题目内容

【题目】 The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators—vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.

The minimum distance from people and fishing which had no measurable effect was 1,250 kilometers. This is far further than previous studies have suggested and probably reflects the increased distances fishing boats can now travel. As a result, sharks were only observed at 12% of sites monitored.

Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. Just 13% of the world's oceans can be considered 'wilderness' but sharks and other predators are much more common and significantly larger at distances greater than 1,250 kilometers from people. This suggests that large marine predators are generally unable to thrive near to people and is another clear example of the impact of human overuse on our seas. '

To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, selected to test the biggest possible range of conditions and habitats. Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. In total, the team recorded 23,200 animals representing 109 species. These included 841 individual sharks from 19 different species.

Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. However, there are still numerous shallow hot spots near human markets that are not appropriately protected, and this must change. '

1According to the study, what happened to sharks and other marine predators?

A.They became less important for keeping healthy ocean ecosystems.

B.They only lived near cities with 10,000 people.

C.They loved swimming after fishing boats.

D.Their average body size and number decreased sharply.

2Which of the following statements may Dr. Tom Letessier agree with?

A.Large marine predators can grow well near people.

B.People shouldn't disturb the sea and sea animals.

C.Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.

D.Other ecological factors have no impact on sharks’ distribution.

3What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A.Introduce a new topic for readers.

B.Introduce the study means used by the team.

C.Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D.Collect data about sharks and other predators.

4What can we infer about the perfect environment for marine predator diversity?

A.It should be deeper than 500 meters.

B.It should be spots that are hot enough.

C.It should be shallower and away from humans.

D.It should be spots changed from human markets.

【答案】

1D

2C

3B

4C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。研究发现人类活动是造成鲨鱼和海洋其它捕食者身体大小和数量骤降的主要原因。为了海洋捕食者的多样性,我们应该找到远离人类的浅水地区,并且将它们保护起来。

1

细节理解题。根据第一段的The study, published today in the journal PLOS Biology shows that the average body size and number of sharks and other marine predators vital to maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems—fell significantly near cities with more than 10,000 people and associated fishing boats.(今天发表在PLOS Biology杂志的研究表明,在超过1万人的城市和有渔船的地方,鲨鱼和其它海洋猎食者的平均大小和数量都急剧下降了)可知,该研究表明鲨鱼和其它海洋猎食动物的大小和数量都急剧减少。D. Their average body size and number decreased sharply.(他们的平均大小和数量都急剧减少)符合以上说法,故选D项。

2

细节理解题。根据第三段的Lead author Dr. Tom Letessier said, 'Human activity is now the biggest influence on sharks' distribution. (该研究的主要作者汤姆.莱迪斯博士说:“人类活动目前对鲨鱼分布的影响最大……”)可知,Dr. Tom Letessier 认为鲨鱼的分布主要受人类活动的影响。C. Sharks’ distribution was mainly affected by human activity.(鲨鱼的分布主要受人类活动的影响)符合以上说法,故选C项。

3

主旨大意题。根据第四段的主要内容,尤其是To collect their data, the team analyzed videos taken at 1,041 sites across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, Sharks and other free-swimming predators were studied using cameras attached cannisters(炮筒)filled with bait. (为了收集数据,该研究小组分析了在横跨印度洋和太平洋的1041个地点拍摄的视频……鲨鱼和其它猎食者通过使用附加了充满诱饵的炮筒的相机进行研究。)可知,本段的主要目的是介绍该团队研究鲨鱼的方法。B. Introduce the study means used by the team.(介绍团队研究鲨鱼的方法)符合以上说法,故选B项。

4

推理判断题。根据最后一段的Dr. Letessier added, 'Our study also found that shallower water environment, of depths less than 500 meters, were vital for marine predator diversity. We therefore need to identify sites that are both shallow and remote and protect them. (Letessier博士补充说:“我们的研究还发现,深度不到500米的潜水环境对海洋捕食者的多样性来说是至关重要的。因此,我们需要找出那些既浅又偏远的地点,并加以保护”)可推测,远离人类的浅水环境对海洋猎食者多样性有好处。C. It should be shallower and away from humans.(它应该在远离人类的浅水区)符合以上说法,故选C项。

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【题目】 An increasing part of the world is becoming artificially lit. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night. But some scientists argue that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间的) animals and even for human health.

Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by about 2.2 percent a year, according to a study published last November in Science Advances. However, the measurement does not include light from most of the energy–efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor (钠气灯) technology in cities all over the world ,says Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.

The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIRS). It can measure long wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disturb human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior.

The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U.S. to register as having stable levels of lighting in the VIIRS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting.

In 2016, a study showed that one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. Overall, counties' total light production correlated with their GDP.

1Which of the following can best describe artificial light?

A.Convenient but unnatural.B.Useful but energy-consuming.

C.Progressive but uncomfortable.D.Civilized but harmful.

2What can we know about the already bright countries?

A.Traditional lighting is not used in those countries.

B.LED lights are increasingly used in those countries.

C.Efforts to reduce harmful light work in those countries.

D.People do enjoy stable lighting in those countries.

3Why does the author mention “the median nation” in the last paragraph?

A.To show artificial light has an association with GDP.

B.To demonstrate GDP plays an important part in the median nation.

C.To stress the median nation was to blame for the light problem.

D.To suggest artificial light should be banned in the future.

4Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A.A biology textbook.B.A book review.

C.A science magazine.D.A science fiction.

【题目】 My son was playing with a bottle of bubbles. Dip the loop in the bottle, pull it out, and blow it to make bubbles. He understood the principle but was vainly _______ to blow bubbles. He would dip and dip and blow and blow, but alas, no _______. He _______ me the bottle and loop and asked me, “Daddy, can you make bubbles?”

I hadn’t blown bubbles in years. I am a _______ by education, fairly well-trained in surfactant (活性剂) technology. However, all that knowledge is completely _______. I was having no more _______ than my son. I dipped and puffed, _______ no bubbles.

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1A.tryingB.managingC.expectingD.acting

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5A.out of dateB.of no useC.in doubtD.in trouble

6A.trialB.confidenceC.patienceD.success

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11A.escapedB.floatedC.burstD.bounced

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13A.freedB.fueledC.containedspan style="width:54.74pt; display:inline-block; -aw-tabstop-align:left; -aw-tabstop-pos:311.45pt">D.reduced

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【题目】 Do you want to go to Spain to experience its festivals in spring? If you do, here are some that are worth experiencing.

15-19 March: Las Fallas Festival, valencia

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23 April: Saint George Festival, Barcelona

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30 April to 7 May: Feria de Sevilla, Seville

Spring Fair, the Feria, is a joyful festival with masses of food, drink, music and dancing. To the west of the city a huge area is given over to the creating a small 'town' of tents for drinking, eating and socializing. Most of the tents are private and invitation only but there are seven public ones.

Mid-May: Fiesta de San Isidro, Madrid

It's Madrid's largest festival. Music and dancing is everywhere with Latin rhythms happening at concerts all over the city. The festival starts with a grand procession of giants, followed by an opening speech in the Plaza Mayor. Over the next few days, entertainment takes over the city's public spaces.

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A.Statues are burned during the party.B.American President displays his statues.

C.It is held to burn things for good luck.D.People only party at home with bonfires.

2What do men do on St George's Day?

A.Give their girls a book as a gift.B.Join a grand procession of giants.

C.Express their love to their lovers.D.Pray to St George for a happy marriage.

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A.On 23 April.B.On 15 March.

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【题目】 As a famous doctor, Sigmund Freud has problems telling his left from his right. He writes in his diary: I do not know whether it is obvious to other people which is their own or other’s right or left. In my case, I have to think which is my right and no organic feeling tells me. To make sure which is my right hand, I have to make a few writing movements quickly.

Neuroscientist Eric Chudler at the University of Washington referred to a recent study where 71 of 364 (19.5 percent) college professors and 311 of 1,185 (26.2 percent) college students said that they occasionally, frequently or all of the time had difficulty when they had to quickly identify right from left. Chudler told The Washington Post that 95 percent of the 3,719 people who tried his test reported more difficulty with left/right than with up/down.

In most cases, left/right confusion is rarely a big deal. But knowing your directions obviously can be critical if you’re a surgeon or a pilot. That’s why in key situations, there are plans in place to minimize(使减到最少)the chance of problems. In a health care situation, someone may write “not this leg” on a limb(肢), for example. And in the air, because distractions(分心)can cause any number of errors, pilots must avoid all non—essential conversation during the critical phases of flight.

Experts say that right/left confusion doesn’t mean you’re not smart. But scientists aren’t totally sure what causes the right/left confusion. There does, however, seem to be a link between right/left confusion and brain lateralization(偏侧性)—the fact that the right and left halves of the brain each control unique functions.

There may, however, be an association with gender(性别). Several studies have found that women are more likely than men to say they are sometimes unable to distinguish between their right and their left. But some researchers say that’s only because women are more likely than men to admit they may have a problem.

1According to Sigruund Freud’s diary, he .

A.can’t tell the right directly

B.doesn’t know which is his right hand

C.is more foolish than other people

D.isn’t satisfied with his organic feeling

2Eric Chudler mentions the numbers in Paragraph 2 to tell us that .

A.it is easy to tell up from down

B.left/right is as important as up/down

C.many people have trouble with left/right

D.most people can judge left/right easily

3Which of the following may be the important moment of flight according to the text?

A.When the plane is taking off.

B.When the plane is coming down.

C.When the pilot is talking with others.

D.When the pilot is judging the directions.

4Where can you probably read the text?

A.In a private diary.B.In a science fiction.

C.In a latest newspaper.D.In a fashion magazine.

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