Question

Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing. 1       In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. 2       Since then,even the rich in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. 3       Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.

4       Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War H. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?

5       Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children not to touch dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist (免疫学家) ，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.

   A. So did the king of England in 1546.

   B. The rich and noble man lived an elegant life.

   C. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.

   D. However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

   E. So how to get rid of dirt has been under heated discussion.

   F. Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.

   G. Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.

1.         2.                  3.                  4.          5.       

Answer 1

本文主要介绍人们对是否应该清除身体上的污垢的不同看法。在十六世纪早期，人们认为人身上的污垢可以帮助抵御疾病的侵袭。在当代，有很多人认为从科学上来说，清除污垢才是有益于健康的，而一位免疫学家却鼓励孩子在脏的地方玩以此来增强免疫能力。

1. D前文说"在很多人看来，清除人体污垢是有益身体健康的"，而后文描述的是十六世纪的人们却认为污垢可以帮助他们抵御疾病的侵袭。此处明显需要一个表转折关系的过渡句,. 故选D.

2. A前句提到"至1538年，法国国王已关闭了国家所有澡堂"，A选项"英国国王在1546年也如此做了"表示和前句主语做的事情一样，所以A选项放在此处十分恰当。

3. F从前句可推断，下句就是举例介绍某位欧洲富人是如何和污垢"友好相处"的。后句"the king"表示特指，说明在此处一定提到了具体的哪个国王，所以应选F。

4. C上文都在介绍十六世纪人们认为污垢可以抵御疾病的观点，而下文明显已开始阐述另一种观点，即"清洗掉污垢是有益健康的"。所以此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句。故C选项恰当。

5. G最后这一段并没有对是否应该清除人体污垢这个问题下结论，而是继续表示针对这一问题有两种不同的声音。所以可得知此处应选G,"现今人们对于污垢的态度仍有很大分歧。"