题目内容

【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

There’s no such thing as living alone. Never mind if you’re 【1】 only person in your house and have no dog, no cat, not even fish. You still have got several billion 2 (roommate) and so do we all. Some of them are harmless, some are 3 (actual) helpful and some could even kill you. They are, of course, bacteria, fungi(菌类) and viruses, and like it or not, they’re on you, around you, and deeply within you. The fact that bacteria life is everywhere is not 4 (surprise). It’s something you 5 (learn) from your childhood when your mother told you not to drink water from someone else’s glass. There are lots of bacteria 6 are living in your tea kettle. There are bacteria 7 (sleep) with you on your bed. Scientists are beginning 8 (realize) the richness of the microbiome(微生物群系) which is as complex as the ones 9 (find) in oceans, rainforests, deserts and woodlands. Your house has a microbiome and 【10 do you.

【答案】

【解析】

【1】the 句意:如果在你家里你是唯一的人。故填the。

【2】roommates 根据several几个,可知后面的名词用复数形式,故填roommates。

【3】actually 副词修饰形容词,actual是形容词,故填actually

【4】surprising 句意:事实并不是令人惊讶的,故填surprising。

【5】learned/learnt 句意:你从童年时学到的东西。可知用一般过去时态,故填learned/learnt。

【6】which/that 此处考查的是定语从句,从句缺少主语和引导词,先行词指物,故填which/that。

【7】sleeping 句意:在你的床上有和你在一起的细菌。此处考查现在分词作定语,故填sleeping。

【8】to realize begin to do开始做某事,故填to realize。

【9】found 此处考查过去分词作定语,the ones和find之间是被动关系,故填found。

【10】so so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语,表示后面的主语和前面的主语情况是一样的。故填so。

【知识拓展】

1.表示情感的现在分词和过去分词作表语

情感的现在分词表示主语的特点和状态,和句子的主语之间是一种关系。意思是:令人---的。surprising 令人惊讶的;frightening 令人害怕的;boring令人厌烦的; amazing令人吃惊的; interesting 有趣的;moving 令人感动的。表示情感的过去分词和句子的主语之间是一种被动关系。意思是:感到---的。surprised感到吃惊;frightened感到害怕;bored感到厌烦;amazed感到惊讶; interested 感兴趣;moved 受感动。比如,The dog is frightening,so I am frightened.这条狗是令人害怕的,所以我感到害怕。

2. so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语,表示后面的主语和前面的主语情况是一样的。表示肯定形式,“某人也是”。比如,——He can speak English。——So can I.他会说英语,我也会。

neither/nor+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语,表示后面的主语和前面的主语情况是一样的。表示否定形式,“某人也不”。——I have never been to the Great Wall.——Neither has he.我从来没有去过长城,他也是。

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【题目】Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.

In some modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all whether rich or poor, clever or stupid, one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough: we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees; they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we would get terrible diseases in our towns.

In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we are educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability, and secondly, that we realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one’s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.

【1】The writer of this passage thinks that________.

A. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world

B. free education can solve all of the world’s problems

C. free education won’t help to solve social problems

D. all the social problems can’t be solved by free education

【2】The writer wants to prove that ___________.

A. a farmer is more important than a professor

B. our society needs all kinds of jobs

C. our society needs free education for all

D. people with university degrees earn more money

【3】According to the passage, ____________.

A. work with hands is low work

B. work with hands is dirty and shameful

C. work with hands is the most important

D. we can’t regard work with hands as low work

【4】The purpose of education is ___________.

A. to choose a system of education

B. to let everyone receive education

C. to prepare children for their future life

D. to prepare children for well-paid jobs

【题目】Anyone who has worn a cast (石膏) knows that rebuilding muscle strength once the cast is removed can be difficult. Now researchers at the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) at Ohio University have found that the mind is critical in maintaining muscle strength following a long period of not moving and that mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss.

Strength is controlled by a number of factors----the most studied by far is skeletal muscle. However, the nervous system is also an important, though not fully understood, determining factor of strength and weakness.

Brian C. Clark and colleagues set out to test how the system functions in strength development. They designed an experiment to measure changes in wrist (腕) muscle strength in three groups of healthy adults. Twenty-nine subjects wore a hard cast that extended from just below the elbow (肘) past the fingers, effectively preventing the hand and wrist from moving, for four weeks. Fifteen subjects who did not wear casts served as the control group.

Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, imagining they were strongly contracting their wrist for five seconds and then resting for five seconds. This was repeated four times in a row followed by a one-minute break for a total of 13 rounds per session and five sessions per week. The other half performed no imagination exercises.

At the end of the four-week experiment, both groups who wore casts had lost strength in their unmoving limbs (肢体) when compared to the control group. But the group that performed imagination exercises lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. The nervous system’s ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group.

【1】What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Serious. B. Disapproving.

C. Significant. D. Criticizing.

【2】Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Scientists have partly understood the nervous system.

B. Whoever has worn a cast for long may have difficulty in muscle recovery.

C. Scientists have already spent a lot of time in studying skeletal muscle.

D. The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all.

【3】What can we learn from the experiment?

A. The control group lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group.

B. The imagination group lost more strength than the non-imagination group.

C. The control group wore casts but didn’t perform the imagination exercise.

D. The speed of non-imagination group’s muscle recovery was slower.

【4】 Where can you most probably find the passage?

A. In a science magazine. B. In a storybook.

C. In a textbook . D. In a book review.

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