;根据语境,领导因为做错事而道歉,可能会因此带来"批评",故选B.
51.答案是C.本题考查语境中选用恰当的名词.A.personality个性 B.will 意愿C.reason 原因D.desire 渴望;根据语境和常识判断,对于领导,道歉要有重要的原因,故选C.
52.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用恰当的动词.A.attempt试图,企图 B.involve 卷入,关于C.commit致力于,做错事 D.avoid 避免; 根据句意,领导为什么总是用各种方法"避免"道歉?故选D.
53.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用恰当的副词.A.financially经济上 B.professionally 职业上,专业上;C.academically学术上 D.physically 身体上;根据句意和常识,道歉很可能使自己不舒服,甚至产生"职业上"的危险,故选B.
54.答案是B.本题考查语境中选用恰当的名词.A.avoidance避免 B.admission承认 C.involvement卷入,参与 D.elimination 排除,去除;根据句意,"承认错误"会毁坏他们为之服务的组织,故答案是B.
55.答案是D.本题考查语境中选用恰当的名词.A.fulfillment实现 B.statement 声明C.occupation占据,职业D.strategy策略;根据语境和常识判断,道歉是一种高危的"策略",故选D.
点评 选词填空类完形旨在考查考生对英语词汇的把握和在语篇中的综合运用能力、阅读理解能力.解答此类题,首先要浏览所给词汇,对这些词汇的意义、词性有一个初步的了解,然后在通读全文,了解文章大意的基础上进行试填;答完后再通读一篇文章,确保语句通顺,语意连贯.