题目内容

【题目】When 18thcentury scientists first came across Australia’s platypus (鸭嘴兽)，they thought it was a trick.It is not surprising that the platypus made people confused.This funnylooking animal has feet and is a kind of warmblooded mammal(哺乳动物)．

While other mammals usually keep their blood at around 37 degrees，the platypus has a lower body temperature of 32 degrees.As to its appearance，the platypus’ mouth is not really like the duck’s; its mouth actually looks a bit softer.The platypus closes its eyes when swimming instead of watching its hunters.It uses its mouth to pick up outside information made by the creatures underwater.

Strangest of all，the platypus is a mammal that can lay eggs.And there is only one other kind of mammal that can lay eggs，the echidna(针鼹鼠) of Australia.Both the platypus and the echidna lay soft shelled eggs，and both feed their young with their own milk that comes out of their skin.These animals also walk in a way that is similar to crocodiles (鳄鱼)，with legs on the sides of their bodies rather than under them.

Though pretty in a special way，the platypus is actually one of the few mammals that are poisonous.A male platypus has knifelike bones on its back legs which have enough poison to kill a dog.

The platypus has the honor of being one of the oldest mammals in the world.Until the early 20thcentury，it was hunted for its fur，but it is now protected.Although the platypus is easily influenced by pollution，it is not under any immediate threat.

【1】What can we learn about he platypus?

A．It has a lower body temperature than other mammals.

B．It only closes its eyes when underwater.

C．It’s the only poisonous mammal in the world.

D．It feeds its young on wild animal meat.

【2】Which of the following is NOT used as a comparison in the passage?

A．The crocodile.

B．The echidna.

C．The duck.

D．The dog.

【3】The characteristics of the platypus that have been described in the passage include________．

a．the color of its skin

b．the way it gets information

c．its walking pose

d．its strange appearance

A．b－c－d

B．a－b－c

C．a－c－d

D．a－b－d

【4】We can learn from the last paragraph that the platypus is________．

A．hunted for its meat

B．in danger of extinction

C．endangered because of air pollution

D．wellprotected now

【答案】【1】 A

【2】 D

【3】 A

【4】 D

【解析】【1】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知鸭嘴兽的体温比其他哺乳动物较低，正确答案为A。根据第二段倒数第二句可知鸭嘴兽在水中会闭上眼睛，B与文意不一致；由第四段第一句可知鸭嘴兽不是唯一有毒的哺乳动物，故C有误；根据第三段第三句可知母鸭嘴兽用乳汁喂养后代，D项错误。

【2】细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到鸭嘴兽和针鼹鼠像鳄鱼一样爬行，故A项是一个比较对象；第二段第二句提到鸭嘴兽的嘴不完全像鸭子，可知C项是一个比较对象；第三段提到针鼹鼠和鸭嘴兽的一些共同特征，故B项是一个比较对象；第四段最后一句只提到鸭嘴兽的毒素足以杀死一条狗，但没有拿鸭嘴兽和狗作比较，故D项不正确。因此答案为D。

【3】细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句提到了鸭嘴兽获取信息的途径；第三段最后一句提到了鸭嘴兽的走路姿势；第二段第二句提到了鸭嘴兽的外表。故b、c、d三项均符合文意，故答案为A。文中第三段第三句提到母鸭嘴兽靠体内分泌的乳汁喂养后代，但没有提到鸭嘴兽的皮肤颜色，故a不正确。

【4】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知鸭嘴兽从前被捕猎者们猎取皮毛，但现在是受保护动物，它的生存没有受到直接威胁，A项错误；虽然鸭嘴兽易受污染影响但并没提到空气污染使它们濒临灭绝，故B项和C项也不对。

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【题目】【改编】Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.

Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.

But speech has to be induced（激发，引起）, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling（咿呀声）,grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

【1】The experiment of Frederick proved ____.

A. lack of mothering didn’t affect the development of a baby

B. only lack of language could kill a baby

C. very cruel to the babies in the experiment

D. babies could be starved to death

【2】Why are some children backward in speaking?

A. Because they are born disabled.

B. Because they lack language input when in sensitive periods.

C. Because they are exposed to too much language at once.

D. Because their mothers are not smart enough

【3】Which of the following is true ?

A. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will be backward in future.

B. If the ideal time for acquiring skills passes, there will be a second time.

C. A child can only imitate others’ language.

D. An infant is born with the ability to speak.

【4】What is the purpose of the example of birds in the third paragraph?

A. To prove the importance of the sensitive periods.

B. To prove birds has the same ability to speak as human.

C. To explain why some birds can’t sing.

D. To inform the results of Frederick’s experiment.

【5】where can you read this passage?

A. In a science report.

B. In an Entertainment magazine.

C. In a health report.

D. In a science fiction story.

【题目】目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。 请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。

内容要点如下：

主要原因：1．考试偏多，偏难；

2．不用功，懒惰；

3．取悦父母和老师。

个人看法：1．作弊不对，违反校规；

2．要诚实，努力学习；

3．写出自己的其他看法。

注意：

1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；

2．短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。词数100左右。

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.

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