题目内容

20．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你的同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下写出该词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉．
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词．
2 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分．
Dear Mandy，
I'm not doing well in my lessons at school，especial in maths．My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university．He thinks I'm lazy，but it's not true．I work really hard，often study late into the night!I've tried to talk to my mother，but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does．My brother doesn't study very hard，and he always gets excellent grades．It's not fair!The only thing I like it is art．My teacher says I'm the best student she's had for year．When I told my dad，all he said was，"You mustn't waste your time in art．You must focus your mind on your lessons!"I'm feeling quite puzzling as to what to do now．Would you please help me out？
Thanks a lot!
Yours sincerely，
Lisa．

分析 本文为一篇求助信，Lisa在学习上遇到了麻烦．她很努力地学习数学，但成绩依旧不理想，她的父母都认为是她不够努力．她很困惑，于是写信向Mandy求助．

解答
详解：
1．答案especial改为especially．考查副词．此处应由副词修饰介词短语in maths．故especial改为especially． 
2．答案go前加to．考查非谓语动词．want后跟不定式作宾补，want sb．to do sth，想要某人做某事．故go前加to． 
3．答案study改为studying．考查非谓语动词．studying作work hard的伴随状语．故将study改为studying． 
4．答案said改为says．考查时态．根据前后语境应用一般现在时，故said改为says． 
5．答案like改为as．考查状语从句．like前有as，as…as…连接比较状语从句，故like改为as． 
6．答案and改为but．考查连词．前后分句是转折关系，应将and改为but．句意：我的哥哥学习不是很努力，但他总能考得理想的分数． 
7．答案去掉it．考查定语从句．I like是thing的定语从句，引导词that作like的宾语已经省略，不能再出现it作宾语，故去掉it．
8．答案year改为years．考查名词单复数．for years好多年．故将year改为years． 
9．答案in改为on/over．考查介词．waste time on/over sth．在某事上浪费时间．故in改为on/over． 
10．答案puzzling改为puzzled．考查形容词．主语是I，应用puzzled作表语，"感到迷惑的"，puzzling意为"令人迷惑的"，故将puzzling改为puzzled．

点评 短文改错题，在了解大意的基础上，判断出短文所使用的时态、语态、短文整体的逻辑性及所处的语境．然后，从整体篇章结构、内容意思和逻辑上正确选词．根据上下文之间的内在联系和语言的逻辑关系，要把做好的答案进行复读，从固定搭配、习惯用语、词的用法、语法规则、语言表达习惯和逻辑推理上考虑．

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10．[1]Every few weeks，Lu Jinhua's family met for dinner at a restaurant close to her home in Beijing．But the happy mealtime almost always ended with an unhappy scene：her children would insist that Lu leave the table before she embarrassed them by asking to take the leftover food home in takeaway bags．
[2]But on Sunday，the 63-year-old lady was，delighted to discover that the restaurant had made a number of changes．A poster on the Samfdearly stated，"Save food，don't waste it"． Instead of persuading customers to order expensive dishes，the waitress suggested a small order that could be added later if people were still hungry．At the end of the dinner，Lu's daughter even volunteered to ___________．
[3]"This is the happiest dinner I had in that restaurant so far，and I am so glad to see these changes．"Lu said．
[4]A campaign against food wastage is sweeping China，a country where 128 million people live below the poverty line．Every year，food valued at 200 billion yuan （ $32 billion） is thrown away in China．The volume is equivalent to the amount consumed by more than 200 million people during a 12-month period．
[5]A proposal opposing waste in January is part of a drive by China's new leaders．Many provinces have launched their own more-detailed versions．Henan province has ordered that business meals should have no more than four dishes，and alcohol is prohibited．Guizllou has set a time limit of 45 minutes on meals paid for by the public purse．
[6]The public has also adopted the idea．Many restaurants discourage customers from ordering more than they can eat．Taking leftovers home is encouraged．Some of them have started to use smaller platcs and the prices are cheaper．A proposal on the Internet calling on people to eat everything on their plate attracted the participation of 2.74 million people within the first two weeks．
76．How-docs the author start the topic of the passage？（ no more than 5 words）
By telling a real story
77．did Lu Jinhua's children refuse to take the leftover food home？（ no more than 8 words）They prefer to leave the leftover food．
78．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words，（no more than 5 words）take the leftover food home/ask for takeaway"doggy"bags
79．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about？（no more than 10 words）The government has taken measures to oppose food wastage．
80．What's the public's attitude to the government's proposal？（ no more than 8 words）They support/back up the government's proposal．/They are in favour of saving food．．
11．In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day．Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game．This can be the most important event of the year except graduation or commencement day（毕业典礼）．Students plan Homecoming Day for many weeks in advance．
Several days before Homecoming，students start to decorate the school．There are signs to wish luck to the team，and many other signs to welcome all the graduates．Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after their graduation．
The members of school clubs build booths（摊位） and sell lemonade（柠檬），apples and sandwiches．Some clubs help to welcome visitors．
During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago．Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school．
Everyone soon comes to watch the football game．When the game is half over，the band comes onto the field and plays school songs．Another important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears．All the students vote a most popular student．It is a great honor to be chosen．
Homecoming is a happy day，but it is not perfect unless the football team wins the game．Even if the team loses，the students still enjoy Homecoming．Some stay at the school to dance，and others go to a party．For everyone it is a day worth remembering．
25．The most important event of the year in American high schools and colleges isD．
A．Homecoming  
B．the football game  
C． winning the game  
D．graduation．
26．When do students begin to arrange everything for Homecoming？A
A．．Many weeks before the day．
B．The day before Homecoming
C．When the guests arrive    
D．In the days before Homecoming．
27．Which of the following is NOT done on Homecoming Day？C
A．To see old friends．
B．To call on teachers they remember．
C．To go home to see their family      
D．To watch the football game
28．Who can probably become Homecoming Queen or King？B
A．The guest who is most popular with the students．
B．The student who is liked most by the others．
C．The student who is most liked by the guests．
D．The player who plays best in the football game．
8．We were in _____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets．（　　）
A．a rush so anxiousB．a such anxious rush
C．so an anxious rushD．such an anxious rush
15．I was called to examine a dog named Belker．Its owners，and their little boy，Shane，loved  Belker．
I found he was dying of cancer．I said we couldn't save Belker，and offered to perform the euthanasia．
As we made arrangements，the parents told me they thought（61）itwould be good for six-year-
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3．Who Are Today's Immigrants？
The world's population is more mobile today than ever before．In 2010，more than 200million people left their home countries to live in a new country．This is about 3percent of the total world population．Some experts believe that number will swell to 400million by 2050．Rates of immigration have remained strong for the last 300years，but patters of immigration have changed since World War II．The backgrounds and experiences of today's immigrants are different from those of the typical European immigrant of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries．Contemporary immigrants range from unskilled laborers to highly skilled professionals，and they come from and go to countries all over the world．
In the nineteenth century and until World War II，immigration was primarily in one direction-from the Old World to the New World．This is no longer the case．Countries such as Russia and China，which have long been，and continue to be，significant source countries，are now also destination countries．There is also considerable mobility inside regions，such as from one European country to another，or among the countries of the former Soviet Union．
In spite of such differences，the push and pull factors for immigration remain essentially the same as they were 100years ago．Most people move to another country because they want a better life．For the majority of immigrants，this means better economic conditions．As in past generations，a labor shortage in one country often draws workers from another country，especially if wages are significantly higher．In some small countries，for example，Qatar，United Arab Emirates，and Kuwait，there are more jobs than citizens．The demand for labor is so high that the majority of the population consists of foreign-born workers，ranging from highly skilled engineers and financial experts to domestic and construction workers．
In traditional destination countries，such as the United States，however，labor needs have changed．Today，although there is still demand for unskilled labor，there is increasing demand for people with a high level of skill and education．The need for less skilled labor has shifted to other countries．As work on farms and in industry in the United States and Canada once drew workers from all over the world，now work in factories in Taiwan and south Korea attracts workers from Vietnam，the Philippines，and Cambodia．
Most global immigration is legal：however，a large number of people also move across national borders illegally in pursuit of employment．Experts estimate that about 15to 20percent of immigrants worldwide are in their new countries illegally．The United States has the largest number of these immigrants，followed by South Africa，with significant numbers also in Northern and Western Europe and Mexico．These immigrants face particular challenges because they often must hide from the authorities who might deport them back to their home countries．Their illegal status also means that employers may take advantage of them by forcing them to work longer hours and paying them less than the legal minimum wage．
Although economics remains the most important motivation in all forms of immigrant，other factors are also important．Some people decide to leave their home countries because their actions or political beliefs make it dangerous for them to remain．Others choose to leave because their home country has become too dangerous and unstable，often because of war or political unrest．They wish to find a place that is secure for themselves and their families．Education is also a significant factor for many modern immigrants．They want to raise their children in a place where they can get a good education，which，in turn，they hope will provide them with better prospects for the future．Finally，family and community ties also play a role in immigration decisions．As in the past，once a group of people from one country establishes a community in a new country，more people from that country is likely to follow．
The pattern，direction，and rate of immigration may change as the global economy changes．However，as long as life in a new country is more attractive than life in the old country，immigration will continue．

53．According to the reading，what are the patterns of immigration in China and Russia today？C
A．They are major destination countries for immigrants．
B．They are major source countries for immigration．
C．Many people leave these countries while many people also immigrate to them．
D．Some people immigrate to these countries but many more people leave them．
54．Why is the percentage of foreign-born workers so high in Kuwait，Qatar，and the United Arab Emirates？B
A．These countries pay very high wages，so they attract many foreign workers．
B．There are not enough native-born workers in these countries so they must recruit workers from other countries．
C．It is very easy to immigrate to these countries．
D．These countries are very stable so many workers prefer to go there．
55．Why do some employers sometimes pay illegal immigrants less than the legal minimum wage？C
A．They often do not speak good English．
B．Employers know that they will not complain about their wages to authorities．
C．Authorities might send illegal immigrants back to their home country．
D．Illegal workers often cause problems for employers．
56．Which is not the factor contributing to the immigration？B
A．Education         
B．Religious freedom
C．Political unstability  
D．Family and community connections．
20．Most Westerners-particularly most Americans-are not nearly as concerned about protocol （礼节） in social matters as Chinese people are．America is a nation of immigrants．It's made up of people from all over the world，all of whom bring their own traditions and habits with them．Thus you needn't worry much about"proper"behavior（举止）：who sits next to whom at the dinner table，what is the suitable dress for the occasion，etc．，unless you receive a formal invitation to a dinner or party．
Americans are very direct people．When you want something you say"Yes"and when you don't，you say"No"．If you want something different from what is offered，you ask for it．Westerners will not ask you again and again or try to press something on you after you have said you don't want it．In fact，if you say"No"when you really want something to drink or to eat，you may find yourself very thirsty or hungry．
But there are a few Western customs which are very important and you should try at all times to observe．A Westerner doesn't leave his paper or cloth on the table．He puts it on his lap where it's supposed to protect his clothes from spilled food or uses it to wipe his hand or mouth when necessary．
A Westerner doesn't put his own fork，knife or spoon into a serving bowl．He uses it in the bowl to put some of the food on his own plate，and then returns the serving fork（knife or spoon） to the bowl．
A Westerner doesn't spit food anywhere．If he has bones in his mouth，he takes them out with his fingers and places them on the edge of his plate，never on the table or floor．
A Westerner doesn't belch（打嗝） out loud．If he does，he says"Excuse me"quietly and goes on with the conversation．
64．People in AmericaA．
A．come from different countries in the world
B．mainly come from Europe
C．mainly come from Asia
D．come from China
65．If you are hungry，and you still say you don't want to eat，thenD．
A．a Westerner will ask you again and again
B．you will be forced to eat
C．you will feel glad and happy
D．you will surely find yourself hungry still
66．According to the passage，WesternersD．
A．care what they wear very much
B．care who offers the first toast at dinner
C．do the same things as Chinese do
D．don't care what you wear，who sits next to whom．
1．Have you ever intended to be fully absorbed in your work but found yourself distracted （走神） by e-mail，the Internet and other things throughout the day？
"People often lose their concentration when they are bored，of course，but also when they are engaged in challenging tasks，"says Peter Bregman．"They sometimes have a feeling to escape from what's difficult or boring，so they jump out，"he says．The part of the brain devoted to attention is connected to the brain's emotional center．Any strong emotion-quarrels with colleagues，problems at home-can interrupt our attention．Studies over the last decade have shown that too much work to do at a time can easily lead to distraction．
Refocusing is hard for many people．Robert Epstein suggests the following，"Stop and listen to music for a few minutes．Go for a short walk or take a deep breath，where you breathe in deeply，count to five slowly，hold it and breathe out very slowly．"This can"blow out all the tension and the unwanted in your mind to restore your focus．"
Take more control by structuring your time and becoming more aware of your behaviors．"Setting the phone alarm to go off every hour is my way of creating awareness，"Mr．Bregman says，"You have to inform yourself that you've lost focus in order to do something about it．"Starting the day with a to-do list is important，such as when to eat，when to go to the gym or take a walk．But if it's overly ambitious，you will put yourself in a state of anxiety，which makes it hard for the brain to concentrate．"Choosing three or four things as your priority （优先） for the day allows your brain to settle down and focus，"he says．
TopicHow to become more （76）focused/concentratedon the work？
（77）Causesof
getting
distracted		▲People tend to get away from things that they're （78）fedup with．
▲Strong （79）emotions/feelingsaffect the brain's part for attention．
▲People get distracted easily if （80）given/offered/assignedmultitasks at a time．
（81）Examples/Casesof
strong emotions		▲having a （82）quarrelwith a colleague．
▲meeting with problems at home
Tips on holding
attention		▲Stop working to restore your focus by （83）regulating/adjustingyour breath and try
different relaxing things．
▲（84）Plan/Schedule/Arrange/Structureyour time effectively and create awareness of your be-haviors．
▲Make a to-do list at the beginning of a working day．
▲Focus on 3 or 4 things and get them done （85）firstfor the day．

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