题目内容

Did you ever think someone was scary (恐怖的)because they looked different or ate strange food? Well, they might think the same about you! One of the things we all need to do is to celebrate variety．We shouldn’t think badly of people from other cultures because they behave differently from us.
Sometimes we treat people from other countries unfairly, because one person from that culture did something bad．Well, has your class ever been punished just because a few kids were causing trouble? Has your whole family ever been blamed for something your little sister did? It doesn’t seem fair, does it? It’s just equally unfair to blame a whole culture for what two or three people have done.
So here are some things that you can do to help yourself understand other cultures:
①Find common ground!
Just remember that even though some people look different on the outside, that doesn’t change how they are on the inside．They still have the exact same feelings!
②________________
Because someone from another culture has been mean to you, you decide to avoid everyone from that culture．Well think about it．Why are you blaming them for something they didn’t have anything to do with? Put yourself in their shoes．How would you feel? Putting yourself inside someone else’s head can be a very powerful way to understand WHY they are acting the way they are.
③Try to make friends with people from other cultures!
You could ask them about their culture, or what it is like in their country, if they can remember, or if they have ever lived there．Try foods from their culture, or ask them about words in their language．You might be surprised at how interesting other cultures can be! You can join great discussion groups, participate in projects, and have lots of fun doing new things.
④Be aware that you’ve judged other people
If you know what you have done, it helps to make things better．Pay attention to what you think about other people．It helps.
小题1:What is mainly discussed in this passage?  
A．Why there are differences between people
B．What to do to understand other cultures
C．How people feel when they meet people from other cultures
D．The differences between people from different cultures
小题2:Which of the following can be put into the blank behind ②?
A．Avoid everyone from that culture!
B．Put all responsibilities on others!
C．Consider oneself first!
D．Don’t blame all because of one!
小题3:The underlined word “celebrate” most probably means “_______”.
A．feel proud ofB．express ideas of
C．praise and enjoyD．pay attention to
小题4:The following can be the better way to treat foreigners except_______.
A．join their discussion groupsB．try foods from their culture
C．avoid meeting themD．find common ground

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C
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Many grown-ups worry that spending too much time playing video games isn’t good for a kid’s health. But some doctors have noticed that kids who bring their game players to the hospital seem less worried about being there. They also seem to feel less pain when they are giving all their attention on a car race or other games.
At a children’s center in Baltimore, Maryland, young kids are finding hospital visits easier to deal with, thanks to a test program called HOPE. Patients in HOPE have a life-threatening condition where their kidneys(肾) no longer get rid of wastes from their blood. To get their blood cleaned, these kids must use the dialysis (透析) machines at the hospital three times a week, for at least three hours each time. HOPE allows kids to play Internet sports, racing, and other games with each other. They will be able to connect with kids in other hospitals who have the same problem. “We want to use the Internet to bring together kids who are ill, and let them know they are not alone,” said Arun Mathews, the doctor of the program. He loved video games himself and got the idea to connect kids all over the country.
Many researchers elsewhere are testing video programs that might help young patients. For example, nine-year-old Ben Duskin of San Francisco, California, who was struggling with cancer helped to design a video game where players got rid of cancer cells.
That’s all great news, because doctors already know that reducing pain and worry helps patients heal(痊愈) faster.
小题1:
According to the passage, the sick kids may feel less pain when they _________.
A．use the dialysis machinesB．are in a car race
C．are playing video gamesD．stay alone with illness
小题2:
HOPE allows the sick kids to play Internet games in order to _________.
A．encourage them to fight against the illnessB．get rid of their pain and worry
C．let the kids make more friends D．bring the kids in the country together
小题3:
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Grown-ups all think video games are bad for kids’ health.
B．Some doctors think video games may help the sick kids reduce pain.
C．The HOPE is a famous organization all over the world.
D．Arun Mathews is against the testing program.
小题4:
Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Video Games Are Bad for HealthB．Video Games May Help Reduce Pain
C．A Famous American OrganizationD．HOPE Allows Kids to Play Online Games
Treatment for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving anti-retroviral drugs(抗逆转录病毒药物). But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease researcher from Harvard.
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out（逐步淘汰）. However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
小题1: Which is the best title for the passage?
A．HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries
B．Rochelle Walensky’s Life
C．International Pressure to Drug Makers
D．Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives
小题2: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now.
B．The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense.
C．Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out .
D．First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease.
小题3: The research is done by         .
A．using computer programs and collecting data from clinics
B．giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS
C．urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier
D．publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine
小题4: The passage serves as a（n）___________ to Rochelle Walensky 's study.
A．assessmentB．commentC．introductionD．background
Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house．A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health．This new theory argues that healing （the process of becoming healthy and strong again） is at our fingertips：we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis．

Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven．They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga，Tai Chi．These waste our time，something that is quite precious in our material world．There is medicine that can kill our pain and x-rays that show us our broken bones．We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide．However, there are some “everyday complaints”such as back pains，headaches，which are treated currently with medicine．When you have a headache，you take an Aspirin；when you cannot sleep，you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these．When you use these pills for a long period，you become dependent on them；you cannot sleep without them．We pay huge amounts of money but never get better．How about a safer and more economical way of healing?When doing Reiki to yourself，you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical．Also，there are no side effects and it is scientifically explained．
They also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV／AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs．They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine．How can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair and weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take．Actually，instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects，you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life，find an emotional balance，leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries．
Some people may still hold that in our material world，everything depends on time．How
would it be possible to find time to do Reiki?In fact，Reiki does not require more than 15 minutes of our time．It is less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well．
小题1:The author's attitude towards Reiki is        ．
A．uninterestedB．serious
C．positiveD．doubtful
小题2:Which statement does the passage lead you to believe?
A．Reiki will soon become the most popular exercise around the world．
B．Reiki is an effective treatment but not scientifically explained．
C．Reiki can make people less dependent on drugs．
D．Reiki is a kind of cheap drug but works well．
小题3:How many advantages of Reiki are mentioned in the last two paragraphs?
A．One．B．Three．C．Five．D．Seven．
小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? 
A．A New Way of Treating Illness．
B．Health and Healing at Your Fingers．
C．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Reiki．
D．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Medicine．
If you have to miss one meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If they have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip (not to eat) breakfast.
However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast (the meal which “breaks” your “fast---- a period of time without eating anything ” which started the night before) to be the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with vigor and hopefully with good humour. But many people skip breakfast or replace it with snacks or a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?
One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females who ranged in age from 12—83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they had to skip breakfast completely. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance tests, were set up to analyze how well the participants’ bodies functioned when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.
The result showed that if a person eats an adequate (充足的) breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfasts or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental activity. The study showed that if schoolchildren eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate .
The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you are on a diet, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.
小题1:According to the passage, we can safely say _____.
A．if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all
B．if you skip breakfast, you won’t eat much for lunch either.
C．skipping breakfast won’t do a bit of harm
D．skipping breakfast will help one lose weight
小题2:In the word “breakfast”, “fast” probably means _____.
A．“moving quickly”B．“going without food ”
C．“unlikely to go fast”D．“fast food ”
小题3:Special tests were organized to analyze how participants’ bodies functioned when ______.
A．they had skipped breakfasts B．they had had breakfasts
C．they had eaten special breakfasts D．they had had all three meals
I clearly remember my mom telling me to drink milk every day—one glass in the morning and another at night. I also remember loving it while my sister thought quite the opposite—she would surreptitiously pour her milk into the sink or water the plants with it! I guess I should thank my mom for making us drink a lot of milk, so rich in calcium(钙), during those important years.
Today, calcium shortage is one of the main concerns of women in their 30s or even early 20s. The great fear is that when we reach our 50s or 60s, osteoprosis(骨质疏松症)will set in. That is why you can see a lot of advertisements for products supposedly containing a lot of calcium.
Because calcium is not that easy to acquire from the food we normally eat, busy women these days should take calcium supplements(补充物). There are a lot of different forms of these---calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)，oyster(牡蛎)shell or bone-meal-based calcium supplements.
You have to be careful when choosing which kind to take. This is because calcium is not easily absorbed by the body. So the fact that you are taking supplements doesn’t mean that the body is actually benefiting from them. Different supplements may have different instructions on dosage(剂量)and manner of intake. You can ask your doctor to help you determine which supplement is the best for your needs.
小题1:From what the author’s mother did we may infer that___________________.
A．her children had osteoporosis
B．she knew her children would benefit from milk
C．she must have suffered from osteorosis
D．she didn’t like her daughter who didn’t obey her order
小题2: Based on the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．The author’s sister will suffer from osteoprosis when reaches her 50s or 60s
B．Many businessmen have already been selling products supposedly containing calcium.
C．We can’t get enough calcium only from food we eat every day
D．Women as young as their 20s should be concerned about calcium shortage
小题3:What does the underlined word “surreptitiously” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．HonestlyB．FranklyC．SecretlyD．Curiously
小题4:We may infer from the last paragraph that____________________.
A．what one chooses as a calcium supplement might not work
B．one shouldn’t take in calcium without the permission of a doctor
C．the more calcium supplements one uses, the more calcium one can take in
D．it is dangerous to use calcium supplements without the guidance
If you give something to someone for free, will that person value it and use it? Development experts have debated this question for decades. Some think the act of paying causes people to value something and use it more.
Selling necessary health treatments, others argue, may deny them to the people who need them the most.
Consider, for example, chemically treated bed nets, which kill mosquitoes anti protect people against malaria(疟疾)while they are sleeping. William Easterly, an economist at New York University, believes this is one example of development having gone wrong. In a recent book, Professor Easterly suggests bed nets given free in Africa are often used for the wrong purpose. Yet, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends bed nets be given out free and used by whole communities. The success of a large free bed net campaign in Kenya led the WHO to announce this recommendation
This debate will likely influence social programs in the developing world. Many non-governmental organizations support the creation of self-supporting programs in poor countries. Goods and services are sold for a price to help these programs survive.
According to Rachel Glenerster, who runs a research lab doing development and poverty studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, her several studies have proven that small price changes have a big influence on the number of people who use a product. A price change will reduce the total amount of use of the product as well, she says. She has also found no evidence that the very act of paying for something changes how people use it.
As for a particular product among special populations, some development experts argue that pricing is useful. When it comes to bed nets, Miss Glenerster says research shows no evidence of this. People are just as likely to use a bed net whether they paid for it or not.
小题1: The debate among experts focuses on      .
A．a special use of bed nets in Africa
B．the use of assistance-related products
C．the importance of social programs for the poor
D．a popular way to help the poor
小题2: According to some experts, certain health treatments       .
A．can only be sold to the richB．should be completely free
C．are too expensiveD．are not needed by the poor
小题3:What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．The WHO's advice may not be always practical.
B．Many Africans don't know the function of bed nets.
C．The case of Kenya is doubtful.
D．Bed nets given to Africans are poor in quality.
小题4: What may be the possible change in the social program according to the third paragraph?
A．Some of them may become financially independent.
B．Many of them will not be organized by the government.
C．Some of them will go to developed countries.
D．Most of them will be free of charge.

Chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. The amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. Over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world wide. Around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. Often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.
Every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. Sadly, it is often when someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take action and reduce levels of dumped harmful waste. In 1989, a school in New Jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure to chromium. It was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.
Research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. Because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.
Some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. They are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.
Not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. They can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. Many scientists think that waste production can be cut. The waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.
57．What is mainly discussed in the text?
A The effect of every chemical.          
B．Problems of harmful waste.
C．Chemicals used for industrial processes.
D．Events related to waste chemicals.
58．From the text we know that ______.
A．chromium can poison people when there is a wind
B．chromium pollution makes the local government close the school
C．Some governments don’t realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste
D．about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment
59．Which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?
A．Chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.
B．People can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste
C．Policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.
D．People choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.
60．The writer of the text thinks that ______.
A．governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals
B．mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people
C．industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much
D．everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals

B
Rome-Doctors and medical groups around the world last weekend reacted with strong opposition to the news that an Italian specialist is on the point of cloning the first human baby．　　
Dr．Severino Antinori, who is the head of a hospital in Rome, has been referred to in an Arab newspaper as claiming that one of his patients is eight weeks pregnant （怀孕的）with a cloned baby．　　
Antinori refused to comment on the reports, but in March 2001 he said he hoped to produce a cloned embryo （卵）for implantation within two years．So far seven different kinds of mammals have already successfully cloned, including sheep, cats and most recently rabbits．　　
Doctors showed their doubt and were strongly opposed although they admit that human cloning would finally come true unless there was a world wide ban on the practice．　　
Professor Rudolf Jaenisch of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said: “I find it astonishing that people do this where the result can be foretold that it will not be a normal baby．It is using humans as guinea pigs．It makes people feel sick．” But Ronald Green, director of the Ethics institute at Darmouth College in the US, said it is unlikely that an eight-week-old pregnancy would lead to a birth．　　
So far all cloned animals have suffered from some different serious disorders, many of them dying soon after their births ．　　
Doctors are opposed to human cloning because they are worried about the welfare of the cloned child if there is one．　　
“There are no benefits of cloned human beings, just harm,”said Dr．Michael Wilks of the UK．
45．What is the doctors’ general attitude to cloning of humans according to the passage?
A．They are against it．                    B．They support it．
C．They welcome it．                          D．They pay no attention to it．
46．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
　  A．Doctor Severino Antinori is strongly opposed to cloning human beings．
　  B．Up to now, seven kinds of animals have been cloned, including sheep, cats, humans and rabbits．
　  C．Professor Rudolf Jaenisch is carrying on an experiment on cloning an eight-week-old embryo．
　  D．Ronald Green doubts about the future successful birth of the so-called cloned embryo．
47．Which is the best title for the passage?
　  A．The Success of Cloning Humans           B．The Anger at Cloning Humans
　  C．Failure of Cloning Humans             D．First Cloned Human?

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