题目内容

All over the world people enjoy sports.Sports help to keep people healthy,happy and help them to live longer.
Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.
Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities.The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life;they use them in their sports,too.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them.Football,for example,has spread around the world.Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years,like running or jumping.Chinese boxing,for example,has a very long history.But basketball and volleyball are rather new.Neither one is a hundred years old yet.People are inventing new sports or games all the time.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other but after a game they often become good friends.Sports help to train a person's character(性格).One learns to fight hard but fight fair,to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面)
小题1:The writer didn't tell us in this passage that________.
A.basketball was invented in America
B.sports change with the season
C.games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities
D.football is played all over the world
小题2:People all over the world enjoy sports because_______.
A.sports are interesting
B.sports help to keep people healthy,happy and to live longer
C.sports help to train one’s character
D.all of the above
小题3:From this passage we can see that _____.
A.sports and games are unimportant things that people do
B.sports and games should be treated(对待)only as amusement(娱乐活动)
C.sports and games are only useful to the old
D.none of the above is true

小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:D

试题分析:文章介绍了运动的相关知识,不同运动的起源,还有运动给人们带来的好处。
小题1:排除题:文章的二、三、四段分别提到BCD项,文章没有涉及A项内容。选A。
小题2:细节题:第一段提到B项内容,第四段提到A项内容,最后一段提到C项内容,可知D正确。
小题3:细节题:从文章第一段的句子:All over the world people enjoy sports可知C是错的,文章最后一段的句子:People from different countries may not be able to understand each other,可知A是错的,最后一段的句子:Sports help to train a person's character(性格).One learns to fight hard but fight fair,to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面)可知B是错的,选D。
点评:文章内容简单,题目也以细节题为主,带着题目到文章找到信息句,答案就能找出,主旨非常明显,有的题目可以用排除的方法做。在抓住主旨的前提下,带着题目在文章中找到相关的信息,结合语境,做出准确的判断。
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“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine,newspaper,radio and television ads,promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs,slim the face,smooth wrinkles,or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money­making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable,and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public,it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug,FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device,FDA has no authority to require the proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health,FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily,or it can take legal action,including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor,which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously,most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律诉讼),and new devices appear continually. Before buying,it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
小题1:It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.
A.objectiveB.costlyC.unreliableD.illegal
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B.New products are more likely to be questionable. 
C.The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D.The promoters usually just care about profits.
小题3:FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product________.
A.if it is a drug
B.if it is a device
C.if its consumers make complaints
D.if its distributors challenge FDA's authority
小题4:The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.
A.a product which was designed to produce electricity
B.a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C.a successful advertisement of a beauty product
D.an example of a quality beauty product
World Health Day is celebrated on 7 April to mark the anniversary of the founding of WHO in 1948. Each year a theme is selected for World Health Day that highlights a priority area of public health concern in the world. 
The theme for 2013 is high blood pressure. High blood pressure increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes(中风). If left uncontrolled, high blood pressure can also cause blindness, irregularities of the heartbeat and heart failure. The risk of developing these complications is higher in the presence of other risk factors such as diabetes(糖尿病). One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and this increases with age, from 1 in 10 people in their 20s and 30s to 5 in 10 people in their 50s. High blood pressure is most common in some low-income countries in Africa, with over 40% of adults in many African countries thought to be affected.
However, high blood pressure is both preventable and treatable. In some developed countries, prevention and treatment of it has brought about a reduction in deaths from heart disease. The risk of developing high blood pressure can be reduced by: reducing salt intake; eating a balanced diet; avoiding harmful use of alcohol; taking regular physical activity; keeping a healthy body weight; and avoiding tobacco use.
The final and most important goal of World Health Day 2013 is to reduce heart attacks and strokes, which includes as follows:
1.to raise awareness of the causes and consequences of high blood pressure;
2.to provide information on how to prevent high blood pressure
3.to encourage adults to check their blood pressure and to follow the advice of health-care professionals.
小题1:High blood pressure can cause medical problems like_____.
A.heart diseases, strokes and blindnessB.strokes, heart failure and diabetes
C.heart attacks, blindness and diabetesD.heart troubles,strokes and cancers
小题2:Who are most likely to be affected by high blood pressure?
A.Those who are in their 20sB.Those who are in their 30s
C.Those who are in their 40sD.Those who are in their 50s
小题3:Which of the following can NOT reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure?
A.Less salt intakeB.Putting on weightC.Regular exerciseD.No smoking
小题4:The text is mainly about______.
A.the theme for World Health Day 2013 B.the causes of high blood pressure
C.the treatment of heart attacks and strokesD.how to reduce the risk of high blood pressure
Ten years ago I used to be very fit. I rode a bike to work and I got a lot of exercise at weekends. I used to play tennis a lot and go for long walks. In those days I didn’t earn very much. I had a job in an office. It wasn’t a very good job but I had a lot of time to do the things I enjoyed doing.
Then, about eight years ago, I got a much better job. The pay was better, but the hours were a lot longer. I bought a car and drove to work every day. I began to take people out to lunch. And I began to put on weight, too. I stopped playing tennis and going for long walks at weekends because I just didn’t have any time for things like that any more.
There’s a lot of stress in my job. Perhaps that’s why I started drinking more than I used to. For example, I used to have only half a glass of whisky when I got home, but then I started filling my glass to the top, and instead of having one glass, I would have several. I started smoking a lot, too. I never used to smoke at all.
Two months ago I had a heart attack. At first I just couldn’t believe it. Luckily it wasn’t very serious. The doctor advised me to stop smoking and to eat less. He also advised me to work less and get more exercise. But I just haven’t any time! My job takes everything out of me!
Sometimes I wonder if I should get another job. Perhaps I could do something as I used to. But if I do that, I won’t earn as much. I have a family to support. I have to think of them, too. I just don’t know what I should do. What do you think?
小题1:Compared with ten years ago, what is worse for the author now?
A.His job.B.His pay.
C.His means of transport. D.His health.
小题2:According to the passage, when the author got the better job, which of the following is NOT true?
A.He got higher pay.B.His working hours weren’t long.
C.He found it very stressful. D.He had little free time at weekends.
小题3:After the author had a heart attack, the doctor advised him ____________.
A.not to work any longer
B.to take a long vacation abroad
C.to stop smoking and take exercise
D.not to eat out any more
小题4:What can we learn about the author?
A.The author is not sure what he should do now.
B.The author has taken the doctor’s advice already.
C.The author has got another new job.
D.The author feels much better now.
Lack of exercise is considered a risk factor for cancer. There is considerable evidence that inactivity is connected with increased risk for lung cancer, breast cancer, etc.
In the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, more than 32,000 people (25,000 men and 7,000 women) were given a preventive medical examination that included a machine exercise test to measure physical fitness. They were given a physical fitness score, with one being the lowest and five being the highest fitness level. Then these people were followed for an average of 8 years. During this time, 179 men and 44 women died of cancer.
Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study show people have lower rates of cancer with higher levels of physical fitness. Studies from the Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research in Dallas suggest that men with high fitness levels are less likely to die of cancer.
The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study also found that fitness level was more important than weight in predicting longevity (长寿). While results showed that fitness and normal weight are the ideal combination, researchers found that men who were fat but performed well in the machine performance had just a slightly increased all-cause death rate, including cancer, compared to the more slim men. The fat, but fit, men particularly lived longer than the slim, but flabby (肌肉松弛的), men.
These statistics called for a warning to the overweight: The first health goal for the overweight should be to become as fit as possible at their current weight.
67. 小题1:The text mainly talks about________.
A.the effect of exercise on reducing chances of cancer
B.how to lose weight effectively
C.different ways to keep slim
D.fat men live longer than slim ones
68. 小题2:What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The study on the life of the overweight.
B.The study on the relationship between taking exercise and cancer.
C.The study on the ways of losing weight.
D.The study on the effects of machine exercise.
69. 小题3:Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 4?
A.Fitness levels have more effects than weight on people’s longevity.
B.A man who is fit and has normal weight is most likely to live longer.
C.Slim men are more likely to live longer.
D.Fat people who like exercising are also likely to live longer.
70. 小题4:The author thinks the most important thing for the overweight is to ______.
A.increase their fitness levelsB.choose to eat vegetables
C.be on a dietD.ask for help from doctors
Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
小题1:The title of the passage should be        .
A.Short people and their taller peers
B.Men and women
C.Short stature and short life
D.Long life and short life
小题2:“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .
A.a studyB.a markerC.a riskD.an age
小题3:Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A.People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.
B.Women were more likely to die at a young age.
C.Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.
D.Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.
小题4:Short stature may be caused by        .
A.less childhood nutritionB.heart disease
C.some illnessesD.high blood pressure
小题5:The topic in this passage is probably connected with
A.space medicineB.sports medicine
C.social medicineD.industrial medicine
Ever tried taking smart drugs to perform better in exams? They certainly work. Before last summer's exam, a few of my mates, merely out of curiosity, took a considerable amount of Modafinil, a drug normally used for narcolepsy(嗜眠发作症). Guess what? While I was feeling sleepy, bored by revision, my mates were more focused.
Modafinil is a smart drug that gives a user a feeling of staying awake for hours. It also sharpens the mind, improves memory and helps problem-solving.
But it does more than just keeping you awake. It disturbs your mental system, making you desperate to do what you are doing. You just don't want to do anything else but revise all the time non-stop.
A recent study discovers that healthy people use smart drugs, like Modafinil, to get down to and complete tasks they have been putting off, because these tasks seem more enjoyable when taking these drugs. This might sound like what a stressed student desires. However, the pills have a range of side-effects.
"At present no evidence shows that these drugs are safe in healthy people," as a medical expert puts it, "Ordering online, though easy, is a dangerous way to obtain drugs. You never know what you're actually purchasing. "
In my experience, Modafinil changes people's behaviour too. Over those weeks my friends became different people—in turn aggressive, cold. Even eating became "a waste of time" and so did conversation.
A BBC survey found that of those who had tried smart drugs before, 92% would do so again. My friends say they'd happily do so without considering the practice a form of cheating.
I admit I was curious—but not enough to try it. Seeing the strange behaviour of other users, I feel a little bit upset and scary. Modafinil may promise to change your grades, but it might also change the way you act. Don't say you haven't been warned!
小题1:According to the author, his mates took Modafinil for the purpose of______.
A.escaping from realityB.getting better exam results
C.curing their narcolepsyD.leading an active life
小题2:Taking the smart drug can lead to ______.
A.cheating in the examB.dropping out of school
C.youth crime(犯罪)D.drug addiction(上瘾)
小题3:What does the author think of his mates' taking the smart drugs?
A.Worrying.B.Inspiring.
C.Acceptable.D.Reasonable.
小题4:Which statement about Modafinil is wrong?
A.Modafinil sharpens the mind and helps problem-solving.
B.Modafinil more than just keeps you awake.
C.Modafinil has a range of side effects.
D.Modafinil is safe in healthy people.
小题5:Who are the target readers of this passage?
A.Teachers.B.Doctors.C.Scientists.D.Students.
Since 1950, the amount of information about the nutrition of food has increased by nearly 900 percent. Besides this fact, obesity has risen by 214 percent and nearly two out of every three adults in America are overweight or obese. Being overweight is not only an appearance problem, and it also increases the risk of various diseases including diabetes, sleep disorder and cancer.
With so much nutritional knowledge easy to find, we cannot simply ignore our present obesity epidemic(流行病). We know that fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin. Though we are overweight, many of us choose junk food over healthy food out of habits. One explanation for our strong desire for junk food is that we learn to connect junk food with positive feelings when we are young, and changing this attitude requires a huge amount of confidence and determination. Fortunately, new research published in May 2012 has shown a simple and accessible way to make healthier food choices- the one that doesn’t rely on great determination.
The research was based on two separate studies and it was carried out by T. Bettina Cornwell of the University of Oregon and Anna R. McAlister of Michigan State University. In the first study, 60 adults between the ages of 19 and 23 were questioned about the role of food and drinks. The survey tells us that adults prefer sweetened drinks with high-calorie, salty foods, to sweetened drinks with vegetables.
In the second study, 75 children between the ages of 3 and 5 were gathered for some experiments including drinks served with vegetables. The preschooler experiments were carried out under different situations and on different days. The researchers found that the children chose to take more green vegetables when they were served with water instead of a sweetened drink.
According to Cornwell, children learn to connect high calorie, sugary drinks such as cola, with high fat foods such as French fries, from a very early age. McAlister adds that early taste development appears to play an important role in food choices later in life. Meals served at home and meals offered at restaurants, set the stage for this idea and for the preference to choose junk food over healthy food, when beginning to take sweetened drinks.
“Our taste preferences are heavily influenced by regularly eating particular food and drinking particular drink,” states Cornwell. “If the drink on the table goes against both adults and children eating their vegetables, then perhaps it is time to change that drink… and to serve water with all meals. Restaurants could easily use water as free drink for children’s meals and charge extra money for other drinks.” Both McAlister and Cornwell are confident that serving water with meals could effectively reduce the nation’s obesity rates, diabetes rates and ever rising healthcare costs.
小题1:What may cause the risk of diseases according to the text?
A.Over nutrition.B.Obesity.C.Unbalance diets.D.Junk food.
小题2:What makes many of us choose junk food according to the author?
A.Positive feelings about food.B.High calorie of junk food.
C.Nice taste.D.Eating habits.
小题3:The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means”_________”.
A.quickB.usefulC.easy to changeD.easy to get
小题4:From Paragraph5, we know that __________.
A.children may like sugary and high-calorie drinks even from an early age
B.early preference for food and drink may influence food choices later in life
C.easy preference for drinks should not be allowed in most of the restaurants
D.restaurants should provide the same food and drink as those at home
小题5:Which would be the best title for this text?
A.Stop children drinking sugary drinks
B.Drink water to eat more healthy
C.Change eating habits to lose weight
D.Eat healthy food at home
Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as had as they might think it was before and, in essence(本质上), it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 
小题1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
A.Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.
B.Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.
C.Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried
D.Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.
小题2:Which of the following if TRUE?
A.In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.
B.In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.
C.Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests.
D.The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?
A.Giving outB.Fading awayC.Becoming clearly D.Appearing suddenly
小题4:what is most probably Sian Beilock?
A.A psychology professor.B.A philosophy researcher.
C.A politics professor D.A tutor
小题5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.It is a common practice for students being worried before a test.
B.Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.
C.Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.
D.It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.

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