题目内容
已知函数
.
(1)求
在区间
上的最大值;
(2)若过点
存在3条直线与曲线
相切,求t的取值范围;
(3)问过点
分别存在几条直线与曲线
相切?(只需写出结论)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539661695.png)
(1)求
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539677447.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539708399.png)
(2)若过点
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539739500.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
(3)问过点
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539802947.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
试题分析:(1)求导数,导数等于0求出
,再代入原函数解析式,最后比较大小,即可;(2)设切点,由相切得出切线方程,然后列表并讨论求出结果;(3)由(2)容易得出结果.
(1)由
得
,令
,得
或
,
因为
,
,
,
,
所以
在区间
上的最大值为
.
(2)设过点P(1,t)的直线与曲线
相切于点
,则
,且切线斜率为
,所以切线方程为
,
因此
,整理得:
,
设![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540379453.png)
,则“过点
存在3条直线与曲线
相切”等价于“
有3个不同零点”, ![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540488474.png)
=
,
与
的情况如下:
所以,
是
的极大值,
是
的极小值,
当
,即
时,此时
在区间
和
上分别至多有1个零点,所以
至多有2个零点,
当
,
时,此时
在区间
和
上分别至多有1个零点,所以
至多有2个零点.
当
且
,即
时,因为
,
,
所以
分别为区间
和
上恰有1个零点,由于
在区间
和
上单调,所以
分别在区间
和
上恰有1个零点.
综上可知,当过点
存在3条直线与曲线
相切时,t的取值范围是
.
(3)过点A(-1,2)存在3条直线与曲线
相切;
过点B(2,10)存在2条直线与曲线
相切;
过点C(0,2)存在1条直线与曲线
相切.
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539848266.png)
(1)由
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539661695.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539895695.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539911539.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539942534.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539973523.png)
因为
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539989582.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540004703.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540036681.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540051468.png)
所以
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539677447.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539708399.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540004703.png)
(2)设过点P(1,t)的直线与曲线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540160564.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540192691.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540207646.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540301912.png)
因此
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540332920.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540363855.png)
设
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540379453.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540410717.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539739500.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540488474.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540504522.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540535579.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540566458.png)
![]() | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() |
![]() | + | 0 | ![]() | 0 | + |
![]() | ![]() | t+3 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
所以,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540925605.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540956524.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
当
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541003671.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541034411.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541081470.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540738510.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
当
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541143608.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541174375.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540613517.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541237515.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
当
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541284517.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541299511.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541330463.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541346642.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541377692.png)
所以
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541424546.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541440419.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540613517.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540738510.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540472442.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053540613517.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541564474.png)
综上可知,当过点
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539739500.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053541627471.png)
(3)过点A(-1,2)存在3条直线与曲线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
过点B(2,10)存在2条直线与曲线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
过点C(0,2)存在1条直线与曲线
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824053539770562.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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