题目内容
20.已知a1,a2,a3不全为零,设正数x,y满足x2+y2=2,令$\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$≤M,则M的最小值为$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.分析 若a2=0,则 $\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$=0.若a2≠0,则 $\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$=$\frac{{x•a}_{1}+{ya}_{3}}{\frac{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{2}}^{2}}{{a}_{2}}{+a}_{2}}$≤$\frac{x|{a}_{1}|+{y|a}_{3}|}{\frac{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2}}{{|a}_{2}|}+{|a}_{2}|}$,再利用柯西不等式求得它的最大值为$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,从而求得M的最小值.
解答 解:若a2=0,则 $\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$=0.
若a2≠0,则 $\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$=$\frac{{x•a}_{1}+{ya}_{3}}{\frac{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{2}}^{2}}{{a}_{2}}{+a}_{2}}$≤$\frac{x|{a}_{1}|+{y|a}_{3}|}{\frac{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2}}{{|a}_{2}|}+{|a}_{2}|}$≤$\frac{\sqrt{{(x}^{2}{+y}^{2})•{{(a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2})}}{2\sqrt{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2}}}$=$\frac{\sqrt{2•{{(a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2})}}{2\sqrt{{{a}_{1}}^{2}{{+a}_{3}}^{2}}}$=$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,
当且仅当$\frac{x}{{a}_{1}}$=$\frac{y}{{a}_{3}}$ 时,取等号,故令$\frac{{x{a_1}{a_2}+y{a_2}{a_3}}}{a_1^2+a_2^2+a_3^2}$的最大值为$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,故M的最小值为$\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,
故答案为:$\frac{{\sqrt{2}}}{2}$.
点评 本题主要考查二维形式的柯西不等式的应用,体现了转化、分类讨论的数学思想,属于中档题.
A. | $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}$ | B. | $\frac{5}{2}$ | C. | $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}$ | D. | $\frac{5}{4}$ |