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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Researchers have shown that your talent for happiness is, to a large degree, determined by your genes(基因). 1. We can do this by overcoming negative emotions and developing positive emotions.

Strategy(策略)1: 2.

The first step is to make a choice to be happy. In Seeking Happiness, Bertrand Russell said, “Happiness must be an achievement rather than a gift of the gods, and in this achievement, effort must play a great part.”

Once you’ve decided to be happier, you can choose strategies for achieving happiness.

Strategy 2: Develop gratitude(感激).

In Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman encourages readers to perform a daily “gratitude exercise”. 3.

Strategy 3: Remember, money can’t buy happiness.

Research shows: 4. Yes, “we always think that some things are wrong because they cannot bring us happiness.” writes Daniel Gilbert in Stumbling on Happiness.

Strategy 4: Take part in meaningful activities.

“People are seldom happier,” says Jackson, “than when they’re doing meaningful activities.”

Yet, he has found that the most common leisure(休闲)activity — watching TV — produces some of the lowest levels of happiness. 5. Active leisure that helps a person grow does not come easily, he writes in Finding Flow.

A. Choose to be happy.

B. Seek happiness.

C. However, psychologists believe we can pursue happiness.

D. This drives bitterness from our heart, and promotes happiness.

E. Happiness is decided by many things.

F. To get more out of life, we need to put more into it.

G. More money doesn’t often bring more happiness.

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If you know something is bad for you, why can’t you just stop? About 70% of smokers say they would like to stop. Drug and alcohol abusers (滥用者) struggle to give up the bad habits that hurt their bodies and destroy families and friendships. And many of us have unhealthy weight that we could lose if only we would eat right and exercise more. So why don’t we do it?

Some scientists have been searching for answers. They’ve studied what happens in our brains as habits form. They’ve found answers to why bad habits, once formed, are so difficult to kick. And they’re developing ways to help us make the changes we’d like to make.

Habits are a normal part of life, and are often helpful. “ We wake up every morning, shower, comb our hair or brush our teeth without being aware of it,” Volkow says. We can drive along familiar routes without really thinking about the directions. “When behaviors become automatic(不加思索的), it gives us an advantage, because the brain does not have to perform the action on purpose.” Volkow says. This frees up our brains to focus on different things.

One way to kick bad habits is to focus on your unhealthy habits. Then try your best to stop them. For example, habits can be linked in our minds to certain places and activities. You could develop a plan, say, to avoid walking down the hall where there’s a candy machine. Try to avoid going places where you’ve usually smoked. Stay away from friends and situations linked to problem drinking or drug use.

Another helpful way is to replace unhealthy habits with new, healthy ones. “It doesn’t work for everyone,” Volkow says. “But certain groups of patients who have a history of taking a drug can do something else like running and it helps them stay away from drugs.”

1.In the first paragragh the writer mainly wants to tell us ______.

A. we should stop something bad for us

B. most smokers would like to stop smoking

C. bad habits are really difficult to give up

D. eating right and exercise more can lose weight

2.Scientists studied what happened in our brains as habits form in order to______.

A. find answers to solve the problem

B. find ways to form good habits

C. kick their own bad habits

D. help us see how bad habits form

3. If you want to kick bad habits you’d better_______.

A. focus on them on purpose

B. go to the places linked with them

C. do something linked with them

D. ask your friends for help

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Breaking bad habits.

B. Forming good habits.

C. Finding reasons for bad habits

D. Replacing bad habits with good ones.

Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself. Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, you’ve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Surely we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes, and that our Grandmas think we’re great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.

Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.

The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don’t allow doubts to occur in it.

It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think you’re silly because you aren’t good at math, find a tutor. If you think you’re weak because you can’t run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think you’re dull because you don’t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesn’t mean it’s true.

The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat yourself on the back, you’ll know you’re well on your way. Good luck!

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build a positive self-image.

B. How to face challenges in your life.

C. How to prepare for your success.

D. How to develop you good qualities.

2.You need to build a positive self-image when you .

A. dare to challenge yourself

B. feel it hard to change yourself

C. are unconfident about yourself

D. have a high opinion of yourself

3.How should you change your self-image according to the passage?

A. To keep a different image of others.

B. To understand your own world.

C. To change the way you think.

D. To make your life successful.

4.According to the passage, our self-images .

A. have different function B. are probably untrue

C. have positive effects D. are often changeable

Every few years comes a fitness trend that has people scratching their heads in amazement. “Crunning” will probably be one of them. The “c” stands for “crawling”(爬行). This new sport needs two-legged humans running on all fours!

The funny idea is the brainchild of Shaun McCarthy. The 34-year-old is convinced that it will revolutionize fitness as we know it. According to the sports enthusiast, “The only thing that crunning’s changed about fitness is that it’s changed everything about fitness.”

Mccarthy has no scientific evidence to prove that crunning is more efficient than traditional two-legged running. However, he believes it is a more effective way to exercise because it puts an emphasis on the shoulders and arms, providing a complete body workout. Mccarthy also says crunning seems to tire him out more. He therefore concludes that the unconventional exercise is a bigger calorie burner than normal running.

While experts generally agree that crunning may provide a better workout, many are not sure if it is the right exercise for humans. Fitness coach Kevin Dean says we are not built to be on all fours and our wrists are therefore not as strong as our ankles. He believes crunning, which he calls a fad(时尚), could result in bad wrist and shoulder injuries, not to mention broken noses.

But McCarthy is not worried. Since the release of his crunning video a few weeks ago, many Melbourne residents have been seen scampering around on all fours. As it turns out they are not the only ones. In the Chinese city of Zhengzhou, crawling, a much slower version of crunning, has been a favorite activity for many years. According to some enthusiasts, the light exercise that is believed to date back two thousand years to the Han Dynasty, is good for curing back and spine ailments.

Ready to give crunning try? Then Mccarthy recommends investing in some good shoes, hardy gloves and most important of all, a face mask!

1.What can we learn about crawling according to Kevin Dean?

A. Our ankles are stronger than our wrists.

B. Crawling is an efficient way to work out.

C. The city of Zhengzhou is the origin of crawling.

D. Crawling can burn more calories than normal running.

2.What does the author think of crunning?

A. Dangerous. B. Interesting.

C. Beneficial. D. Unbelievable.

3.Why does McCarthy suggest people wearing a face mask when crunning?

A. To amuse other people.

B. To avoid being recognized.

C. To protect the nose from being injured.

D. To prevent sweat dropping on the ground.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. A new way of crawling.

B. A new trend of exercising.

C. A scientific discovery.

D. A traditional way to keep fit.

On July 12, 1997, Malala Yousafzai was born in Mingora, Pakistan, located in the country's Swat Valley.

Yotsafzai attended a school that her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, had founded. After the Taliban began attacking girl schools in Swat, Malala gave a speech in Peshawar, Pakistan, in September 2008. The title of her talk was, "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?"

When she was 14, Malala and her family learned that the Taliban had issued a death threat against her. Though Malala was frightened for the safety of her father——an anti-Taliban activist-she and her family initially felt that the fundamentalist group would not actually harm a child.

On October 9, 2012, on her way home from school, a man boarded the bus Malala was riding in and demanded to know which girl was Malala. When her friends looked toward Malala, her location was given away. The gunman fired at her, hitting Malala in the left side of her head. Two other girls were also injured in the attack.

Despite the Taliban's threats, Yousafzai remains a firm advocate for the power of education. On October 10, 2013, in acknowledgement of her work, the European Parliament awarded Yousafzai the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought. That same year, she was nominated (提名) for a Nobel Peace Prize. She didn't win the prize, but was named a nominee again in March 2014.

Malala Yousafzai's Speech at the United Nations (Excerpt)

Dear brothers and sisters, do remember one thing. Malala Day is not my day. Today is the day of every woman, every boy and every girl who have raised their voice for their rights. There are hundreds of human rights activists and social workers who are not only speaking for human rights, but who are struggling to achieve their goals of education, peace and equality.Thousands of people have been killed by the terrorists and millions have been injured.I am just one of them.

Dear sisters and brothers, now it’s time to speak up.

So today, we call upon the world leaders to change their strategic policies in favour of peace and prosperity:

We call upon the world leaders that all the peace deals must protect women and children's rights.

We call upon all governments to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the world.

We call upon all governments to fight against terrorism and violence, to protect children from brutality and harm.

We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of educational opportunities for girls in the developing world.

We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave—to embrace (拥抱) the strength within themselves and realise their full potential.

1.Which of the following adjectives can best describe Malala according to this passage?

A. Independent and knowledgeable.

B. Stubborn and trustworthy.

C. Courageous and persistent.

D. Aggressive and sympathetic.

2.Malala was shot for the reason that ________.

A. she didn't behave herself on the bus

B. she fought against the Taliban

C. she appealed for girls' rights to education

D. her father was an anti-Taliban activist

3.What can we infer from Malala's speech at the United Nations?

A. Malala Day is an international day for all the boys and girls.

B. Many girls in developing countries cannot receive education.

C. Many country leaders have changed their policies to protect women and children's rights.

D. Human rights activists are people just calling for equal rights for all the people in the world.

4.We can learn from the passage that ________.

A. the Taliban attacked Ziauddin Yousafzai's school for girls

B. the Taliban caught Malala's father for his fight against the Taliban

C. the Taliban shot Malala in the head on her way to school

D. local people lived in the shadow of the Taliban

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