题目内容

The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush.
Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day----half of the number doctors recommend.
Step：We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小题1:What is found out American seniors?
A．Most of then have good habits.
B．Nearly 30% of then bathe three days a week.
C．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day
D．All of then are fighting germs better than expected..
小题2:Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands     .
A．eight times a dayB．three times a day
C．four times a day D．twice a day
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．We should keep from touching our faces.
B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.
C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
小题4:The text probably comes from       .
A．a guide bookB．a popular magazine
C．a book review D．an official document

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B

试题分析：本文是关于健康习惯的调查。在一天刷几次牙，洗手沐浴几次，以及多久考虑过和细菌战斗一次等方面，描述了一些美国老年人的习惯并给出了专家建议。
小题1:细节理解题。根据“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知大约三分之一的美国老年人一天只刷一次牙，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day----half of the number doctors recommend.”一天洗4次手是专家建议的一半，可知专家建议每天洗8次手。故答案选A。
小题3:细节理解题。根据“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else?”可知厨房里的海绵比任何其他东西（包括厕所）携带的细菌都多。所以C是正确的。
小题4:推理判断题。由文章内容可知，这是一份调查报告，是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。这样的文章理应不会出现在 “ 旅游指南 ”“ 书评 ”“ 官方文件 ” 里，故排除 A、 C、 D。流行杂志做这样的调查报告很常见， 故选 B。
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A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (动态) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.
B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.
C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.
D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.
小题2:According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?
A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.
B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.
C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.
D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.
小题3: Para 5 functions as              .
A．a comparison B．an introductionC．a conclusionD．an addition
小题4: Parents are supposed to               when their kids are growing up.
A．continue their broken marriage
B．allow children to decide when to sleep
C．limit teens’ using new technology
D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily
If a city wishes to  host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal          B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone       D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of  the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in   paragraph 2?
A．electingB．hopingC．choosingD．thinking
小题3:If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___.
A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
小题4:According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?
A．The host city must be left with large debts
B．The city may achieve a lot of money
C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．How to host Olympic GamesB．Winner or loser
C．Applying for host for OlympicsD．The Olympic Games
There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the _  _ it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can  _ _ people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films __ __ doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to    exercise.  It decreases blood pressure, the heart beat and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter   the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors     pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the     time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which diminish( 减少 ) both stress and pain.
As a      of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by   __ them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects      to those caused by laughter.
小题1:
A．harmB．strengthC．effectD．good
小题2:
A．helpB．improveC．increaseD．damage
小题3:
A．ifB．butC．whileD．since
小题4:
A．mentalB．physicalC．practicalD．medical
小题5:
A．guaranteesB．appliesC．maintainsD．exercises
小题6:
A．overlookedB．producedC．preservedD．ensured
小题7:
A．remainingB．restC．longestD．adequate
小题8:
A．factB．matterC．resultD．sign
小题9:
A．encouragingB．allowingC．assistingD．reminding
小题10:
A．respectfulB．subtleC．adaptableD．similar
People who cannot tell all colors apart are said to be color-blind. Most color-blind people can see yellows and blues, but confuse reds with green. It is very rare for a person to be blind to all colors, but they may see everything in shades of black, white and gray.
It is interesting to point out that many color-blind people don’t even realize that they are color-blind, they don’t know that the colors they are seeing and naming are not the actual colors that people with normal vision can see. This can be dangerous when a color-blind person confuses the red and green of a traffic light.
Color blindness is thought to be inherited（遗传）and although doctors have tested color blindness, there is no cure to treatment for it.
小题1:There are four cards here, and each has two colors. Which card’s colors do you think a color-blind person can tell correctly?
A．Red, GreenB．Green, YellowC．Red, BrownD．Brown, Yellow
小题2:A color-blind person______.
A．always knows how color-blind he is
B．often gives the wrong name of colors
C．see everything as the same color
D．can hardly see something of strong colors
小题3:It’s especially dangerous for a color-blind person to cross a street when_____
A．it is crowded
B．it is a dark night
C．there are no traffic lights at the cross of the streets
D．the traffic light turns red
小题4:A person who is color-blind is believed to have something to do with_____.
A．his old age
B．his poor eyesight
C．his parents or grandparents
D．his living condition
小题5:Up to now, doctors______.
A．have found a way to prevent a person from getting color-blind
B．have found a way to free a person from his color blindness
C．have been able to tell whether a person is color-blind or not
D．have made it quite clear the cause of color blindness


The Green Microgym in Portland，Oregon has all the usual stuff you'd expect-sweaty people，loud music，smooth exercise equipment-but it has some extras as well. Everywhere you look，there are power wires. And these aren't the typical kind that let you surf the Web while you ride a spin cycle-although. you can do that too．The gym uses special exercise equipment that captures（捕获）the energy you create while riding, converts（转换）it into electricity and channels it into the power outlets（插座）．
The idea of using exercise equipment to produce electricity is not new. A gym in Hong Kong has been doing this since 2007. But clean (and healthy）energy is just now starting to catch on in U. S. gyms·"We have seen a significant increase in interest in the past six months，which is a good sign that fitness centers are ready to spend money on green technologies，” says Mike Curnyn，co-founder of the Green Revolution，a Connecticut-based firm that wires bikes into a central battery that can store energy.
The Green Microgym，first opened in 2008，has more than 200 members and is doing so well that owner Adam Boesel opened another one five miles from the original．Although membership costs about the same as ordinary gyms，customers can earn gift certificates from local businesses for watts produced while exercising．An average workout creates 37. 5 watt hours，which is enough to power a phone for a week．
Boesel uses spin bikes made by Resource Fitness，a Seattle company he co-owns，that captures energy produced from the flywheel. Wires send the converted AC current（交流电流）into any standard wall outlet-for this reason，the product line's name is Plug Out-and the energy created is used before the building draws power from the grid（电网）．Unlike the Green Revolution equipment，Plug Out machines cannot store extra energy. A third company，the Florida-based ReRev，is adding converters to a specific brand of spin bikes. But since the converters add＄1，000 to the price of the equipment，the ReRev and Green Revolution machines are at a disadvantage．
Resource Fitness，by contrast，sells its equipment for the same＄1，200 price as non- electricity-producing machines，removing the question of how long it will be until the energy savings pay for the cost of the unit．The company can afford to do this because its designs don’t call for the extra wiring needed for battery packs and large converters．It is also trying to price competitively with standard equipment so more gyms-and gym goers-will make the switch．
小题1:Members of the Green Microgym earn gift certificates for_______．
A．using the man-powered exercise equipment
B．saving electricity for local businesses
C．producing green electricity to power their phones
D．paying higher membership fees
小题2:The spin bikes made by Resource Fitness are different from those by Green Revolution in that_______.
A．they are easier to ride
B．they are more expensive
C．they don't have wires connected
D．they can not store extra electricity
小题3:What might prevent the green exercise equipment from getting more popular？
A．People's unwillingness to go green．
B．The high cost of making it.
C．Safety problems concerning electricity.
D．Lack of certificates．
小题4:The underlined words“make the switch”in the last paragraph most probably mean_____.
A．change to a different gym
B．use green exercise equipment
C．switch on the spin bikes
D．add a battery to the machine
While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight．It was not a gold medal, or a world record broken, but a show of courage．
The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks．For one reason or another, two of them false started, so they were disqualified．That left only one to complete．It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is important．
I watched the man dive off the block and knew right away that something was wrong．I'm not an expert swimmer, but I can tell a good dive from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality．When he resurfaced, it was evident that the man was not out for gold — his arms were waving in an attempt at freestyle．The crowd started to laugh．Clearly this man was not a medal competitor．
I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man who was clearly having a hard time．Finally he made his turn to start back．It was pitiful．He made a few desperate strokes and you could tell he was worn out．
But in those few awful strokes, the crowd had changed．
No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer．Some even began to stand and shout “Come on, you can do it!” and he did．
A clear minute past the average swimmer, this young man finally finished his race．The crowd went wild．You would have thought that he had won the gold, and he should have．Even though he was recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man gave more heart than any of the other competitors．
Just a short year ago, he had never even swum, let alone race．His country had been invited to Sydney．
In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals feeling they have somehow been cheated out of gold, or when they act so proudly in front of their competitors, it is nice to watch an underdog．
小题1:From the passage we can learn that the young man ________
A．made his turn to start back pitifully
B．was skillful in freestyle in the game
C．swam faster than the average swimmer
D．was not capable enough to win the medal
小题2:The crowd changed their attitudes because ________
A．they felt sorry for the young man
B．they were moved by the young man
C．they wanted to show their sympathy
D．they meant to please the young man
小题3:According to the passage, “it is nice to watch an underdog” probably means _______．
A．it’s amusing to watch a man with awful swimming skills
B．it’s amazing to watch an ordinary man challenging himself
C．it’s cheerful for athletes to act proudly before their competitors
D．it’s brave enough for some athletes to remove the silver medals
小题4: What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Compete for Gold!
B．Try again!
C．Break a Record!
D．Go for it!
Glaucoma（青光眼）is a major cause of blindness around the world, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization says glaucoma is a greater public health challenge than cataracts（白内障）, because the blindness caused by the latter can be cured after operations.
Glaucoma is a disease that makes people around the world lose their sight, and they usually don’t even know they have the disease until it has permanently destroyed at least 40 percent of their sight. The process is usually so painless and subtle（不明显的）, so people don't notice it. Actually, the simplest medical test can discover it.
“It is the leading cause of blindness in the United States. In Hispanics and in African-Americans, it’s the second leading cause of blindness and so is the case in the Chinese and Indians.” said Dr. Alan Robin, a specialist in treating glaucoma. “The glaucoma we see in sub-Saharan Africa is a much more aggressive blinding disease than the glaucoma we see in Americans or even African- Americans in-the United States.” he said．     ．
Dr. Eric Fleischer also sees these differences at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. “Pretty much anybody who has ancestors in Africa has an increased chance of developing glaucoma.” Age is another thing that may lead to glaucoma, although people of all ages can get it.
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that commonly produce pressure in the eye. An eye is sort of like a watch. And behind the face of the watch, liquid is made. It goes through your pupil（瞳孔）and into the front of the watch between the face and the crystal．There's an area around the edge of the watch that drains（使排出）the liquid. When that drain is blocked, the liquid can't leave the eye as fast as it is produced. The rising pressure within the eye damages and eventually kills the optic（视觉的） nerve. The result is blindness.
Fortunately, if caught early, glaucoma can be controlled. Glaucoma is not curable. But as  researchers worldwide lean more about it, they grow more hopeful that glaucoma can one day be cured or even prevented.
小题1:In which country is glaucoma the biggest danger to people’s sight?
A．In ChinaB．In IndiaC．In the USAD．In Japan
小题2:What do the underlined words “these differences”（in Para 4 ）refer to?
A．The differences in regions（地区）B．The cultural differences
C．The differences in ageD．The physical differences
小题3:From the passage, we can learn that,            .
A．It is hard for medical tests to discover glaucoma
B．People in developed countries hardly develop glaucoma
C．Glaucoma only causes blindness among old people
D．The research on glaucoma is still going on worldwide
D
Parties, iPods, concerts, movies, TV shows, video games, traffic. All of these things of the modern world make life entertaining and enjoyable. But our 21st-century lifestyle is also loud and, if we don’t take notice, it can have an effect on our hearing.
Most teenagers don’t think about hearing loss. But if you experience any of the following symptoms（症状）, you may already be hearing damaged: you make efforts to hear normal talk, you have to turn up the TV or radio so high that others complain, you watch other people’s expressions to understand what they are saying, you ask people to repeat themselves, you misunderstand what people are saying or you hear ringing in your ears.
iPods and other MP3 players are as common as the clothes you wear, and just as fashionable. But if you turn up an iPod to more than 60 percent of its maximum volume（最大音量）, and listen to music for more than an hour, you are asking for trouble. And, it does not matter if the music you play is classical, rock or heavy metal.
Some researchers find that young people who break the so-called 60-percent/60-minute rule in listening to iPods are at the risk of suffering hearing loss.
Why is an iPod dangerous? With ear buds placed directly in the ear canal and high-volume music played over a long period of time, it’s like working in a loud factory all day, being a maintenance（修理）person under a jet airplane or using a jackhammer（手提钻）on a building site.
Similarly, iPod music can cause a short time or permanent（永久的）hearing damage. A loud iPod can cause a ruptured（破裂的）eardrum and, over time, may cause permanent damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear. If these tiny hairs are damaged, they cannot effectively send sounds to the auditory nerves（听觉神经）that connect to the brain. If this happens, hearing loss becomes permanent.
小题1:Which of the following shows that you are suffering hearing loss?
A．You are interested to listen to others’ talking.
B．You have to read others’ expressions to understand them.
C．You can only understand others over the phone.
D．You always think you hear the ringing of the phone.
小题2: Which of the following is TRUE when you listen to music?
A．Listen at least an hour every time.
B．Turn up the volume to the highest level.
C．keep the sound lower than 60% of its highest volume.
D．Choose classical, rock or heavy metal music.
小题3:What is the correct order of causing permanent hearing loss?
a. The eardrum is broken.
b. The auditory nerves cannot receive sounds.
c. Tiny hairs are damaged.
d. Ear buds are placed directly in the ear canal.
e. High-volume music is played over a long time.
A．d-a-c-b-eB．e-c-a-b-dC．b-c-a-d-eD．d-e-a-c-b
小题4:This passage is mainly about      .
A．music that teenagers likeB．hearing problems caused by the loud world
C．ways that teenagers enjoy music D．dangerous modern lifestyles of teenagers.

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