题目内容

17．Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older，but men's minds decline（衰退） more than women's，according to the results of a worldwide survey．
    Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains：men are better at dealing with mental images （useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial （三维空间） skills），while women tend to be better at recalling information from their memories （helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects）．
    Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline people experience as they age，but the results have been mixed．
    Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women，while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people，and women live longer than men．The men tested are the survivors，"so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive （认知的） decline，"said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England．
    People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills：matching an object to its rotated （旋转的） form，matching lines shown from the same angle，typing as many words in a particular collection as possible in the given time，e．g．"objects usually colored gray"，and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks which men are usually good at； the latter are almost controlled by women．
    Within each age group studied，men and women performed better in their separate task on average．Generally speaking，women showed obviously less decline than men though performance declined with age for both sexes．
71．The underlined word"inherent"in the second paragraph meansC．
A．difficult            B．native               C．natural          D．absolute
72．Which of the following tasks are men better at？A
A．Matching lines shown from the same angle．
B．Typing as many words in a particular category as possible•
C．Recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．
D．Recalling information from their brain's files．
73．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage？D
A．Men are good at typing words in a particular category in the given time．
B．Women are good at dealing with mathematic problems．
C．Men do better than women when it comes to learning English．
D．Women stand out at remembering people's names．
74．What important factor affects the correctness of the research results？C
A．People tested come from all over the world．B．Men live longer than women．
C．the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive （认知的） decline．
D．The researchers got their results mixed．
75．The author aims to tell us thatB．
A．the survey on human's mind decline was done recently   
B．men's minds decline more with age
C．everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D．women's minds perform better than men's．

分析 本文是一篇说明文，说明了随着年龄的增长，我们越来越健忘，根据调查，男性比女性健忘要快；女性寿命比男性长，男性的记忆随着年龄增长，下降更快．

解答 71．C．词义理解题．根据第二段Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains：men are better at dealing with mental images 一定的差异似乎在男性和女性的大脑固有的：男人更善于处理心理图象，可知意为固有的；故选C．
72．A．细节理解题．根据第二段men are better at dealing with mental images （useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial可知男人更善于处理心理图象（在数学推理和空间有用；故选A．
73．D．细节理解题，由第二段第三行while women tend to excel be good at recalling information from their brain's files．可以知道女人在记住人们的名字时脱颖而出，故选D．
74．C．细节理解题，由第四段第二行The men tested are the survivors，"so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive（认知的） decline，可以知道老人测试可能不显示这样的认知下降，故选C．
75．B．推理判断题，根据本文的主要意思"随着年龄的增长，我们越来越健忘，根据调查，男性比女性健忘要快；女性寿命比男性长"可以推出答案，故选B．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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7．Do you have a habit of writing things down？Making time to write down certain things，such as our daily experiences，our goals，and our thoughts can change the way we live our lives．Here are 4ways that tell you writing things down can change your life．
（1）It clears your mind for higher-level thinking．
You can clear your mind by writing things down in two different ways：writing to-do lists and writing morning pages．David Allen，the author of Getting Things Done suggests writing down every task，activity and project you need to pay attention to．Writing down every"to-do"item that you can think of clears space in your head for more important topics．You can also write"morning pages"，which was pioneered by Julia Cameron，author of The Artist's Way．Morning pages involves（牵涉）what's important in your mind．Through doing this first thing each morning，you clear your head in preparation for the day's most important thinking．
（2）It gives you a record of the past．
If you keep a diary and regularly write down your thoughts and feelings，you'll soon have a record of your experiences．Keeping a diary is sometimes like talking a situation through with a friend．Reading back through this record also provides a valuable record about your past thought and feelings．You can recall some special moments or special events that you could have forgotten．Many people have dreams of writing a book．When you keep writing down things，you'll realize that you have written a book．
（3）You have a sense of achievement．
Writing things down can help you get a sense of achievement and can also raise your levels of self-trust．When you look back to see how successfully you've gone through and dealt with important decisions and difficult situations in the past，you'll have a sense of achievement and feel more confident in your ability to achieve your goals．Equally，if we write down everything we need to do in a special day or week，we have a sense of satisfaction （满足） when，having completed the task，we can cross the item off our list．
（4）It helps you think big．
Writing things down gives you space to think big and aim high．When we write things down，we enter a world of possibility and have a chance to make further plans．Writing our goals and dreams down makes it more likely that we'll achieve them one day．Writing down our goals is therefore the first step towards making them a reality．

66．Julia Cameron may most probably agree thatA．
A．writing down what's important every morning can clear your head
B．people must read morning pages in an artist way every morning
C．what David Allen said in his book is less helpful for clearing your head
D．writing to-do lists is all you need to do before work starts each day
67．By keeping a diary，you canB．
A．talk a situation through with a friend
B．keep a record of the past experiences
C．forget your past life experiences
D．ignore special events and moments
68．We have a sense of satisfaction when a task has been completed in a（an）C．
A．activity
B．project
C．to-do list
D．game
69．The underlined phrase"think big"is similar in meaning toD．
A．make a dream
B．write a to-do list
C．do a work plan
D．set a high goal
70．The author of the passage intends to tell usA．
A．writing things down can change our life
B．we need to think big and aim high
C．people need to record the past events
D．it's important to clear our mind．
8．Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium （水族馆）
   The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，located in the heart of Melbourne's CBD，is one of Victoria's leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family．Having 12 amazing zones of discovery，Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city．
*Opening Times
     Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm every day of the year，including public holidays．Last admission is at 5：00 pm，one hour before closing．
*Location．
     Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street，Melbourne．It is located on the Yarra River，opposite Crown Entertainment Complex．
*Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium
     Train
     The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route （公交线路） and also routes 70 and 75．City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions．
     Shuttle Bus
     The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service，stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City．Running daily，every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm．
      Car Parking
      While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away．
*Wheelchair Access
      Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones．Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets．
*Terms
      Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after buying or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted．Please print out all tickets bought and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium．No ticket，no entry!
56．Sea Life Melbourne AquariumA．
A．is located at the center of the CBD in the city 
B．has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne
C．admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：00 pm
D．is beside Crown Entertainment Complex
57．Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium，visitors can takeD．
A．trains from southern Cross train station
B．shuttle buses around the train station
C．boats across the Yarra River
D．either tram route 70 or 75
58．Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitorsB．
A．free car parking                 B．wheelchair access
C．Internet connection              D．transportation service
59．Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne AquariumC．
A．are free to all visitors             B．can be bought by email
C．are checked at the entrance          D．can be printed at the ticket office．
5．Can you believe your eyes？A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age．
   Martin Doherty，a psychologist at the University of Stifling in Scotland，led the team of scientists．In this experiment，Doherty and his team tested the perception（观察力） of some people，using pictures of some orange circles．The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people．The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10，and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25．
   The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background．One of the circles was larger than the other，and these people were asked to identify the larger one．Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time．Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time．
   Next，both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles，again of different sizes，were surrounded by gray circles．Here's where the trick lies in．In some of the pictures，the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles--making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle，which was the real larger one．And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles--so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle．
   When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures，they weren't fooled-they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before．Older children and adults，on the other hand，did not do as well．Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one，and adults got it wrong most of the time．
   As children get older，Doherty said，their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context（背景）．In other words，they will begin to process the whole picture at once：the tricky gray circles，as well as the orange circle in the middle．As a result，they're more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick．
71．Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate．D
A．children's and adults'brains           
B．children's and adults'eye-sight
C．the influence of people's age         
D．people's ability to see accurately
72．When asked to find the larger circle，．C
A．adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around
B．children at 6 got it wrong 79%of the time with no gray ones around
C．children at 4 got it right about 79%of the time with gray ones around
D．only adults over 1 8 got it right 95%of the time with gray ones around
73．According to the passage，we can know that．A
A．a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
B．an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size
C．a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size
D．a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background
74．Visual context may work when children get older than．B
A．4               B．6               C．10              D．18
75．Why are younger children not fooled？D
A．Because older people are influenced by their experience．
B．Because they are smarter than older children and adults．
C．Because people's eyes become weaker as they grow older．
D．Because their brains can hardly notice related things together．
12．Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior．
    One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards．Researchers at Harvard University in the United States did the study．They had about 200 college students play a game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma．The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group．
The students played in groups of four．Each player could win points for the group，so they would all gain equally．But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players，at a cost to the punisher．
Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation．The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least．
And the more a group punished itself，the lower its earnings．The group with the most punishment earned 25% less than the group with the least punishment．
The other study involved children．Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups．More than 800 children were ages two to four the first time they were tested．More than 700 children were ages five to nine．
The two groups were retested four years later，and the study compared the results with the first test．Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not．
The study says the IQs-or intelligence quotients-of the younger children who were not spanked（掴）were five points higher than those who were．In the older group，the difference was almost three points．
Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire has written extensively about physical punishment of children．He says the more they are spanked，the slower their mental development．He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common．
67．Which of the following is True about the game mentioned in the first paragraph？C
A．Prisoners are more interested in the first game than the university students．
B．The game is very popular with the students in Harvard University in the United States．
C．The game is played to test whether people are more cooperative on the basis of rewards．
D．The game is played in order to encourage the students to cooperate．
68．The underlined part in the third paragraph means the punisher will have toB．
A．lose some of his money              
B．lose some of the points
C．lose all the points of the group         
D．gain the points of the punished
69．What does the result of the first experiment imply？A
A．Rewards encourage better cooperation than punishments．
B．Individual interests are always a challenge to the group．
C．Four members will work better in one group．
D．The group that punished most gained nothing eventually．
70．What do we know about the second experiment in the passage？A
A．The whole experiment，including two tests，lasted four years．
B．Physical punishment was employed only in the younger group．
C．Children in both groups have acquired same IQ development．
D．No physical punishment was used in the younger group．
2．Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon？Many people feel this way after lunch．They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness．Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat．However，the real reason lies inside their bodies．At that time-about eight hours after you wake up-your body temperature goes down．This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy．Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day．The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern （模式）．They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later．
In many parts of the world，people take naps（小睡） in the middle of the day．This is especially true in warmer climates，where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon．Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate．A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general．In countries where naps are traditional，people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease．
Many working people，unfortunately，have no time to take naps．Though doctors may advise taking naps，employers do not allow it!If you do have the chance，however，here are a few tips about making the most of your nap．Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up．A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward．This can also happen if you sleep for too long．If you do not have enough time，try a short nap-even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful．
60．Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text？C
A．They eat too much for lunch．
B．They sleep too little at night．
C．Their body temperature becomes lower．
D．The weather becomes a lot warmer．
61．If you get up at 6：30 am，what is the best time for you to take a nap？D
A．About 12：30 pm
B．About 1：30 pm．
C．About 3：30 pm                          
D．About 2：30 pm
62．What would be the best title for the text？B
A．Just for a Rest                           
B．All for a Nap
C．A Special Sleep Pattern
D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate．
9．Become a confident speaker．How to improve your English speaking skills and make you able to communicate more easily and effectively？The following tips will help you to become a more confident speaker．
Practice where you can and when you can．And practice is good-whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not．
It's important to build up your confidence．If possible，use the simple sentence structure that you know is correct，so that you can concentrate on getting your message across．
Try to experiment with the English you know．Apply （应用） words and phrases you know to new situations．Native English speakers are likely to correct you if you use the wrong word．They usually don't mind if you use wrong grammar．
Try to respond to what people say to you．You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language．Respond to them in a natural way．
Never translate everything into your own language．It takes you much time and you'll find it difficult to find an English answer right away．You don't know how to do well．The more you want to act well，the more slowly you act．This will make you hesitant．
If you forget a word，do what native English speakers do all the time，and say things that‘fill'the conversation．This is better than remaining completely silent．Try using‘um'，‘er'，if you forget the word．
Don't speak too fast!It's important to use a natural rhythm （节奏） in speaking English，but if you speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you．
Try to relax when you speak，and you'll find that your mouth does most of the pronunciation work for you．Speak English at a normal speed．
Final tips：Try to become less hesitant．Don't be shy to speak-the more you do it，the more confident you'll become．Remember to be polite-use"please"and"thank you"if you ask someone to do something for you．

60．What is the text mainly about？B
A．Good ways of studying English well．
B．Suggestions on becoming a confident speaker．
C．Things to pay attention to when speaking English．
D．How to correct your mistakes as you speak English．
61．How many tips does the author offer in this text？C
A.9．      B.10．     C.11．     D.12．
62．In this passage，the underlined word"hesitant"in the sixth paragraph means"D"．
A．sure about what to do
B．fast to make a good decision
C．successful in answering questions
D．uncertain about how to express yourself
63．This text is most probably written forA．
A．English beginners   B．native English speakers
C．English teachers    D．language experts．
6．Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live，we must communicate with other people．A great deal of（50）Ais performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple（51）Dof speech．If we travel in buses，buy things in shops，or eat in restaurants，we are likely to have（52）Awhere we give information or opinions，receive news or comment，and very（53）Bhave our views challenged by other members of society．
Face-to-face（54）Ais by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the（55）Bfactors of current society．Two things，above others，have caused the enormous（56）Aof the communication industry．Firstly，inventiveness has（57）Cadvances in imprinting，telecommunications，photography，radio and television．Secondly，speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news，which itself is often almost eclipsed （失去优势）by international news．
No longer is the possession of information（58）Bto a wealthy minority．In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed（59）A，but today there are public libraries．Forty years ago people used to go to the cinema，but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being（6）0A_ into millions of homes．
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information．The modem communication（61）Athe way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing（62）Bto information，education and entertainment．The printing，broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing，educating and entertaining．
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very（63）Cto the individual and to the society，of which he is a part，the vast modem network of communication is open to misuse（64）D，the mass media ARE with us，for better，for worse，and there is no turning back．
50．A．communicatingB．deliveringC．addressingD．exchanging
51．A．ideasB．explanationsC．solutionsD．means
52．A．conversationsB．conferencesC．attemptsD．interruptions
53．A．reluctantlyB．likelyC．absolutelyD．suddenly
54．A．contactB．occasionC．feedbackD．reaction
55．A．challengingB．dominatingC．attractingD．improving
56．A．growthB．increaseC．approvalD．invention
57．A．come throughB．resulted fromC．led toD．brought in
58．A．givenB．restrictedC．opposedD．guaranteed
59．A．fortunateB．visibleC．hopefulD．respectable
60．A．channeledB．boughtC．appliedD．transformed
61．A．influencesB．providesC．correctsD．protects
62．A．guidanceB．accessC．movementD．reception
63．A．considerableB．impressiveC．valuableD．available
64．A．in additionB．for exampleC．thereforeD．however
7．Asian parents are spending billions of dollars on private tutors （家庭教师） for their children and the practice is growing despite doubts about its effectiveness，according to an Asian Development Bank study published Wednesday，AFP reported．
"Shadow education"is an expanding business not only in wealthy countries，but also in some of the region's poorer nations as parents try to give their children the best start in life，the study said．Nearly nine out of 10 South Korean elementary pupils receive private tutoring，while the figure for primary school children in India's West Bengal state stands at six out of 10．
he study estimated that the costs of private tutoring in South Korea were equivalent （相等的） to 80 percent of government spending on public education．Japan spent 12 billion on extra teaching in 2011，while the figure for Singapore stood at US$ 680 million in 2009．
Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers．Many Asian parents view it as a constructive way for adolescents to spend their spare time．However，it can also reduce the students'time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring，the study said．
The study calls for a review of educational systems to make such extra teaching less attractive．
56．Why is"Shadow education"an expanding business？D
A．Because parents want to spend their money．
B．Because children don't want to go to school．
C．Because parents want their children to stay with teachers．
D．Because parents want to give their children the best start in life．
57．According to the article，what is the purpose of extra academic work？A
A．To aid slow learners and support high achievers．
B．To prepare children for all kinds of academic contests．
C．To increase children's hobbies and interests in many fields．
D．To gain the most knowledge that students can't get in class．
58．Which disadvantage of extra academic work is NOT mentioned？C
A．Causing social tensions．
B．Spending more extra money．
C．Lacking the chance to communicate with others．
D．Reducing the students'time for sports and other activities．
59．What is the text mainly about？D
A．The government policy on educational systems．
B．How to provide the best education for children．
C．The importance for children's overall development．
D．The reasons for the popularity of private tutors for children．

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