题目内容

在xoy平面上有一系列点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),…,Pn(xn,yn),…,对每个正整数n,以点Pn为圆心的⊙Pn与x轴及射线y=
3
x,(x≥0)都相切,且⊙Pn与⊙Pn+1彼此外切.若x1=1,且xn+1<xn(n∈N*).
(1)求证:数列{xn}是等比数列,并求数列{xn}的通项公式;
(2)设数列{an}的各项为正,且满足an
xnan-1
xn+an-1
a1
=1,
求证:a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…+anxn
5
4
-
1
3n-1
,(n≥2)
(3)对于(2)中的数列{an},当n>1时,求证:(1-an)2[
a
2
2
(1-
a
2
2
)
2
+
a
3
3
(1-
a
3
3
)
2
+…+
a
n
n
(1-
a
n
n
)
2
]>
4
5
-
1
1+an+
a
2
n
+…+
a
n
n
分析:(1)由圆Pn与P(n+1)相切,且P(n+1)与x轴相切可知Rn=Yn,R(n+1)=Y(n+1),且两圆心间的距离就等于两半径之和进而得到
(xn-xn+1)2+(yn-yn+1)2
=
4
3
(xn-xn+1)2
=
3
3
(xn+xn+1)
,整理得证.
(2)由an
xnan-1
xn+an-1
,可证an
2
3n-1
,进而得Sn=a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…+anxn≤1×1+
2
8
×
1
3
+
2
26
×
1
9
+…+
2
3n-1
×
1
3n-1
从而可证
(3)先证a1>a2>…>an>0,再令:bk=
(1-an)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
,从而bk=
(1-an)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
(1-ak)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
=
a
k
k
(1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
)
2
利于放缩法可证.
解答:解:(1)点列P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),…,Pn(xn,yn),…必在射线y=
3
3
x,(x≥0)

yn=
xn
3
为⊙Pn的半径,
∵⊙Pn与⊙Pn+1外切,
(xn-xn+1)2+(yn-yn+1)2
=
4
3
(xn-xn+1)2
=
3
3
(xn+xn+1)
①…(3分)
化简①式得:3xn+12-10xnxn+1+3xn2=0,解得:xn+1=3xnxn+1=
1
3
xn

∵xn+1<xn,∴xn+1=
1
3
xn
,∴数列{xn}是等比数列,∵x1=1,则xn=(
1
3
)n-1
…(5分)
(2)an
xnan-1
xn+an-1
,而an>0,xn>0,
1
an
1
xn
+
1
an-1
1
an
-
1
an-1
1
xn
,∴
1
an
-
1
a1
1
x2
+
1
x3
+…+
1
xn
,∵a1=1,
1
an
≥1+
1
x2
+
1
x3
+…+
1
xn
=1+3+32+…+3n-1=
3n-1
2

an
2
3n-1
…(8分)
Sn=a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…+anxnTn=
5
4
-
1
3n-1

Sn=a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+…+anxn≤1×1+
2
8
×
1
3
+
2
26
×
1
9
+…+
2
3n-1
×
1
3n-1

当n=2时,S2≤1+
1
12
=
13
12
T2=
5
4
-
1
32-1
=
9
8
,必有S2<T2
当n>2时,
anxn
2
(3n-1)3n-1
2
(3n-1)(3n-1-1)
2•3n-1
(3n-1)(3n-1-1)
=
1
3n-1-1
-
1
3n-1

Sn<1+
1
12
+(
1
32-1
-
1
33-1
)+(
1
33-1
-
1
34-1
)+…+(
1
3n-1-1
-
1
3n-1
)
=1+
1
12
+
1
8
-
1
3n-1
=
29
24
-
1
3n-1
5
4
-
1
3n-1
…(13分)
(3)∵
1
an
-
1
an-1
1
xn
>0∴anan-1
,∴1=a1>a2>…>an>0
令:bk=
(1-an)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
,则bk=
(1-an)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
(1-ak)2
a
k
k
(1-
a
k
k
)
2
=
a
k
k
(1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
)
2
a
k
k
(1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
)(1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
+
a
k
k
)
=
1
1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
-
1
1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
+
a
k
k
1
1+ak+
a
2
k
+…
a
k-1
k
-
1
1+ak+1+
a
2
k+1
+…
a
k-1
k+1
+
a
k
k+1
=
1
k
i=1
a
i-1
k
-
1
k+1
i=1
a
i-1
k+1
…(18分)
∵0<a2
2
32-1
=
1
4
(1-an)2[
a
2
2
(1-
a
2
2
)
2
+
a
3
3
(1-
a
3
3
)
2
+…+
a
n
n
(1-
a
n
n
)
2
]=
n
k=2
bk
n
k=2
(
1
k
i=1
a
i-1
k
-
1
k+1
i=1
a
i-1
k+1
)
=
1
1+a2
-
1
1+an+
a
2
n
+…+
a
n
n
4
5
-
1
1+an+
a
2
n
+…+
a
n
n
…20分.
点评:本题以相切为素材,考查数列与解析几何的综合,考查数列与不等式,技巧性强,难度大.
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