Question

【题目】根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
The healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life,to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber's mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics(流体静力学)sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is probably why the experts enforce this in our educational system.But it is not the natural way---nor, in my view, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does the appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.
They do these things better in primitive life,for there at puberty(青春期) the boy joins his father in making canoes,patching huts,going out fishing or hunting.He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life.It is not surprising that anthropologists(人类学家) find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic(神经质的) “difficulties” as those of civilized life.This is not,as some assume,because they are permitted more sexual freedom,but because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.
In the 19th century this was recognized in the apprenticeship system,which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter,or ploughman,to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending,and so to learn his trade.In some agricultural colleges at the present time young men have to do a year's work on a farm before their theoretical training at college.The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them,and he can therefore take a more intelligent interest in his theoretical work.
Since more knowledge of more things is now required in order to cope with the adult world, the period of growing-up to independence takes much longer than it did in more primitive community,and the responsibility for such education,which formerly was in the hands of the parents,is now necessarily undertaken by experts at school. But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how—to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.
（1）According to the author, what is the natural way of education?
A.Doing things while learning.
B.Doing things before learning.
C.Doing things as an apprentice.
D.Learning practical knowledge first.
（2）The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners.
A.can learn the trade through solving problems at work
B.can work with their masters throughout their learning
C.are given opportunities to develop their interest first
D.are given more freedom in doing things and learning
（3）According to context, “this” in the third paragraph refers to ________.
A.the kind of skills boys learned from their father
B.the difficulties modern adolescents experience
C.the amount of freedom in learning in primitive life
D.the way of learning in primitive communities
（4）Which of the following sums up the author's main point?
A.The apprenticeship system was effective in learning.
B.Learning to solve problems is learning through responsibility.
C.Students develop their interest through learning.
D.Students should be given more freedom in learning.

Answer 1

【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】作者通过对青少年喜欢做与生活有关的 实际的事情而不愿学习一些与生活无关的东西的例子阐述了自己所认为的有关学习的观点，这是一种自然而然的学习方式。
（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“But it is not the natural way—nor, in my view, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.”可知作者认为首先在学习之前应该做一些事情。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.”可知不管是原始社会还是现代社会，自然的教育方法的主要优点是学习者被给予机会先培养他们的兴趣，故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的句子“which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter, or ploughman, to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending, and so to learn his trade.”这是对前面this的进一步解释，可知this指的是孩子跟着木匠师傅或农夫去学习，或参与木匠活或修房子的实践中去，这些都是原始社会中孩子的学习方法，故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的句子“But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how—to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.”可知作者认为学习解决问题就是通过学习责任而学到的，而不是在学习责任之前去学习，故选B。