题目内容
已知
=(
,-1),
=(
,
)
(Ⅰ)若存在实数k和t,使
=
+(t2-3)
,
=-k
+t
,且
⊥
,试求函数关系式k=f(t);
(Ⅱ)根据(Ⅰ)的结论,确定k=f(t)的单调区间;
(Ⅲ)设a>0,若过点(a,b)可作曲线k=f(t)的三条切线,求证:-
a<b<f(a).
a |
3 |
b |
1 |
2 |
| ||
2 |
(Ⅰ)若存在实数k和t,使
x |
a |
b |
y |
a |
b |
x |
y |
(Ⅱ)根据(Ⅰ)的结论,确定k=f(t)的单调区间;
(Ⅲ)设a>0,若过点(a,b)可作曲线k=f(t)的三条切线,求证:-
3 |
4 |
分析:(Ⅰ)由
=(
,-1),
=(
,
),知
•
=
-
=0,|
|=2,|
|=1,由此能求出k=f(t).
(Ⅱ)由f(t)=
,知f′(x)=k′=
=
,由此能求出k=f(t)的单调区间.
(Ⅲ)设切点为(t,
),k切==f′(t)=
,则切线方程为:y-y-
=
(x-t),由切线方程过(a,b),知b-
=
(a-t),由此能够证明
-
a<b<f(a).
a |
3 |
b |
1 |
2 |
| ||
2 |
a |
b |
| ||
2 |
| ||
2 |
a |
b |
(Ⅱ)由f(t)=
t3-3t |
4 |
3t2-3 |
4 |
3(t+1)(t-1) |
4 |
(Ⅲ)设切点为(t,
t3-3t |
4 |
3t 2-3 |
4 |
t3-3t |
4 |
3t2-3 |
4 |
t3-3t |
4 |
3t2-3 |
4 |
-
3 |
4 |
解答:解:(Ⅰ)∵知
=(
,-1),
=(
,
),
∴
•
=
-
=0,|
|=
=2,|
|=
=1,
=
+(t2-3)
=(
,-1)+(
,
)=(
,
),
=-k
+t
=(-
k,k)+(
t,
t)=(
t-
k,
t+k),
∴
•
=-4k+t(t2-3)=0,
∴k=f(t)=
.
(Ⅱ)∵f(t)=
,
∴f′(x)=k′=
=
,
令k′>0,得t>1,或t<-1,
令k′<0,得-1<t<1,
∴k=f(t)的单调增区间为(1,+∞),(-∞,-1);单调减区间为(-1,1).
(Ⅲ)设切点为(t,
),k切==f′(t)=
,
∴切线方程为:y-y-
=
(x-t),
∵切线方程过(a,b),
∴b-
=
(a-t),
4b-t3+3t=(3t2-3)(a-t),
4b-t3+3t=3at2-3t2-3a+3t,
∴3a+4b=-2t3+3at2有三个不同的根,
令g(t)=-2t3+3at2,
g′(t)=-6t2+6at=-6t(t-a),
令g′(t)=0,得t=0,或t=a.
令g′(t)>0,得0<t<a,
令g′(x)<0,得t>a,或t<0,
∴g(t)极小值=g(0)=0,
g(t)极大值=g(a)=a3,
∴要使3a+4b=-2t3+3at2有三个不同的根,
则0<3a+4b<a3,
∴-
<b<
,
故-
a<b<f(a).
a |
3 |
b |
1 |
2 |
| ||
2 |
∴
a |
b |
| ||
2 |
| ||
2 |
a |
3+1 |
b |
|
x |
a |
b |
3 |
t2-3 |
2 |
| ||||
2 |
t2-3+2
| ||
2 |
| ||||
2 |
y |
a |
b |
3 |
1 |
2 |
| ||
2 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
| ||
2 |
∴
x |
y |
∴k=f(t)=
t3-3t |
4 |
(Ⅱ)∵f(t)=
t3-3t |
4 |
∴f′(x)=k′=
3t2-3 |
4 |
3(t+1)(t-1) |
4 |
令k′>0,得t>1,或t<-1,
令k′<0,得-1<t<1,
∴k=f(t)的单调增区间为(1,+∞),(-∞,-1);单调减区间为(-1,1).
(Ⅲ)设切点为(t,
t3-3t |
4 |
3t 2-3 |
4 |
∴切线方程为:y-y-
t3-3t |
4 |
3t2-3 |
4 |
∵切线方程过(a,b),
∴b-
t3-3t |
4 |
3t2-3 |
4 |
4b-t3+3t=(3t2-3)(a-t),
4b-t3+3t=3at2-3t2-3a+3t,
∴3a+4b=-2t3+3at2有三个不同的根,
令g(t)=-2t3+3at2,
g′(t)=-6t2+6at=-6t(t-a),
令g′(t)=0,得t=0,或t=a.
令g′(t)>0,得0<t<a,
令g′(x)<0,得t>a,或t<0,
∴g(t)极小值=g(0)=0,
g(t)极大值=g(a)=a3,
∴要使3a+4b=-2t3+3at2有三个不同的根,
则0<3a+4b<a3,
∴-
3a |
4 |
a3-3a |
4 |
故-
3 |
4 |
点评:本题考查数量积判断两个平面向量垂直的条件的应用,具体涉及到平面向量的性质、导数的应用、函数性质、切线方程等基本知识点,解题时要认真审题,仔细解答.
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