Question

【题目】 Skin cancer deaths among men have jumped sharply in wealthy nations since 1985, with death rates among women rising more slowly or even declining, researchers have told a medical conference in Glasgow.

Reasons for the difference between sexes are unclear but evidence suggests men are less likely to protect themselves from the sun or pay attention to public health warnings, Dorothy Yang, a doctor said.

More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.

In eight of 18 developed countries examined, men’s skin cancer death rates had increased in the past 30 years by at least 50%.

But the nations with the biggest rise in skin cancer deaths were often not those with the highest death rates, the research showed. In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.

Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.

Skin cancer deaths among women in 1985 in Australia occurred at half the rate as for men, and declined by 10% over the next 30 years. In other countries, female death from the disease went down over the same period. In some other sun-loving nations, however, women saw at least as sharp a jump from 1985 to 2015 in death rates as men.

Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.

【1】What can be concluded from the passage?

A.Death rates among women are declining all the time.

B.Australia is the first country to conduct public health media campaigns.

C.Death rate of skin cancer in Australia was once the highest.

D.Female death rate of skin cancer in some sun-loving countries went down.

【2】What probably keeps people away from skin cancer according to the text?

A.Declining exposure to UV.

B.Biological or genetic factors.

C.People’s love for sun.

D.People paying little attention to public health warnings.

【3】What does the underlined word “inconclusive” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Unclear.B.Evident.C.Definite.D.Satisfying.

【4】What’s people’s attitude to public health campaigns in Australia?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Critical.D.Controversial.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】A

【4】B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了皮肤癌的发病原因和在全球发病的状况。比如澳大利亚曾经是皮肤癌死亡率最高的国家，通过公共媒体不停的宣传，人们意识到阳光照射过度的危险。

【1】推理判断题。根据第五段中In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.(以澳大利亚为例，2013年至2015年，每10万名男性中就有近六人死于这种疾病。这是第二高死亡率(芬兰)的两倍，但与30年前相比只增长了10%。)可知，澳大利亚曾经是皮肤癌死亡率最高的国家。故选C。

【2】细节理解题。根据第三段More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.(根据美国疾病控制中心的数据，超过90%的黑色素瘤癌症是由皮肤细胞受到阳光或其他紫外线辐射的伤害引起的。)可知，“减少紫外线照射”让人们远离皮肤癌。故选A。

【3】词义猜测题。根据最后一段Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.(科学家们正在研究生物学或遗传学因素是否也可能在皮肤癌中起作用，但目前的研究结果还没有定论。)推知，but表示转折，所以后面内容与前面相反，划线词的意思是“不清楚”。故选A。

【4】推理判断题。根据第六段Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.（自上世纪70年代以来，澳大利亚一直是公共卫生媒体宣传“阳光聪明”行为的早期参与者。尽管关于澳大利亚创纪录的皮肤癌发病率中有多少源自太阳的争论仍在继续，但30年来的公共健康运动无疑让澳大利亚人深刻意识到了其中的危险。）可知，人们对澳大利亚的公共卫生运动持肯定的态度。故选B。