题目内容


Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often when someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take action and reduce levels of dumped harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure to chromium. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.
Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.
Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.
Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.
57．What is mainly discussed in the text?
A The effect of every chemical.          
B．Problems of harmful waste.
C．Chemicals used for industrial processes.
D．Events related to waste chemicals.
58．From the text we know that ______.
A．chromium can poison people when there is a wind
B．chromium pollution makes the local government close the school
C．Some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste
D．about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment
59．Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?
A．Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.
B．People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste
C．Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.
D．People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.
60．The writer of the text thinks that ______.
A．governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals
B．mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people
C．industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much
D．everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
         
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Recently the World Health Organization announced that the disease of smallpox（天花）had almost been wiped out in most parts of the world, thanks to widespread vaccination（种牛痘）. Most people are vaccinated at least once in their lives and if they wish to travel from one country to another they must be able to prove that they have had a recent vaccination. In this way the disease has been prevented from spreading and today one seldom hears of it at all.
This is mainly because of the great discovery made by a village doctor, Edward Jenner, in about 1798 when he published his report of his new experiment called vaccination (from the word ‘vacca’ meaning a cow). Jenner discovered that people who worked with cattle often suffered from a harmless disease which they caught from the cattle, but these people never seemed to get smallpox. So he experimented by putting the disease into a small opening on the arms of healthy people, and though their arms became painful for a day or two, they soon recovered and none of these people ever got smallpox.
So the news of the wonderful discovery spread to other countries and people
rushed to their doctors to be vaccinated. In many countries the simple way to deal with the arm was done on thousands of people, and the terrible smallpox began to disappear.
71．Vaccination against smallpox has been so successful that _________ .
A．the discoverer made a large amount of money
B．Dr Jenner was given a prize by the World Health Organization
C．smallpox has almost disappeared in most countries
D．smallpox was no longer in existence on earth
72 ．Smallpox has been prevented from spreading through the following measures EXCEPT that _____.
A．most people were vaccinated against the disease at least once
B．people going abroad should promise not to spread the disease
C．people travelling from one country to another must prove they
are vaccinated
D．people must be vaccinated shortly before going to foreign countries
73 ．What led Dr Jenner to experiment with vaccination was that ________ .　
A．he wanted to make a great discovery and publish it
B．vaccination could make people's arms safe
C．he tried to cure the farmers of some disease caught from the cattle
D．those who worked with cattle seemed free from getting smallpox
74．The doctor's new discovery was called ‘vaccination’ for the reason that ________ .
A．he discovered smallpox near a farm
B．he experimented with a disease from the cattle
C．he was working with cattle in the countryside
D．people got the disease of smallpox from the cattle
75．The news of the discovery ________.
A．caught people's attention from all corners of the world
B．spread far and near in the western countries
C．made people rush to Dr Jenner for vaccination
D．helped to get rid of the terrible disease of smallpox

Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.
Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few
belongings and without so much as a note or a good--bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing
from home--the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others
rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a
different identity.
To those left behind, this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.
Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well
planned rather than impulsive. "It's typical of the kind of personality which seems
able to ignore other people's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself,is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty,upset and empty."
51. When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle________.
A. could not forgive him for taking the children
B. had been expecting it to happen for some time
C. could not understand why
D. blamed herself for what had happened
52. Most people who leave their families behind them___________.
A. do so without warning
B. do so because of their debts
C. come back immediately
D. change their names
53. Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse
Because_________.
A. their spouse would feel no pain during the death
B. their spouse death would not blow their pride and confidence
C. a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure
D. their spouse death would make them feel less painful
54. Which might be the best tire of the passage?
A. Broken Marriage      B. New life after Desertion
C. A New Social Problem  D. Desertion and its Influence
55. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Many people choose to leave home quietly because they hate their family.
B. Paul Brown regards leaving home as an act of selfishness.
C. Those who are left behind will lose confidence and won't marry again.
D. Eileen's husband, together with his four kids, were probably killed in an accident.                  
  Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by "Take only as directed"? Read the following directions and see if you understand them.
　　"To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片)with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask for your doctor's advice.
　　Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
小题1:How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?
A．Eight　　　　B．SixC．FourD．Three
小题2:How many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours?
A．Half a tablet.B．One tablet.
C．Two tablets .D．Four tablets.
小题3:What is the advice for one who cannot sleep well after taking the medicine?
A．Stop taking the medicine at bedtime.
B．Take less than the normal amount.
C．Take more than the normal amount.
D．Continue to take the normal amount.
小题4:It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine      .
A．helps you to fall asleep quickly
B．should not be taken by children under six　　
C．cannot be taken if one feels sleepy
D．may be dangerous to small children
Did you ever think someone was scary (恐怖的)because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety．We shouldn’t think badly of people from other cultures because they behave differently from us.
Sometimes we treat people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad．Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? It’s just equally unfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people have done.
So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:
①Find common ground!
Just remember that even though some people look different on the outside, that doesn’t change how they are on the inside．They still have the exact same feelings!
②________________
Because someone from another culture has been mean to you, you decide to avoid everyone from that culture．Well think about it．Why are you blaming them for something they didn’t have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes．How would you feel? Putting yourself inside someone else’s head can be a very powerful way to understand WHY they are acting the way they are.
③Try to make friends with people from other cultures!
You could ask them about their culture, or what it is like in their country, if they can remember, or if they have ever lived there．Try foods from their culture, or ask them about words in their language．You might be surprised at how interesting other cultures can be! You can join great discussion groups, participate in projects, and have lots of fun doing new things.
④Be aware that you’ve judged other people
If you know what you have done, it helps to make things better．Pay attention to what you think about other people．It helps.
小题1:What is mainly discussed in this passage?  
A．Why there are differences between people
B．What to do to understand other cultures
C．How people feel when they meet people from other cultures
D．The differences between people from different cultures
小题2:Which of the following can be put into the blank behind ②?
A．Avoid everyone from that culture!
B．Put all responsibilities on others!
C．Consider oneself first!
D．Don’t blame all because of one!
小题3:The underlined word “celebrate” most probably means “_______”.
A．feel proud ofB．express ideas of
C．praise and enjoyD．pay attention to
小题4:The following can be the better way to treat foreigners except_______.
A．join their discussion groupsB．try foods from their culture
C．avoid meeting themD．find common ground
Bean and other seed shoots are also known as sprouts (新芽). The dry bean seeds contain a store of nutrients just waiting to be released when they sprout. Under the right conditions they will germinate (发芽)。 As they grow, the food value of the seeds is multiplied into vitamins, minerals (矿物质) and other nutrients. This happens almost overnight!
It is easy to grow your own sprouts, but you need to buy your seeds from supermarkets or health food stores. Seeds for planting in the garden are often powdered with chemicals, so when becoming sprouts they are not safe to eat.
Try growing sprouts from a variety of beans and seeds. You will find different sprouts at different stages. Bean sprouts are best when they are about three centimeters long. Wheat and sunflower sprouts taste best when the sprouts and the seeds are of the same length. If the sunflower sprout is too long it leaves a funny stinging feeling in the throat after eating. Alfalfa sprouts are best when their small leaves are well developed. Pea and soybean sprouts are good long or short.
If you leave your sprouts in filtered sunlight for a few hours, the leaves will turn green as chlorophyll (叶绿素) is added. Eating sprouts with green leaves benefits your blood, cells, and the digestive system.
小题1:Which of the following sprouts taste good whether they are long or short?
A．Soybean sproutsB．Sunflower sprouts
C．Alfalfa sprouts D．Wheat sprouts
小题2:As sprouts grow, the food value of the seeds will_____.
A．increaseB．decreaseC．remain the sameD．lose
小题3:From the passage we know that______.
A．Long sunflower sprouts taste better than short ones
B．Eating too long sunflower sprouts will make you feel uncomfortable in the throat
C．Eating sprouts with green leaves will be harmful to your health
D．It takes a long time for the food value of the seeds to multiply
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Sprouts of seeds for planting in the garden may not be safe to eat.
B．Alfalfa sprouts taste best when their small leaves are more fully grown.
C．All sprouts taste best during the early stage of their growth.
D．Sunlight will make the leaves of sprouts green.

We arrived at the hospital only to find Dad weak, but his smile was as sure as ever. My husband and I had to work, so our relatives would help him get home from the hospital and look after him. But I wanted Dad to know that we cared about him, too, even when we weren’t with him.
Then I remembered a family tradition (传统) when our children were small. When leaving their grandparents’ home, each child would write a love note for their grandparents to find after we were gone. They hid notes in the food box, or even in the fridge. For days their grandparents would smile as they discovered these notes of the children’s love.
So as I cleaned Dad’s room downstairs before he got home, I began writing notes. Some showed my love. Most notes were in his room downstairs where he would be able to find, but one note was hidden upstairs under his pillow. “Dad, if you have found this note, you must be feeling better. We are so glad!”
My notes were a reminder (提醒的事物) of our love for Dad. Just like his medicines made him better physically (身体上), these would improve his mental (精神的) health. Several weeks later, I made a phone call to Dad and asked what he was doing. He said, “I’ll tell you what I’m doing. I am just reading the note you left under my pillow upstairs!”
64. Which of the following did the author NOT do for her father?
A. Writing notes.            B. Driving her father home. 
C. Making phone calls.       D. Helping to clean her father’s room.
65.  The underlined word “these” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “______”.
A. medicines             B. the relatives’ care and help
C. notes                    D. delicious foods
66. The author hid most notes _____.
A. in Dad’s room downstairs     B. in the food box
C. in the fridge               D. under Dad’s pillow upstairs
67. From the passage we can know the author’s notes couldn’t ______.
A. show her love for Dad            B. make Dad remember something
C. make Dad healthier mentally        D. improve Dad’s physical health
Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help to protect us from suffering the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective — as in happiness improving immune function — and subjective — as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,” explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional style itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality characteristics, self-felt health and emotional style. Those who had a tendency to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and aggressive had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal (鼻腔的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains or sneezing they had, while the researchers collected objective data. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal troubles, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
小题1:Which is the best title for the passage? ______
A．Stay Away from Being Negative
B．Positive or Negative？It’s Up to You.
C．Emotional Style and Flu.
D．Optimistic People Likely to Keep Diseases Away.
小题2: According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold may be that ______.
A．their cheerful mood benefits the immune system
B．they have developed a certain way against flu virus
C．they are less likely to have a sore throat and runny nose
D．they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health
小题3: The research is done by ______.
A．getting volunteers in one emotional group and analyzing them
B．conducting a medical experiment on volunteers of different emotional styles
C．collecting and analyzing volunteers’ objective nasal production data
D．having volunteers answer questions on personality, health and emotions

Someone asked me, “ what do you think of youth?” I showed him
a can of COKE. See this?
“C” means “courage”. There’s a seed in everyone’s heart. As long as you really keep watering it, it will grow and harvest. Courage gives us the power to follow our dreams. Believe in yourself and be prepared for anything in the future.
“O” stands for “optimism(乐观)”. When in trouble, some
people feel disappointed but some people still keep their dreams. Be sure to choose the latter. Life is very much like a mirror. If you smile on it, it smiles back on you. If you frown, you will get a similar look in return. Throw away the sadness in your hear while filling it with brightness and hope.
“K” can be understood as “knowledge”. In order to keep up with the times, we should use knowledge to enrich ourselves. Knowledge is the food of thought and, as long as it is put in our brain, we will grow wiser.
“E” is short for “enthusiasm(热情)”. Enthusiasm is the sign of youth. We use colorful and paint-brushes in our hands to create the pictures of youth on our own. Let the sky and sea know we’re young. Let our enthusiasm wherever we go.
Drink a can of COKE. You will find your youth as refreshing (有活力的) as a can of coke. Enjoy and value your youth.
1. In the passage, the word “COKE” refers to _______
A. a kind of drink young people enjoy
B. what young people should have
C. basic abilities young people need
D. young people’s confidence and pride
2. The seed in everyone’s heat in fact is __________
A. hope   B. knowledge    C. courage   D. imagination
3. According to the last paragraph, young people are _________
A. confident     B. optimistic    C. learned    D. enthusiastic

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