题目内容

7．Asian parents are spending billions of dollars on private tutors （家庭教师） for their children and the practice is growing despite doubts about its effectiveness，according to an Asian Development Bank study published Wednesday，AFP reported．
"Shadow education"is an expanding business not only in wealthy countries，but also in some of the region's poorer nations as parents try to give their children the best start in life，the study said．Nearly nine out of 10 South Korean elementary pupils receive private tutoring，while the figure for primary school children in India's West Bengal state stands at six out of 10．
he study estimated that the costs of private tutoring in South Korea were equivalent （相等的） to 80 percent of government spending on public education．Japan spent 12 billion on extra teaching in 2011，while the figure for Singapore stood at US$ 680 million in 2009．
Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers．Many Asian parents view it as a constructive way for adolescents to spend their spare time．However，it can also reduce the students'time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring，the study said．
The study calls for a review of educational systems to make such extra teaching less attractive．
56．Why is"Shadow education"an expanding business？D
A．Because parents want to spend their money．
B．Because children don't want to go to school．
C．Because parents want their children to stay with teachers．
D．Because parents want to give their children the best start in life．
57．According to the article，what is the purpose of extra academic work？A
A．To aid slow learners and support high achievers．
B．To prepare children for all kinds of academic contests．
C．To increase children's hobbies and interests in many fields．
D．To gain the most knowledge that students can't get in class．
58．Which disadvantage of extra academic work is NOT mentioned？C
A．Causing social tensions．
B．Spending more extra money．
C．Lacking the chance to communicate with others．
D．Reducing the students'time for sports and other activities．
59．What is the text mainly about？D
A．The government policy on educational systems．
B．How to provide the best education for children．
C．The importance for children's overall development．
D．The reasons for the popularity of private tutors for children．

分析 本文首先提出家庭教师这一现象，然后论述其热门的原因以及不利之处．

解答 56-59．DACD
56题答案：D细节理解题．根据第二段第一句…try to give their children the best start in life．（…试图给他们的孩子最好的生活开始）．可知Shadow education成为一个热门是因为父母想给孩子生活最好的开始．故本题答案为D选项．
57题答案：A 细节理解题．根据最后一段第一句Extra academic work aims to help slow learners and support high achievers．额外学术工作是为帮助学习慢的人以及支持成功者．故本题答案为A选项．
58题答案：C细节理解题．根据最后一段第三句it can also reduce the students'time for sports and other activities important for their overall development as well as cause social tensions as richer families are able to pay for better-quality tutoring．它也会减少学生用于运体育及其它对他们全面发展很重要的活动的时间，引起社会紧张因为有钱人家能够支付更高质量的家教．可知C选项并未提及，故本题答案为C选项．
59题答案：D分析归纳题．本文首先提出家庭教师这一现象，然后论述其热门的原因以及不利之处，可知本文主要的就是讲家庭教师兴盛的原因．故本题答案为D选项．

点评 本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对 性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．

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17．Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older，but men's minds decline（衰退） more than women's，according to the results of a worldwide survey．
    Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains：men are better at dealing with mental images （useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial （三维空间） skills），while women tend to be better at recalling information from their memories （helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects）．
    Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline people experience as they age，but the results have been mixed．
    Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women，while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline．Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people，and women live longer than men．The men tested are the survivors，"so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive （认知的） decline，"said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England．
    People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills：matching an object to its rotated （旋转的） form，matching lines shown from the same angle，typing as many words in a particular collection as possible in the given time，e．g．"objects usually colored gray"，and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．The first two were tasks which men are usually good at； the latter are almost controlled by women．
    Within each age group studied，men and women performed better in their separate task on average．Generally speaking，women showed obviously less decline than men though performance declined with age for both sexes．
71．The underlined word"inherent"in the second paragraph meansC．
A．difficult            B．native               C．natural          D．absolute
72．Which of the following tasks are men better at？A
A．Matching lines shown from the same angle．
B．Typing as many words in a particular category as possible•
C．Recalling the location of objects in a line drawing．
D．Recalling information from their brain's files．
73．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage？D
A．Men are good at typing words in a particular category in the given time．
B．Women are good at dealing with mathematic problems．
C．Men do better than women when it comes to learning English．
D．Women stand out at remembering people's names．
74．What important factor affects the correctness of the research results？C
A．People tested come from all over the world．B．Men live longer than women．
C．the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive （认知的） decline．
D．The researchers got their results mixed．
75．The author aims to tell us thatB．
A．the survey on human's mind decline was done recently   
B．men's minds decline more with age
C．everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D．women's minds perform better than men's．
18．More and more parents are worrying about their daughters who have become overweight．Girls who think they aren't popular at school are at higher risk for weight gain，according to a new study．It's long been known that being overweight can lead to social exclusion （排斥） for teens，but researchers at Harvard University discovered：whether a student's opinions of her social position played a role in her weight．
To find out，the researchers measured the body weight of nearly 4，500 girls aged 12 to 18．
Two years later，the researchers found，all of the girls had gained weight-no surprise，since they were all growing．But girls who thought they were less popular at school were at a 70 percent higher risk of gaining extra weight．
The researchers considered something else besides the collected information，including whether a child was overweight at the start of the study，family income，a mother's weight，diet，television viewing habits and some other things that can affect childhood weight gain．But the opinions of girl's popularity are more likely to affect he girls'weight．
Experts suggested that parents concerned about a girl's weight should look not only at eating habits but also at their child's social network，encouraging relationships with friends and joining in group activities．Meanwhile schools should also organize more programs to help girls build social skills，they added．
64．Which kind of girls is less likely to gain extra weight？B
A．Those who like watching TV for a long time per day．
B．Those whose parents show no sign of being overweight．
C．Those who are self-centered and not optimistic．
D．Those who enjoy meals rich in high oil and fat．
65．What can parents do in controlling their teenage girls'weight？D
A．They encourage their kids to study hard．
B．They ask their daughters eat as they please
C．They record the body weight measurements of their own kids．
D．They make their kids communicate more with others．
66．It can be concluded from this passage thatA．
A．A rising number of teenager girls are becoming overweight
B．Some schools have already organized various activities for teenager girls．
C．Girls aged 17 are certainly heavier than those aged 14．
D．The researchers reached the final discovery only by studying the collected information．
67．How is the text organized？B
A．topic-argument-description-conclusion
B．opinion-supporting examples-conclusion-advice
C．opinion-supporting examples-solution-advice
D．topic-argument-conclusion-solution．
15．Pulling luggage through the airport can be a pain，as any frequent traveler will tell you．A new suitcase called only"Hop"is looking to change all of that，though，using signals from your cell phone to go hands-free．
According to Hop's official website，the suitcase uses three sensors （感应器） to identify the Bluetooth signal from your phone and pick you out of a crowd．Once it's done that，a microprocessor not only figures out Hop's position as it relates to your phone，but controls the two caterpillar tracks （履带） in the bottom of the unit to get it moving．Hop follows behind the user at a constant distance，so you don't have to worry about it"stepping"on your heels，so to speak．If it loses the signal it's following，your phone will vibrate，letting you know that your poor suitcase is lost and alone in a sea of strange people．
We can see Hop in action in the video below，and we have to say that it looks like a great little device．There's just one problem：it looks as if you'll have to walk at a relatively slow pace to keep the suitcase from losing the signal．Since a walk through an airport is rarely a leisurely experience，that could potentially cause troubles．Also，don't expect TSA agents to just smile and wave as you walk through security with a remote-controlled suitcase tailing you．
Still，the idea behind Hop is really cool，and we're willing to believe that there are some frequent flyers who would like to put down some money for it right this instant．However，this is just a model at the moment，so don't expect it to be available for sale anytime soon （if it ever is，for that matter）．Would you purchase one of these if Hop ever became available commercially？
66．What is"to go hands-free"？A
A．The new suitcase
B．Your cell phone．
C．Signals from your cell phone
D．Frequent travelers．
67．Which paragraph tells about how Hop works？B
A．Paragraph One
B．Paragraph Two
C．Paragraph Three
D．Paragraph Four．
68．The article is probably taken fromB．
A．Hop's official website                   
B．a website of worldwide news
C．a Western newspaper                   
D．a Chinese newspaper
69．According to the article，Hop may run into trouble becauseC．
A．your cell phone fails to tell you Hop is lost 
B．its caterpillar tracks aren't powerful enough
C．you usually walk too fast for Hop to follow   
D．TSA agents won't be patient enough
70．What does the writer think of the invention？D
A．Hop will be in production soon
B．Hop is sure to be popular someday．
C．It's silly to have thought of that
D．Hop might never go on sale．
2．A blue hole is a flooded sea cave with a hole that opens up at the land's surface．These cave systems form in carbonate rock，often on islands．Some blue holes have very special rock formations and water chemistry．Far below sea level，they contain some of the harshest environments on Earth，with no oxygen and no light．Yet these areas are filled with life forms that have adapted to the extreme conditions．
Information gathered from these blue holes is helping scientists to increase their understanding of biology，archaeology and geology．But exploring these blue hole environments brings danger as well as discovery．
Blue holes get their name from the color some have when seen from the air．The color is usually a reflection of the sky on the water．But not all of these cave systems have blue surfaces．Some contain dark or muddy water．
Blue holes are the result of erosion in which water breaks down rock．Rain falling thousands of years ago contained chemicals which slowly wore away at the limestone landmass．These holes were later filled with sea water as the sea level changed．The rising and falling of sea levels and the mixture of salt and fresh water further wore away at these cave formations．Blue holes are vertical caves．But they can also have horizontal cave formations that may be hundreds of meters long．
These flooded cave systems can be found in the ocean，or they can be found inland．Ocean caves are affected by tides，so they always have water movement．But blue holes on land are very still．They have several layers of water，chemicals，and bacteria．The top layer of fresh water comes from rainfall．This layer acts like a cap on top of the layered mixture，and keeps out oxygen from the atmosphere．The fresh water floats on a denser layer of saltwater．Underneath this is a layer of poisonous hydrogen sulfide，produced by bacteria living in the water．Underneath this layer is anoxic seawater--water that does not contain any oxygen．
Underwater caves are probably one of the least explored ecosystems on the planet．One reason blue holes have not been fully explored is that they can be extremely dangerous．There are many safety rules that divers must follow to help ensure their survival．
First，divers must have training and experience to swim in these caves．Those who explore a cave for the first time must establish a thin rope called a guideline．This line helps them to safely enter and bring more than one set of breathing equipment in case one device fails．Meanwhile，they must pay careful attention to their air supply．The rule is to use a third of their air to enter the cave，a third to exit，and a third for emergencies．
    For most explorers，though，the possibility of discovery in these cave environments makes the experience worth the risk．You can jump into what looks like an insignificant little hole in the ground，and come out with information that's of value to many different disciplines，Scientists are interested in these caves because oxygen-free conditions there are similar to those on Earth long ago，before oxygen existed on our planet．，as well as similar to space．
50．According to the Passage，blue holesB．
A．are now a popular choice for tourists
B．are flooded caves found mostly on islands
C．have appeared as rocks pile up year by year
D．can give off bright blue light deep in the caves
51．It can be inferred front the passage thatD．
A．quantities of advanced life forms exist in blue boles
B．blue holes are not fully explored due to their low value
C．blue holes are vertical caves because of strong currents
D．the chemicals in the rain lead to the formation of blue caves
52．The fifth paragraph mainly talks aboutA．
A．two different types of blue holes    
B．how a blue hole comes into being
C．why scientists are interested in blue holes       
D．rules for divers exploring blue holes
53．When exploring blue holes，divers mustD．
A．have a thin rope as a guideline anytime           
B．wear glasses in case of bright blue light
C．swim as quickly as possible to save time          
D．learn to make good use of their air supply
54．The exploration of blue holes can help usB．
A．discover moue energy resources  
B．understand the origin of life on Farth
C．learn about the movements of seawater
D．get ready for the exploration of the ocean．
12．As summer comes near，many children are really happy to forget about school for a few months．However，they might be taking that goal too seriously．Studies have found that children often forget between one and three months'worth of school learning during the summer months．Spelling and math abilities drop off the most，while reading is not really influenced by the time off．The main reason for this is because most children sometimes read outside of the classroom，whether newspapers，magazines，books，or video game guides．However，their math and spelling skills only get exercised in the school setting．
The first purpose of summer holidays was to let farm children have time off to help work in the fields during the growing season，but this reason is no longer a good one since fewer kids actually work on farms today．Some cities in the United States，such as Los Angeles，have moved to a year-round school timetable，which may help reduce the loss of school skills that happens during the long summer holiday．To improve skills and to keep a good level of preparation，headmasters suggest trips to museums，summer camps，holidays with educational value，and visits to libraries to keep kids interested throughout the summer．
There are other educational systems that provide holidays while still keeping students'skills up to date．For example，in Japan，students attend class for seven weeks in a row，followed by two weeks of holiday．This continues the whole year．In Italy，students attend class six days per week，but finish at 1：30 pm each day，so that school does not run their life the way that it does in America，where students attend high school from 7：45 am until 3：00 pm each weekday．In areas where there are not enough classrooms-in Afghanistan or Somalia，for example-older students attend classes in the morning while the younger kids go to school in the afternoon．
Headmasters fear that the three-month summer holiday stops the flow of learning．Just as students become used to new math problems or new ideas in reading，writing，or thinking skills，they"shut down"during the summer holiday．When they go back to school after the long summer holiday，they take up to two months to return to their previous （先前的） level of skill．So the debate continues：whether to continue holidays or to make changes based on the Los Angeles or the Japanese models．
74．Which skills suffer the most over the summer holidays？B
A．Math and reading．
B．Math and spelling．
C．Reading and writing．
D．Reading and thinking．
75．What can we learn about the first purpose of summer holidays？C
A．It is still widely acceptable now．
B．It was popular in some cities．
C．It is not a good reason for city kids．
D．It was more for teachers than for students．
76．The underlined phrase"shut down"in the last paragraph probably meansA．
A．stop learning                        
B．get sick
C．go on reading                     
D．focus on studies
77．What can we infer from the passage？C
A．Parents always read to their kids to keep reading skills．
B．Summer holidays lead to the loss of all the school skills．
C．Students love holidays and get their mind off learning in holidays．
D．In Italy students attend classes in the late afternoon six days a week．
19．______ was in 2010 ______ I graduated from Oxford University．（　　）
A．That； thatB．It； whenC．That； whenD．It； that
16．As the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation．Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down．But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body．
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it．In fact，it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be．A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life．It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health．
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual．Some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties．When exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically．In fact we make choice between"flight or fight"and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death．The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress，it involves the same response．It is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health becomes endangered．Since we can't remove stress from our lives （it would be unwise to do so even if we could），we need to find ways to deal with it．

28．People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves becauseC．
A．they do not know how to enjoy themselves
B．they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
C．they are travelling fast all the time
D．they are becoming busier with their work
29．According to the writer，the most important character for a good manager is hisA．
A．not fearing stress                  B．knowing the art of relaxation
C．high sense of responsibility        D．having control over performance
30．Which of the following statements is true？B
A．Stress is always harmful to people
B．We can find some ways to avoid stress
C．It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work．
D．Different people can withstand different amounts of stress
31．In the last sentence of the passage，"do so"refers toC．
A．"expose ourselves to stress"B．"find ways to deal with stress"
C．"remove stress from our lives"D．"established links between diseases and stress"
17．Her shoes ______ her dress； they look very well together．（　　）
A．suitB．fitC．compareD．match

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