Question

【题目】It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes. They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why should we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don’t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character — we infer characters that weren’t there before. Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize. Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut’s advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”

【1】According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _________.

A. determine one’s behavior

B. reflect one’s taste

C. influence one’s surroundings

D. result from one’s habits

【2】Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?

A. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

B. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

D. The return of a wallet can indicate one’s honesty.

【3】What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?

A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.

B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.

C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.

【4】What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A. Personalities and attitudes. B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities. D. Attitudes and preferences.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【4】C

【解析】本文主要讨论了行为和个性之间的关系。

【1】A细节理解题。根据第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，个性和态度通常被认为会决定一个人的行为。故选A。

【2】D推理判断题。根据第二段It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，社会学家Daryl Bern认为，通过观察我们的行为可以判断出我们是谁，因为行为来自于我们的内在倾向，所以返还钱包可以表明一个人的诚实。故选D。

【3】B词句猜测题。根据第三段Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.（可能我们会回收是因为如果我们不这样做的话，我们的妻子和邻居会反对）可知，我们可能会受到外界压力的影响做某些事。故选B。

【4】C主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了行为和个性之间的关系。故选C。