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Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes£¨Ê¥Å®¹û£©in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!

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Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go.But,they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.Many times,the driver is to blame.Sometimes a GPS error is responsible.Most often,says Barry Brown,an expert in human-computer interaction,it is a combination of the two.

We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype (ÍøÂçµç»°Èí¼þ).He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States.There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.Barry Brown:¡°And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.And,then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived.They actually put their home address ia So again,the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'¡±.

Mr Brown says this is a common human error.But,he says,what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings,or failures,of GPS equipment.Barry Brown:¡°One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.Because they just give you the next turn,sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.¡±

Barry Brown once worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh.The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars.They wrote a paper based on their research.It is called ¡°The Normal,Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS¡±.It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers.These include maps that are outdated,incorrect or difficult to understand.They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.

Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers,passengers and GPS systems work together.

¡¾1¡¿In Paragraph 2,Mr Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to .

A.build up his own reputation

B.laugh at his stupid friend

C.prove the GPS system is only garbage

D.describe an example of human error

¡¾2¡¿Which of the following statements would Barry Brown most likely agree with?

A.GPS units are to blame for most GPS service failures.

B.We should introduce higher standards for the driving license.

C.Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems.

D.Drivers,GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems.

¡¾3¡¿What is Mr Brown's attitude towards GPS?

A.Unconcerned. B.Prejudiced. C.Objective. D.Critical.

¡¾4¡¿What would be the best title for the text?

A.Driving with GPS can be difficult

B.Driving confuions can be caused by small screens

C.Driving without GPS should be much more convenient

D.GPS equipment in driving:to be deserted or improved?

¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator£¨ÁÔʳ¶¯Îgets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests£¨Äñ³²£©. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.

Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.

Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.

As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.

¡¾1¡¿A plover protects its young from a predator by______.

A. getting closer to its young

B. driving away the adult predator

C. leaving its young in another nest

D. pretending to be injured

¡¾2¡¿By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.

A. chimps are ready to attack others

B. chimps are sometimes dishonest

C. chimps are jealous of the winners

D. chimps can be selfish too

¡¾3¡¿Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.

C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

¡¾4¡¿Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Do animals lie?

B. Does Mother Nature fool nimals?

C. How do animals learn to lie?

D. How does honesty help animals survive?

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Many kids don't drink enough water daily, according to a new study. The study's lead author, Erica Kenney, at first planned to look into the amount of sugary drinks kids were drinking in schools. However, during her research she found that many kids were simply not drinking enough water.
Kenney and her team examined data from a group of 4,000 children, aged 6 to19. The data was taken from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, a study on the health of children in the United States done each year by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
While looking through the survey results, she noticed that more than half of the kids who took part in the study were dehydrated (ÍÑË®µÄ). Of that group, boys were 76% more likely than girls not to have enough water in their system. Nearly one quarter of the kids in the survey reported drinking no plain water at all.
¡°These findings highlight (Í»³ö) a possible health issue that wasn't given a lot of attention in the past,¡± Kenney said in a statement. ¡°Even though for most of these kids this is not an immediate and great health risk, this is an issue that could really be reducing quality of life and well-being for many children and youth.¡±
The United States-National Agriculture Library says average kids need between 10 to 14 cups of water every day. This water can come from a mix of drinks and foods that contain high amounts of water, such as celery, melons or tomatoes. It is also suggested that fluids (ÒºÌå) come from water instead of sugary drinks that are high in calories and can lead to weight problems.
£¨1£©What was Erica Kenney's purpose in doing the study?
A.To study if kids drink enough water daily.
B.To prove that sugary drinks are harmful to kids
C.To show what kind of sugary drinks kids love.
D.To find out how many sugary drinks kids drink at school.
£¨2£©According to the findings of Erica Kenney's study, we know that ________.
A.school kids cannot find drinkable water easily
B.boys are more likely to get dehydrated than girls
C.sugary drinks are very popular with school kids
D.most kids know the importance of drinking plain water
£¨3£©From the last paragraph we learn that kids________.
A.should drink plain water to lose weight
B.can try to take in water from sugary drinks
C.can eat celery, melons and tomatoes for water
D.should drink no more than 10 cups of water every day
£¨4£©The text mainly tells us that many kids __________.
A.don't like drinking water
B.prefer sugary drinks to water
C.are at risk of health problems
D.don't drink enough water daily

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