题目内容

“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper，radio and television ads，promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs，slim the face，smooth wrinkles，or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money­making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device，FDA has no authority to require the proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health，FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily，or it can take legal action，including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律诉讼)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying，it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
小题1:It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.
A．objectiveB．costlyC．unreliableD．illegal
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B．New products are more likely to be questionable. 
C．The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D．The promoters usually just care about profits.
小题3:FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product________.
A．if it is a drug
B．if it is a device
C．if its consumers make complaints
D．if its distributors challenge FDA's authority
小题4:The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.
A．a product which was designed to produce electricity
B．a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C．a successful advertisement of a beauty product
D．an example of a quality beauty product

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B

试题分析：本文叙述了一些所谓的塑身、健美、美容的商品广告，商家和促销商仅仅是为了挣钱，而实际的结果令人怀疑，有些还有害于健康。事实证明，许多投放在市场上的医疗设备并不受法律的约束，在购买前消费者要自己判断它们的安全和效果。
小题1:推理判断题。objective客观的； costly昂贵的； unreliable 不可信的； illegal非法的。由第四段可知促销商仅仅为了赚钱，而这些产品的效果令人怀疑。故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Often such products are nothing more than money­making things for their promoters. 可知促销商仅仅为了赚钱，故选 D。
小题3:细节理解题。根据If the product is a drug，FDA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market.可知如果是药物，FDA就可以要求这个产品的安全性和有效性，故选 A。
小题4:细节理解题。One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline (腰围). The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life. Relaxacisor是一种有害的于身体的医疗设备，并因此引发了一个案件。故选B。
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Country-dwellers(农村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排挤) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧视) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers.
D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers.
小题2:The research from Cardiff University was based on the people’s _________.
A．interests.B．characters.C．occupations.D．lifestyles.
小题3:It can be inferred that  ___________.
A．people like living in towns and cities
B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life
C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others
D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers.
小题4:Non-affective psychosis is a kind of mental illnesses that is linked to ________
A．character change B．temperature rise
C．pressure increaseD．energy weakening
小题5:We can learn from the last paragraph that generally ________ .
A．women living in villages live the longest
B．women living in cities live the longest
C．men living in villages live the longest
D．men living in cities live the longest.
Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to cause heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease (心血管病). Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. High blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease—a leading killer in many industrialized countries.
But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role.
Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized.
The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual(体力的) workers, could be as great risk of heart disease than other employees. “ It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employees to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes,” the foundation said in a statement.
小题1:Healthy people may die from heart disease of ____________.
A．too much job stress B．working too hardC．feeling valuedD．being satisfied
小题2:Which one of the following is NOT right according to this passage?
A．High blood pressure is likely to cause heart disease.
B．Being overweight may cause heart disease.
C．Job stress is most likely to cause heart disease.
D．Working long hours must cause heart disease.
小题3:The underlined word “minimized” in the third paragraph means “_________”.
A．increasedB．reducedC．raisedD．cured
小题4:The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to _________.
A．advise people not to work long hours
B．suggest that everyone be satisfied with everything
C．ask us to learn to enjoy ourselves
D．tell us that job stress threatens our health nowadays.
If you were on the street in Mexico today you might think you were in an operating room, surrounded by doctors. You could see many concerned people with masks (口罩) trying their best to stop the swine flu (猪流感). And the masks aren’t only being used in Mexico. A friend of mine traveling from New York City to Florida was given a mask and a pair of gloves just after he reached the airport. And another friend went to get a haircut only to be faced with a hairdresser wearing a mask!
But do the masks really work? Is covering your nose and mouth the key to stopping the swine flu? To find out the truth, ABC’s reporter Sharyn Alfonsi talked with germ (细菌) expert Dr. Elaine Larsen. It turns out that when you sneeze (打喷嚏) the air coming out of your mouth at a speed of one hundred miles per hour carries germs which can travel anywhere around you and make people around you infected (被感染).
However, whether you become infected actually depends on the weather. As Sharyn reported, when you sneeze, the germs leave your body in small drops of water coming out of your mouth. If the weather is wet, the wet air will make the small drops bigger and heavier and they drop down towards our feet. If this happens, we won’t become infected. But if the air is dry, those small drops can float higher up, making it possible for them to touch someone else’s nose, mouth or their mask.
Larsen says the masks can stop the germs well but after a few hours, they start to get wet, holding a lot of germs they come across and causing you to breathe them in. The masks do work, but the key to stopping the germs is changing your masks often.
小题1:According to Para.1, in Mexico you can see that ____.
A．the patients are treated in the open air
B．some doctors work in the street
C．people speak little to each other in the street
D．many people wear masks in the street
小题2:According to the passage a patient spreads germs mainly through ____.
A．breathingB．SpeakingC．touching othersD．sneezing
小题3:We learn from the passage that on a wet day ____.
A．sick people will be infected
B．germs can spread very far
C．germs spread very quickly
D．few people will be infected
小题4:If you keep wearing a mask for a long time, ____.
A．the mask will be old and worn out
B．you’ll love the feeling of wearing it
C．germs will be kept away from you
D．it will be easy for you to be infected
小题5:What should we pay attention to when wearing masks?
A．Keeping the masks dry.B．Changing the masks often.
C．Choosing very thick masks.D．Wearing big masks.
There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the _  _ it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can  _ _ people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films __ __ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to    exercise.  It decreases blood pressure, the heart beat and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter   the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors     pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the     time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish( 减少 ) both stress and pain.
As a      of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by   __ them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects      to those caused by laughter.
小题1:
A．harmB．strengthC．effectD．good
小题2:
A．helpB．improveC．increaseD．damage
小题3:
A．ifB．butC．whileD．since
小题4:
A．mentalB．physicalC．practicalD．medical
小题5:
A．guaranteesB．appliesC．maintainsD．exercises
小题6:
A．overlookedB．producedC．preservedD．ensured
小题7:
A．remainingB．restC．longestD．adequate
小题8:
A．factB．matterC．resultD．sign
小题9:
A．encouragingB．allowingC．assistingD．reminding
小题10:
A．respectfulB．subtleC．adaptableD．similar
Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggested.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
　　"Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular（心血管） and respiratory（呼吸道） diseases. This is not a small effect."
　　Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
　　Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung（粪便）, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
　　And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
　　"Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
　　Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
　　For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
A．How can people live longer?
B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives.
C．Global warming threatens people’s lives.
D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels.
小题2:The new research differs from past studies in that _______.
A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions
B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming
C．it is believed by more people
D．it mainly targets at developing countries
小题3:According to Kathleen Sebelius, _______.
A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels
B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels
D．deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions
小题4: Which of the following is the most practical way to cut carbon dioxide emissions according to the passage? _________.
A．Driving less
B．Walking and cycling as much as possible.
C．Stopping using fossil fuels
D．Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook.
小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A．London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year
C．walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease
D．attacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory


The Green Microgym in Portland，Oregon has all the usual stuff you'd expect-sweaty people，loud music，smooth exercise equipment-but it has some extras as well. Everywhere you look，there are power wires. And these aren't the typical kind that let you surf the Web while you ride a spin cycle-although. you can do that too．The gym uses special exercise equipment that captures（捕获）the energy you create while riding, converts（转换）it into electricity and channels it into the power outlets（插座）．
The idea of using exercise equipment to produce electricity is not new. A gym in Hong Kong has been doing this since 2007. But clean (and healthy）energy is just now starting to catch on in U. S. gyms·"We have seen a significant increase in interest in the past six months，which is a good sign that fitness centers are ready to spend money on green technologies，” says Mike Curnyn，co-founder of the Green Revolution，a Connecticut-based firm that wires bikes into a central battery that can store energy.
The Green Microgym，first opened in 2008，has more than 200 members and is doing so well that owner Adam Boesel opened another one five miles from the original．Although membership costs about the same as ordinary gyms，customers can earn gift certificates from local businesses for watts produced while exercising．An average workout creates 37. 5 watt hours，which is enough to power a phone for a week．
Boesel uses spin bikes made by Resource Fitness，a Seattle company he co-owns，that captures energy produced from the flywheel. Wires send the converted AC current（交流电流）into any standard wall outlet-for this reason，the product line's name is Plug Out-and the energy created is used before the building draws power from the grid（电网）．Unlike the Green Revolution equipment，Plug Out machines cannot store extra energy. A third company，the Florida-based ReRev，is adding converters to a specific brand of spin bikes. But since the converters add＄1，000 to the price of the equipment，the ReRev and Green Revolution machines are at a disadvantage．
Resource Fitness，by contrast，sells its equipment for the same＄1，200 price as non- electricity-producing machines，removing the question of how long it will be until the energy savings pay for the cost of the unit．The company can afford to do this because its designs don’t call for the extra wiring needed for battery packs and large converters．It is also trying to price competitively with standard equipment so more gyms-and gym goers-will make the switch．
小题1:Members of the Green Microgym earn gift certificates for_______．
A．using the man-powered exercise equipment
B．saving electricity for local businesses
C．producing green electricity to power their phones
D．paying higher membership fees
小题2:The spin bikes made by Resource Fitness are different from those by Green Revolution in that_______.
A．they are easier to ride
B．they are more expensive
C．they don't have wires connected
D．they can not store extra electricity
小题3:What might prevent the green exercise equipment from getting more popular？
A．People's unwillingness to go green．
B．The high cost of making it.
C．Safety problems concerning electricity.
D．Lack of certificates．
小题4:The underlined words“make the switch”in the last paragraph most probably mean_____.
A．change to a different gym
B．use green exercise equipment
C．switch on the spin bikes
D．add a battery to the machine
A car needs gas to run as your body needs food to work for you. Eating the right kinds of food is very important. A good eating habit can help your body grow strong if you take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all of these foods together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may be easier to eat fish and chips for your supper all the time. But you will find yourself tired and you will not be able to think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having good eating habits with some exercise is the key to your health.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following diets do you think is the best one?
A．Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.B．Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.
C．Corn, fish, ice cream and pork.D．Rice, beancurd, fish and chicken.
小题2:In this passage the writer mainly tells us that ______.
A．every person needs food to grow well
B．taking exercise can keep your body strong
C．the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy
D．enough energy helps people think more quickly
All over the world people enjoy sports．Sports help to keep people healthy，happy and help them to live longer．
Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer．
Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities．The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life；they use them in their sports，too．
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them．Football，for example，has spread around the world．Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers．
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years，like running or jumping．Chinese boxing，for example，has a very long history．But basketball and volleyball are rather new．Neither one is a hundred years old yet．People are inventing new sports or games all the time．
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other but after a game they often become good friends．Sports help to train a person's character(性格)．One learns to fight hard but fight fair，to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面)
小题1:The writer didn't tell us in this passage that________．
A．basketball was invented in America
B．sports change with the season
C．games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities
D．football is played all over the world
小题2:People all over the world enjoy sports because_______.
A．sports are interesting
B．sports help to keep people healthy，happy and to live longer
C．sports help to train one’s character
D．all of the above
小题3:From this passage we can see that _____．
A．sports and games are unimportant things that people do
B．sports and games should be treated(对待)only as amusement(娱乐活动)
C．sports and games are only useful to the old
D．none of the above is true

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