题目内容

5.在数列{an}中,设S1=a1+a2+…+an,S2=an+1+an+2+…+a2n,S3=a2n+1+a2n+2+…+a3n
(1)若数列{an}是等差数列,求证:数列S1,S2,S3也是等差数列;
(2)若数列{an}是等比数列,是否有第(1)题中类似的结论?

分析 (1)直接利用等差中项的概念结合已知数列{an}是等差数列证明;
(2)直接利用定义结合已知数列{an}是等比数列证明.

解答 证明:(1)∵S1=a1+a2+…+an,S2=an+1+an+2+…+a2n,S3=a2n+1+a2n+2+…+a3n
则2S2=2(an+1+an+2+…+a2n),
S1+S3=(a1+a2+…+an)+(a2n+1+a2n+2+…+a3n)=(a1+a2n+1+a2+a2n+2+…+an+a3n),
∵数列{an}是等差数列,∴由等差数列的性质得(a1+a2n+1+a2+a2n+2+…+an+a3n)=2(an+1+an+2+…+a2n),
即2S2=S1+S3,∴数列S1,S2,S3也是等差数列;
(2)若数列{an}是等比数列,则$\frac{{S}_{2}}{{S}_{1}}=\frac{{a}_{n+1}+{a}_{n+2}+…+{a}_{2n}}{{a}_{1}+{a}_{2}+…+{a}_{n}}$=$\frac{{q}^{n}({a}_{1}+{a}_{2}+…+{a}_{n})}{{a}_{1}+{a}_{2}+…+{a}_{n}}={q}^{n}$,
$\frac{{S}_{3}}{{S}_{2}}=\frac{{a}_{2n+1}+{a}_{2n+2}+…+{a}_{3n}}{{a}_{n+1}+{a}_{n+2}+…+{a}_{2n}}$=$\frac{{q}^{n}({a}_{n+1}+{a}_{n+2}+…+{a}_{2n})}{{a}_{n+1}+{a}_{n+2}+…+{a}_{2n}}={q}^{n}$,
∴数列S1,S2,S3也是等比数列.

点评 本题考查等差数列和等比数列的性质,关键是熟记性质并用来解决问题,是基础题.

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