题目内容
【题目】 Even if you don't know much about Russian author Maxim Gorky (1868-1936), you may be familiar with his famous poem The Song of the Stormy Petrel since its ending note “Let it break in all its fury!" has been encouraging generations of people for years now.
Gorky was a highly influential author. More than any other writer, he laid the foundations for the famous literary style known as socialist realism. In this kind of writing, the author uses literary techniques to create the impression of reality in his or her writings.
March 16 this year marked the 152th anniversary of Gorky's birth.
He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty. As he grew older, he would take a job and then quickly move on to another. He tried many jobs, but the one that he seemed to love the most was being a journalist.
It was in this job that he gained a particular impression of the world — that it was horribly inequitable in its treatment of the poor. It was a world, therefore, that had to go. Gorky was naturally attracted to the political movement of Marxian social democracy.He knew many revolutionaries including the most important one of all, Vladimir Lenin(1870-1924). The two became friends in 1903 and The Song of the Stormy Petrel was one of Lenin's favorite works by Gorky.
Asa writer, Gorky naturally valued literature. But lie also valued life experience, of which he had plenty. The key to being a modem person, he thought, was to acquire a critical attitude: “Keep reading books, but remember that a book's only a book, and you should learn to think for yourself,” he once said.
【1】What can we learn about Gorky's childhood?
A.He lived an extraordinary life.B.He tried few jobs.
C.He led a hard life.D.He grew up by himself
【2】What docs the underlined word "inequitable" in paragraph 5 refer to?
A.Unconditional.B.Unfair.
C.Unreal.D.Unfriendly.
【3】Which of the following is TRUE about Gorky?
A.He valued critical thinking.B.He was of little influence.
C.He was easy to bow before difficulties.D.He discounted life experience.
【4】What is the text mainly about?
A.Gorky and his family.B.The hardship Gorky experienced.
C.Gorky's famous works.D.Gorky's influence in literature and his life.
【答案】
【1】C
【2】B
【3】A
【4】D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄国作家高尔基,他是一位极具影响力的作家。文章介绍了他的人生经历和他对文学的影响。
【1】
细节理解题。根据第四段中He was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty.可知他出生在一个平凡的家庭,但很快就成了孤儿,由贫困的祖母抚养长大。由此可知,高尔基的童年过着艰苦的生活。故选C。
【2】
词义猜测题。根据后文in its treatment of the poor. It was a world, therefore, that had to go.可知Gorky认为这是一个必须消失的世界,因为这个世界对待穷人极其不公平。由此可知,划线单词“inequitable”意思为“不公平”。A. Unconditional.无条件的;B. Unfair.不公平的;C. Unreal.不真实的;D. Unfriendly.不友好的。故选B。
【3】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中The key to being a modem person, he thought, was to acquire a critical attitude: “Keep reading books, but remember that a book's only a book, and you should learn to think for yourself,” he once said.可知他认为,要成为一个现代人,关键是要养成一种批判的态度:“坚持读书,但要记住,一本书只是一本书,你应该学会独立思考,”他曾经说过。由此可知,A选项“高尔基重视批判性思维”正确。故选A。
【4】
主旨大意题。根据第二段Gorky was a highly influential author. More than any other writer, he laid the foundations for the famous literary style known as socialist realism.高尔基是一位极具影响力的作家。与其他作家相比,他为著名的社会主义现实主义文学风格奠定了基础。根据第四段“e was born into an ordinary life but soon became an orphan, before being raised by his grandmother in poverty. As he grew older, he would take a job and then quickly move on to another. He tried many jobs, but the one that he seemed to love the most was being a journalist.”他出生在一个平凡的家庭,但很快就成了孤儿,由贫困的祖母抚养长大。随着年龄的增长,他会找一份工作,然后迅速跳槽。他尝试过很多工作,但他似乎最喜欢的是当记者。由此可知,这篇文章的主要内容是高尔基对文学的影响和他的人生经历。故选D。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 每个空格只填 1 个单词。 请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。
Driverless cars used to be the sort of thing you’d see in sci-fi films, but in 2020 they’re becoming a reality. Autonomous car technology is already being developed by the likes of Lexus, BMW and Mercedes, and we’ve even tested Tesla’s driverless Autopilot system on UK roads. Across the Atlantic, Google is developing its automated technology in the wild, and Apple is rumoured to be working with BMW on its own-probably automated-car.
Fully-driverless tech is still at an advanced testing stage, but partially automated technology has been around for the last few years. Executive saloons like the BMW 7 Series feature automated parking, and can even be controlled remotely.
With so much investment and interest in driverless technology, it’s easy to assume that self-operating cars are likely to happen soon, but they’re much further away than we might think. Before driverless vehicles go to market widely, manufacturers must deal with a range of technical and ethical challenges, and prevent the biggest threat to autonomous technology: humans.
The human problem
Humans present problems for autonomous cars as both drivers and pedestrians, and dealing with our unpredictable behaviour represents a significant challenge for the technology.
The Google Car is one of the most experienced autonomous vehicles. Even so, its interaction with human drivers has given rise to the exposure of one of driverless cars’ main weaknesses. The first injury involving the Google Car wasn’t due to a fault in its system, but human-error. While correctly waiting at traffic lights, Google’s self-driving car was hit by an inattentive driver and, in spite of its sophisticated array (复杂精密的数组) of sensors, there was little it could do to avoid the incident. Luckily, the accident only resulted in minor injury for a few of the passengers, but it’s a reminder that autonomous cars are at risk when surrounded by human road users.
Despite their sophisticated systems, self-driving cars currently have no plan B for human road users. Human drivers are able to interact with each other and make allowances, but also make countless, small mistakes when driving-mistakes to which current self-driving cars simply can’t adapt.
Dealing with pedestrians
The way human drivers interact with pedestrians raises difficult moral and ethical questions for car manufacturers-with implications.
Autonomous cars need to understand the way pedestrians behave, while also imitating the behaviour they’d expect from a human driver. “Everyone has a knowledge of how a human being is going to react, because we are all human beings,” says computer ethics commentator Ben Byford. “So if you walk out in front of a car, and presumably the car driver knows you’re there, they’re going to react in a certain way.”
“ If I walked out in front of a Google car travelling at 60mph, I have no real knowledge of how the vehicle will behave, so I’m effectively putting myself in danger.”
How 【1】 away are we from autonomous cars? | ||
Background information | ● Autonomous car technology has been 【2】 in some famous car manufacturers. ● Partially automated technology has been in 【3】 for the last few years. ● Before our roads are 【4】 with driverless vehicles, manufacturers have a lot of things to do. | |
【5】 about the autonomous technology | The human problem | ● The Google car’s accident has 【6】 one of driverless cars’ weaknesses. ● 【7】 the sophisticated array of sensors, Google’s self-driving car could do little to avoid the accident. ● With no alternative plan, self-driving cars cannot have a good 【8】 with human drivers. |
Dealing with pedestrians | 【9】 human drivers who know pedestrians well, autonomous cars have difficulty in 【10】 their behavior, thus putting pedestrians in danger. |