题目内容

6.在平面直角坐标系中,矩阵M对应的变换将平面上任意一点P(x,y)变换为点P(2x+y,3x).
(Ⅰ)求矩阵M的逆矩阵M-1
(Ⅱ)求曲线4x+y-1=0在矩阵M的变换作用后得到的曲线C′的方程.

分析 (Ⅰ)设点P(x,y)在矩阵M对应的变换作用下所得的点为P′(x′,y′),通过$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=2x+y}\\{y′=3x}\end{array}\right.$可得M=$[\begin{array}{l}{2}&{1}\\{3}&{0}\end{array}]$,进而可得结论;
(Ⅱ)设点A(x,y)在矩阵M对应的变换作用下所得的点为A′(x′,y′),通过$[\begin{array}{l}{x}\\{y}\end{array}]$=M-1$[\begin{array}{l}{x′}\\{y′}\end{array}]$可得$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=-\frac{1}{3}y′}\\{y=-x′-\frac{2}{3}y′}\end{array}\right.$,代入曲线4x+y-1=0,计算即可.

解答 解:(Ⅰ)设点P(x,y)在矩阵M对应的变换作用下所得的点为P′(x′,y′),
则$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x′=2x+y}\\{y′=3x}\end{array}\right.$即$[\begin{array}{l}{x′}\\{y′}\end{array}]$=$[\begin{array}{l}{2}&{1}\\{3}&{0}\end{array}]$$[\begin{array}{l}{x}\\{y}\end{array}]$,
∴M=$[\begin{array}{l}{2}&{1}\\{3}&{0}\end{array}]$.
又det(M)=-3,
∴M-1=$[\begin{array}{l}{0}&{-\frac{1}{3}}\\{-1}&{-\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}]$;
(Ⅱ)设点A(x,y)在矩阵M对应的变换作用下所得的点为A′(x′,y′),
则$[\begin{array}{l}{x}\\{y}\end{array}]$=M-1$[\begin{array}{l}{x′}\\{y′}\end{array}]$=$[\begin{array}{l}{0}&{-\frac{1}{3}}\\{-1}&{-\frac{2}{3}}\end{array}]$$[\begin{array}{l}{x′}\\{y′}\end{array}]$,
即$\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x=-\frac{1}{3}y′}\\{y=-x′-\frac{2}{3}y′}\end{array}\right.$,
∴代入4x+y-1=0,得$4(-\frac{y′}{3})-x′-\frac{2}{3}y′-1=0$,
即变换后的曲线方程为x+2y+1=0.

点评 本题主要考查矩阵与变换等基础知识,考查运算求解能力及化归与转化思想,属于中档题.

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