题目内容
已知向量a=(2,1),b=(x,y).
(1)若x∈{-1,0,1,2},y∈{-1,0,1},求向量a∥b的概率;
(2)若x∈[-1,2],y∈[-1,1],求向量a,b的夹角是钝角的概率.
(1)若x∈{-1,0,1,2},y∈{-1,0,1},求向量a∥b的概率;
(2)若x∈[-1,2],y∈[-1,1],求向量a,b的夹角是钝角的概率.
(1)
(2)
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(1)设“a∥b”为事件A,由a∥b,得x=2y.
基本事件空间为Ω={(-1,-1),(-1,0),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,0),(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1),(2,-1),(2,0),(2,1)},共包含12个基本事件;
其中A={(0,0),(2,1)},包含2个基本事件.
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则P(A)=
=
,即向量a∥b的概率为
.
(2)设“a,b的夹角是钝角”为事件B,由a,b的夹角是钝角,可得a·b<0,即2x+y<0,且x≠2y.基本事件空间为Ω={(x,y)|
},
B={(x,y)|
},
则由图可知,P(B)=
=
=
,
即向量a,b的夹角是钝角的概率是
.
基本事件空间为Ω={(-1,-1),(-1,0),(-1,1),(0,-1),(0,0),(0,1),(1,-1),(1,0),(1,1),(2,-1),(2,0),(2,1)},共包含12个基本事件;
其中A={(0,0),(2,1)},包含2个基本事件.

则P(A)=
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(2)设“a,b的夹角是钝角”为事件B,由a,b的夹角是钝角,可得a·b<0,即2x+y<0,且x≠2y.基本事件空间为Ω={(x,y)|

B={(x,y)|
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则由图可知,P(B)=
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即向量a,b的夹角是钝角的概率是
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