题目内容

17.It is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids-particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example,we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me."In using the latter,you will be helping your kids to think and act positively,and to feel competent in a wide range of situations,because they know what to do,and aren't scaring themselves about what not to do.
Why does such a small thing make a difference?It is all in the way the human mind works.What we think,we automatically rehearse.For example,if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes,you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told"Don't fall off the tree,"he will think of two things:"don't"and"fall off the tree".That is,he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully."
Clear,positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe,or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive."Sam,hold on firm to the side of the boat"is much more useful than"Don't you dare to fall out of the boat?"or worse still"How do you think I'll feel if you drown?"The changes are small but difference is obvious.
Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words,so it pays to be positive.

12.Positive choice of words helps kids toB.
A.do things carefully
B.build up their confidence
C.improve their imagination
D.learn in different situation
13.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?B
A.A child will act on what is instructed.
B.One can't help imagining what is heard.
C.A child will fall off the tree when told not to.
D.One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.
14.Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A
A.Fasten your seat belt.
B.Don't play by the lake.
C.How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?
D.Don't you dare to walk through the red light.
15.The main idea of the passage is thatD.
A.praise makes kids confident
B.right instructions keep kids safe
C.clear commands make kids different
D.choice of words can make a difference.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了决定孩子自信的不仅是表扬和惩罚,还有一些重要的方式来塑造我们的孩子.

解答 12.B.推理判断题.根据第一段In using the latter,you will be helping your kids to think and act positively,and to feel competent in a wide range of situations可知积极的选择帮助孩子建立自信;故选B.
13.B.细节理解题.根据第二段A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use"Hold on to the tree carefully可知孩子们会想象听到的画面;故选B.
14.A.推理判断题.根据第一段For example,we can say to a child"Don't run into traffic!"or"Stay on the footpath close to me."In using the latter,you will be helping your kids to think and act positively可知请系好安全带这种命令能帮助孩子们安全;故选A.
15.D.主旨大意题.根据最后一段Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words,so it pays to be positive可知最佳标题为话语的选择对孩子是不一样的;故选D.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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24.The woman walked to Tom becauseB.
A.she was Tom's old friend          
B.she needed to take the train
C.her child wanted to talk to Tom   
D.she had no money to buy a ticket
25Tom didn't take the train becauseC.
A.he didn't take a train ticket       
B.he missed the train
C.he gave his ticket to the woman   
D.he wanted to talk to the old man
26.The old man wanted toA.
A.give Tom a job        
B.lend Tom some money
C.say"Thank you"to Tom   
D.sit on the bench with Tom
27.What can we learn from this story?D
A.Many people find job in a train station.
B.Don't buy the last ticket of the train.
C.We should not give our ticket to others in a train station
D.If we try our best to help others,others will help us.
12.As the morning school bell rings and students rush in,teenagers in one classroom settle onto mats and meditation (冥想)pillows.They fall silent after the teacher taps a"singing bowl".
These students are in a for-credit,year-long mindfulness class,which is meant to ease youth anxiety and depression and to prevent violence.For 90 minutes,three days a week,they practice a mix of yoga,sitting,and walking meditation,deep breathing,journaling,and non-judgmental listening.
Yoga and meditation have gained popularity among Americans in recent decades,supported by studies showing benefits to emotional,mental,and physical health.The centuries-old practices have roots in eastern religions,but Western culture has long focused on physical postures (姿势),breathing,and relaxation techniques.
Some people have greeted the move with less than enthusiasm.Last year,an elementary school in Ohio ended its mindfulness program after parents complained it was too closely linked to religion.But many school districts are reporting success.In Richmond,California,schools have reported drops in school problems among low-income,at-risk youths.The school district in South Burlington,Vermont,introduced a successful mindfulness course as part of a health and wellness program,and now administrators there have advocated mindfulness into K-12 currculums.
Two years ago,Caverly Morgan developed the after-school mindfulness program teamed up with Allyson Copacino,who teaches yoga.After hundreds of students signed up,Principal Brian Chatard took note.The school was dealing with a student,s suicide (自杀),and few resources were available to address students'emotional and mental health.
"High school is the hardest period of time for kids,"Mr.Chatard said."You've got emotional changes,physical changes,and all the social pressures.It's also the onset of mental illness for some kids,depression hits,and there's the pressure of college and sports.All these things kids do is over?whelming without having a strategy (策略)to deal with it."And now schools all over the country are introducing the practices.

25.What do Western people value more about yoga and meditation?C
A.Non-judgmental listening.
B.Religious meaning.
C.Physical benefits.
D.Journaling.
26.What can we infer about the mindfulness class?B
A.It is supported by parents.
B.It relives pressure of students.
C.It mainly builds students up physically.
D.It improves students'academic performance.
27.Who started the mindfulness class?C
A.Administrators.
B.Brian Chatard.
C.Caverly Morgan.
D.Allyson Copacino.
28.What is Mr.Chatard's attitude towards the program?A
A.Supportive.
B.Concerned.
C.Doubtful.
D.Reserved.
2.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.
    A company in the USA is paying its workers to sleep more.Staff at the insurance company Aetna will get 300 a year (61)added(add) to their salary if they get at least seven hours of sleep a night.They will get just over a dollar for each night they sleep over seven hours.The idea behind this plan is employee(62)performance(perform).Human resources  (63)officials(official)say workers will work more effectively if they have slept well.A workforce that is more rested means the company will perform (64)better(well).Staff can either record their sleep automatically,(65)using(use) a wrist monitor,or record by hand how long they have slept every night.
(66)Anumber of studies warn that not sleeping enough can affect our ability to do our job.The American Academy of Sleep Medicine said that the average worker in the USA loses 11.3working days of productivity a year from a lack (67)ofsleep.This  (68)costs(cost) companies about 2,280foroneworker.Itestimates(估计)thattheUSeconomyloses63.2billion a year mainly (69)becauseworkers do not sleep more than seven hours a night.A 2015study by the Rand Corporation showed that staff members sleeping less than seven hours per night  (70)were found(find) far less productive than workers having eight or more hours of sleep.
9.The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists,the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday.The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided,with one half awarded to David J.Thouless,the other half jointly to F.Duncan M.Haldane and J.Michael Kosterlitz"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相)."
Haldane said he was"very surprised"at the news,adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many,and that they revealed"more possibilities for looking for new materials."He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.
The year's prize amount is 8million Swedish krona (0.93 million US dollars),and will be split properly between the three winners.
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes,in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded.The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation (基金会) can award each year.The purse has increased since the 1980s,when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize.In 2009,the monetary award was 10million SEK(US$1.4million).In June 2012,it was lowered to 8million SEK.
If there are two winners of a particular prize,the award money is divided equally between the winners.If there are there,the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally,or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others.It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific,cultural,or charitable causes.

32.How much prize money does Thouless get?C
A.8 million Swedish krona.
B.6 million Swedish krona.
C.4 million Swedish krona.
D.2 million Swedish krone.
33.According to the passage,Haldane thought that his wordA.
A.was far from ending
B.was based on many previous studies
C.had perfectly been completed
D.had surprised the whole world
34.The amount of prize moneyD.
A.has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B.has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C.remains 880,000SEK each year after 2012
D.differs according to the Noble Foundation's affordability
35.What does the last paragraph talk about?D
A.The purpose of the award money.
B.The number of winners per prize.
C.How the winners are selected.
D.How the award money is dealt with.
6.When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London,a poet described her paintings as"a ribbon (丝带)around a bomb".Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence(影响) on the art world of her time.Sadly,she is actually a much bigger name  today than she was during her time.
Born in 1907in a village near Mexico City,Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven.Her spine (脊柱)became bent as she grew older.Then,in 1925,her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life,the artist had many operations,but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However,the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering,Kahlo taught herself to paint.
In 1929,she got married to Diego Rivera,another famous Mexican artist.Rivera's strong influences on Kahlo's style can be seen in her early works,but her later works from the 1940s,known today as her best works,show less influence from her husband.
Unfortunately,her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s,even in her home country.Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954,Kahlo's works remained largely unnoticed by the world,but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.

28.What does the phrase"a much bigger name"in paragraph 1most nearly mean?C
A.a far better artist
B.a far more gifted artist
C.a much more famous person
D.a much stronger person
29.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused byC.
A.polio
B.her bent spine
C.back injuries
D.the operations she had
30.Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent since theB.
A.1930s
B.1940s
C.1950s
D.1970s
31.What is author's attitude toward Kahlo?B
A.Laugh       
B.Sympathy       
C.Worry         
D.Courage.
7.A new study has found that social media could be affecting the sleep of young adults.The study is a project of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh's School of Medicine.They found that young people who often use social media are more likely to suffer from sleep disorders than those who use social media less.
The researchers say doctors should ask young adults about their use of social media when treating sleep issues."This is one of the first pieces of evidence that social media use really can affect your sleep,"said Jessica C.Levenson.She is a postdoctoral researcher in the university's Department of Psychiatry.She was the lead author of a report on the study.The researchers set out to examine the connection between social media use and sleep among young adults.
The researchers wanted to find out how often young people used social media sites like Facebook,Twitter and etc..For the study,they gave questionnaires to nearly 1,800adults,aged 19to 32.On average,members of the study group used social media sites one hour a day.They also visited various social media accounts 30times per week.Thirty percent of the study's participants reported having serious problems with sleeping.Those people who used social media a lot were three times more likely to have a sleep disorder.And those who spent the most time on social media were two times as likely to suffer from sleep disturbances.
Frequent checking is big part of the problem.Levenson said the number of times a person visits social media is a better predictor of sleep problems than overall time spent on social media.If this is true,she adds,then practices that stop such behaviors may be most effective.
Researchers say social media can influence sleep patterns in a number of ways.People can lose sleep by staying up too late looking at social media.Sensitive issues argued about on social media can cause"emotional,cognitive or physiological"excitement.Using an electronic device can disturb a body's natural sleep rhythms because of the light coming from cell phones or computer screens.The researchers note that in some cases,young adults who have a hard time sleeping may use social media to help them fall asleep.
"It also may be that both of these hypotheses (假定) are true,"says Brian A.Primack.He is director of the Center for Research on Media,Technology and Health.He is also the study's senior author.Primack says,"Difficult sleeping may lead to increased use of social media,which may in turn lead to more problems sleeping.This cycle may be particularly problematic with social media.Many forms of social media involve interactive screen time that is stimulating (刺激) and rewarding and,for those reasons,can keep you awake."

68.From the results of the questionnaire,who are more likely to have a sleep problem?B
A.The participants aged from 19to 32.
B.The participants visiting social media frequently.
C.The participants using social media sites one hour a day.
D.The participants spending the most time on social media.
69.The main purpose of the passage is toC.
A.compare and evaluate
B.examine and reason
C.inform and explain
D.argue and conclude
70.What is the best title for the passage?A
A.Social Media Is Keeping Young Adults Awake
B.Difficult Sleeping Is Affecting Sleeping Patterns
C.Electric Devices Are Influencing Sleep Rhythms
D.Young Adults Are Suffering from Sleep Disorders.

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