题目内容
11.Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson?Perhaps yes.Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.The gene comes in two versions,one of which is found in 99per cent of Europeans.The other is found in 93to 100per cent of Africans,researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish.As with humans,zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells,which contain melanosomes (黑色素).The number,size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.
It appears that,like the golden zebrafish,light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production.This results in less pigmented skin.
However,Keith Cheng,leader of the research team,points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线),which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes,they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D.So the related gene changes,according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans,so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour,said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
71.The passage mainly tells us thatD.
A.people can not change their skin colour without any pain
B.the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely
C.pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked
D.scientists have found out that people's skin colour is determined by the gene
72.It can be inferred from the passage thatA.
A.nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment
B.Europeans and Africans have the same gene
C.the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer
D.there are two kinds of genes
73.Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebrafish in order toB.
A.find the different genes of humans'
B.prove the humans'skin colour is determined by the pigment gene
C.find out the reason why the Africans'skin colour is dark
D.find out the ways of changing people's skin colour
74.The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably thatB.
A.they are born light-skinned people
B.light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanosome production
C.they have fewer activities outside
D.they pay much attention to protecting their skin
75.The writer's attitude towards the discovery isC.
A.neutral B.negative
C.positive D.indifferent.
分析 这是一篇科普文.科学家们找到了决定人类肤色的基因.
解答 71-75.DABBC
71题答案:D考查主旨大意,本文讲的是科学家们找到了决定人类肤色的基因;故本题答案为D选项.
72题答案:A考查细节推理,根据最后一段的最后一句It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.(它也能引导不用像迈克杰克逊所接受的化学治疗而使得皮肤受损的改变皮肤的方法研究)可知本题答案为A选项.
73题答案:B细节理解题.依据文章第三段可知,科学家把一种色素基因植入斑马鱼的幼鱼体内,将其变成了金色,从而证明了和人类一样,斑马鱼的肤色也是由色素细胞决定的,由此可知B项正确.
74题答案:B细节理解题.依据文章第四段可知,像金斑马鱼一样,欧洲人产生黑色素的基因产生了突变,使得黑色素减少,才使他们肤色变浅了.由此可知B项正确.
75题答案:C推理判断题.依据文章最后一段的首句The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.这一发现有助于使用药物治疗来攻克皮肤癌.由此可知作者对这个发现持肯定的态度,故本题答案为C选项.
点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案.
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