Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters asking for admission(录取)to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. She was so determined that she taught school and gave music lessons to get money for the cost of schooling.

In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon(外科医师) , but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.

Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first woman physician and founding her own hospital, she also set up the first medical school for women.

1.Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?

A. She couldn’t get admitted to medical school.

B. She decided to further her education in Paris.

C. A serious eye problem stopped her.

D. It was difficult for her to start a practice in the United States.

2.What main obstacle(障碍) almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming for a doctor?

A. She was a woman.

B. She wrote too many letters.

C. She couldn’t graduate from medical school.

D. She couldn’t set up her hospital.

3.How many years passed between her graduation from medical school and the opening of

her hospital?

A. Eight years B. Ten years

C. Nineteen years D. Thirty-six years

4.According to the passage, all of the following are “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell, except that she ______.

A. became the first woman physician.

B. was the first woman doctor

C. and several other women founded the first hospital for women and children

D. set up the first medical school for women

Things An Air Hostess Won't Tell You

To make things a bit easier for them and ensure a smooth flight, many Flight attendants have little tricks under their sleeves. Here are some of them which they won't tell you out of sheer politeness.

1.

Contrary to what most people think, a flight attendant's primary job is to ensure your safety - the helping and serving part of their job are just add-ons. If they are assisting you with your luggage, it is to make sure it is stored properly and does not harm anyone. They are not required to lift your bags or help you take them elsewhere. All the other assistance, such as providing you with a drink, handing you hot towels, etc., are to make sure you stay calm and satisfied.

2.

As unfair as it may seem, the time that a flight attendant spends in getting the plane ready, settling you down, etc., is not included in their salary. They do, however, receive some expense allowance(津贴) for the entire time they clock in - it is a pretty small income though

3.

If a flight attendant feels a passenger is ordering too many drinks, and getting drunk, they might avoid serving him/her by avoiding eye contact. When that fails, they might just fill the glass half-way or give him/her a diluted (稀释的) drink

4.

A number of training programs and workshops exist to train flight attendants in different aspects. As some people are using flights more and more to smuggle (走私), flight attendants are being regarded as the first line of defense against this heinous (邪恶的)crime. The benefits are already evident - a number of dangers are avoided, thanks to alert(警惕的) flight attendants on board.

5.

This is a bit unfortunate for those sitting at the back of the plane, but nevertheless true. As the attendants start serving from the front of the plane to the back, the variety of drinks or meals might go down. This is because a plane has limited space, only a certain number of items can be stored, and by the time they get to the back of the plane, they run out of at least a few of the options.

A. Sitting at the back means fewer food options.

B. Flight attendants get paid only for flight hours.

C. Flight attendants' job is to keep passengers safe.

D. Flight attendants might water down your drinks.

E. Flight attendants are trained to identify criminals.

F. The seat-belt sign is “on” far longer than necessary.

My husband and I got married in 1965 and for the first ten years of our marriage I was very happy to ______ home and raise our three children.Then four years ago,our youngest ______ went to school and I thought I might go back to ______.

My husband was very ______and helped me to make my decision.He pointed out all of the things I can do around the ______,and said he thought I could be a great ______ in business.After several weeks of job?hunting,I found my ______job,which is working for a small public relations firm.At first,my husband was very ______ of me and would tell his friends,“My clever little wife can ______ that company she’s working for.”

But as his joking words were close to ______,my husband stopped talking to me about my job.I have received several promotions and pay increases,and I am now ______ more money than he is.I can buy my ______ clothes and a new car.Because of our joint incomes,my husband and I can do many things that we had always ______ of doing,but we don’t do these things because he is very ______.

We ______ about little things and my husband is very critical of me in front of our friends.For the first time in our marriage,I think there is a possibility that our marriage may come to a(n) ______.

I love my husband very much,and I don’t want him to ______ lower,but I also love my job.I think I can be a good wife and a working woman,but I don’t know ______.Can you give me some ______?Will I have to choose one or the other or can I keep both my ______ and my new career?

1.A. look B. stay C. see D. study

2.A. person B. man C. child D. lady

3.A. school B. factory C. study D. work

4.A. restricted B. opposite C. disappointed D. supportive

5.A. group B. house C. firm D. husband

6.A. success B. failure C. mother D. helper

7.A. awkward B. convenient C. useful D. present

8.A. warm B. fond C. proud D. comfortable

9.A. run B. walk C. hire D. sell

10.A. awareness B. beliefs C. reality D. ambition

11.A. making B. building C. producing D. growing

12.A. cheap B. own C. important D. incredible

13.A. agreed B. believed C. dreamed D. supposed

14.A. unhappy B. confident C. discouraging D. certain

15.A. communicate B. strike C. fight D. change

16.A. absence B. end C. exam D. question

17.A. gain B. add C. feel D. suffer

18.A. what B. where C. why D. how

19.A. duties B. advice C. fun D. enjoyment

20.A. husband B. child C. friendship D. boss

You Skate, They Donate, We Can Fill a Plate

This holiday season, Contra Costa Oncology has once again partnered with Walnut Creek on Ice to help raise funds for the Food Bank. For every ice skating ticket that is collected, Contra Costa Oncology will donate to the Food Bank. For more information, visit www.icesktewalnutcreek.com

Souper Bowl of Caring

Help fight against hunger! The Souper Bowl of Caring is a national movement of youth working to fight against hunger. Churches, schools and other organizations simply take up a collection(many use a soup pot) asking for one dollar or for a food item for people in need.

For more information, call Kimberly at (925)676-7543 x 252.

Family Food Sort---Fairfield

Look to do something fun and meaningful with your children? Do you want to introduce your young family members to the charity? Families will bag fresh vegetables for the Food Bank’s Produce Program. This is a first come, first served opportunity, and the number is limited to 30 people at a time. All volunteers must be scheduled.

For more information, visit foodbankccs. org/familyfoodsort.

Dutch Luv Day!

Dutch Bros. Coffee in Oakley and Fairfield will be joining in Dutch Luv Day. On Valentine’s Day, Dutch Bros. will be spreading the love by donating $ 1 to the Food Bank for every drink sold. Not only will you get a delicious drink, you will also get the satisfaction of knowing that you are helping your neighbors in need of food.

Fairfield Location:

1420 W Texas St, Fairfield, CA 94533

Oakley Location:

1092 Main St, Oakley, CA 94561

1.What’s the common aim of the four activities?

A. To educate the poor B. To collect more food

C. To fight against disease. D. To help people in need

2.If you want to give away fresh vegetables, you should______.

A. visit www. iceskatewalnutcreek. com

B. visit foodbankccs. org/family foodsort

C. call Kimberly at (925) 676-7543 x 252

D. go to 1092 Main St, Oakley, CA 94561

3.Which activity probably requires people to sign up in advance?

A. Dutch Luv Day!

B. Souper Bowl of Caring

C. Family Food Sort—Fairfield

D. You Skate. They Donate. We Can Fill a Plate.

4.What can you do for the charity work on Valentine’s Day in Oakley?

A. Go to skate B. Go to churches

C. Drink at Dutch Bros. Coffee D. Buy fresh vegetables in Fairfield

Science textbooks around the world have become suddenly out of date. Four new chemical elements(元素)have been added to the periodic table. A big decision now lies ahead-elements 113,115,117 and 118 need to be given their official names and symbols.

New elements can be named after a mythical(神话的) concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property(性质) or a scientist. The names have to be unique and maintain “historical and chemical consistency”. This means a lot of “-iums”.

“They’re Latinising the name,” explains chemist Andrea Sella. “The most recent tradition is to name them after places or people.” The places chosen tend to be where the element was discovered or first produced.

No one has yet named an element after themselves but many elements are named in honour of important scientists. Albert Einstein was given einsteinium. This can also be a way of righting the wrongs of the past. “Lise Meitner was really the chemist who spotted nuclear fission(核裂变)but she was never really recognised for it because she was Jewish and a woman, ” says Sella. “Giving an element a name that reminds us of her is greatly important. ”

The naming process isn’t quick. The scientists who discovered them will start things off by suggesting a name. But it will be down to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to approve it. A special division of the US-based group has to accept the suggestion. Then there is a public review period of five months before the IUPAC gets the final approval. Once it’s ready, the name is announced in the scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Naming an element is not just about functionality. Names are always important.

1.What is the function of Paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To present a finding.

C. To point out a problem.

D. To call for a decision,

2.Why was Lise Meitner mentioned in the naming process in Paragraph 4?

A. To praise her.

B. To build her reputation.

C. To correct the wrongs of the past.

D. To end racial discrimination

3.Who has the final say in the naming process of an element?

A. The scientist who discovered them.

B. The special division of US-based group.

C. The scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry,

D. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

4.What i$ the passage mainly about?

A. How elements get their names.

B. Why science textbooks are out of date.

C. How new elements are discovered.

D. How functional naming an element is.

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