ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
Ëæ×ŲÄÁÏ¿ÆѧµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬½ðÊô·°¼°Æ仯ºÏÎïµÃµ½ÁËÔ½À´Ô½¹ã·ºµÄÓ¦Ó㬲¢±»ÓþΪ¡°ºÏ½ðάÉúËØ¡±¡£¹¤ÒµÉÏ»ØÊÕ·Ï·°´ß»¯¼Á£¨º¬ÓÐV2O5¡¢VOSO4¡¢K2SO4¡¢SiO2£©Öз°µÄÖ÷ÒªÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
ÒÑÖª£º£¨1£©V2O5ºÍNH4VO3¾ùΪÄÑÈÜÎVOSO4ºÍ(VO2)2SO4¾ùΪÒ×ÈÜÎï¡£
£¨2£© 2VO2++H2C2O4+2H+ = 2VO2+ + 2CO2¡ü+ 2H2O
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©²½Öè¢ÙÇ°£¬·ÛËéµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ_________________________¡£
£¨2£©²½Öè¢ÚÖз¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ__________________________¡£
£¨3£©²½Öè¢ÛµÄ±ä»¯¹ý³Ì¿É¼ò»¯Îª(HA±íʾÓлúÝÍÈ¡¼Á)£º
VOSO4 (Ë®²ã)+ 2HA£¨Óлú²ã£©VOA2(Óлú²ã£©+ H2SO4(Ë®²ã)£¬Ôò²½Öè¢ÜÖпÉÑ¡ÔñÁòËá×÷·´ÝÍÈ¡µÄÔÒòÊÇ_____________¡£
£¨4£©ÓÃÁòËáËữµÄH2C2O4ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨(VO2)2SO4ÈÜÒº£¬ÒԲⶨ²Ù×÷¢ÝºóÈÜÒºÖк¬·°Á¿µÄ²½ÖèΪ£ºÈ¡10.0mL0.1mol/LH2C2O4ÈÜÒºÓÚ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬¼ÓÈëÖ¸±ê¼Á£¬½«´ý²âҺʢ·ÅÔڵζ¨¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¶¨µ½ÖÕµãʱ£¬ÏûºÄ´ý²âÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ10.0mL£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÖª(VO2)2SO4ÈÜÒº·°ÔªËصĺ¬Á¿Îª_________g/L¡£
£¨5£©V2O5¿ÉÓýðÊô(ÈçCa¡¢Al)ÈÈ»¹Ô·¨»ñµÃ·°£¬Ôò½ðÊôÂÁÈÈ»¹ÔÖƵ÷°µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ_______________¡£
£¨1£©Ôö´ó¹ÌÒº½Ó´¥Ãæ»ý£¬¼Ó¿ì½þ³öËÙÂÊ£¬Ìá¸ß½þ³öÂÊ£¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©V2O5+ SO32£+4H+=2VO2+ + SO42£+2H2O£¨2·Ö£©
£¨3£©¼ÓÈëÁòËᣬ¿ÉʹƽºâÏò×ó½øÐУ¬Ê¹VOSO4½øÈëË®²ã£»£¨2·Ö£©
£¨4£©10.2g/L £¨2·Ö£©
£¨5£©3V2O5+10Al6V+5Al2O3£¨2·Ö£©
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©·ÛËé¹ÌÌå·´Ó¦Î¿ÉÒÔÔö´ó¹ÌÒº½Ó´¥Ãæ»ý£¬¼Ó¿ì½þ³öËÙÂÊ£¬Ìá¸ß½þ³öÂÊ¡£
£¨2£©ÑÇÁòËá¸ù¾ßÓл¹ÔÐÔ£¬ËáÐÔÌõ¼þÏ£¬Äܱ»ÎåÑõ»¯¶þ·°Ñõ»¯Éú³ÉÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Àë×Ó·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºV2O5+ SO32£+4H+=2VO2+ + SO42£+2H2O
£¨3£©¼ÓÈëH2SO4£¬H2SO4Ũ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬²½Öè¢Û»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÏòÏò×óÒƶ¯£¬Ê¹VOSO4½øÈëË®²ã¡£
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝÌâÄ¿Ëù¸øÐÅÏ¢£º2VO2+ ~ H2C2O4£¬¿ÉÖª(VO2)2SO4ÈÜÒº·°ÔªËصĺ¬Á¿Îª£º0.1mol/L¡Á0.01L¡Á2¡Á51g/mol¡Â0.01L= 10.2g/L¡£
£¨5£©ÂÁÓëÎåÑõ»¯¶þ·°·´Ó¦Éú³É·°ÓëÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º3V2O5+10Al6V+5Al2O3
¿¼µã£º±¾Ì⿼²é»¯Ñ§¹¤ÒÕÁ÷³ÌµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд¡¢»¯Ñ§¼ÆËã¡£
ÓÉÁâþ¿ó£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪMgCO3£©ÖÆ×èȼÐÍÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾µÄ¹¤ÒÕÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
£¨1£©´ÓÏÂÃæÁ½Í¼¿ÉÒԵóöµÄ½áÂÛΪ ¡¢ ¡£
ͼ1 25¡æʱMgOË®»¯Ëæʱ¼ä±ä»¯XÉäÏßÑÜÉäÆ×ͼ
ͼ2 90¡æʱMgOË®»¯Ëæʱ¼ä±ä»¯XÉäÏßÑÜÉäÆ×ͼ
£¨2£©Ë®»¯·´Ó¦MgO+H2O = Mg(OH)2ÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐеÄÔÒòÊÇ ¡£
£¨3£©½áºÏÔªËØÖÜÆÚÂɺͱí1¿ÉÖª£¬½ðÊôÇâÑõ»¯ÎïÊÜÈÈ·Ö½âµÄ¹æÂÉÓÐ ¡££¨Ð´Ò»Ìõ¼´¿É£©
±í1 ²¿·ÖÖ÷×åÔªËصĽðÊôÇâÑõ»¯ÎïÈÈ·Ö½âζÈ/¡æ
LiOH | NaOH | KOH | Al(OH)3 | Mg(OH)2 | Ca(OH)2 | Ba(OH)2 |
924 | ²»·Ö½â | ²»·Ö½â | 140 | 258 | 390 | 700 |
£¨4£©ÒÑÖªÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£ºMg(OH)2 (s) =" MgO" (s)+H2O (g) ¦¤H =" 81.5" kJ¡¤mol£1
¢ÙMg(OH)2Æð×èȼ×÷ÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ ¡£
¢ÚÓë³£Óñϵ£¨ÈçËÄäåÒÒÍ飩ºÍÓлúÁ×ϵ£¨Á×ËáÈý±½õ¥£©×èȼ¼ÁÏà±È£¬Mg(OH)2×èȼ¼ÁµÄÓŵãÊÇ ¡£
(14·Ö)ﯲúÒµÊǼ«Óз¢Õ¹Ç±Á¦¼°Ç°¾°µÄÐÂÐ˲úÒµ£¬ï¯(Zr)ÔªËØÊǺ˷´Ó¦¶ÑȼÁÏ°ôµÄ°ü¹ü²ÄÁÏ£¬¶þÑõ»¯ï¯(ZrO2)¿ÉÒÔÖÆÔìÄ͸ßÎÂÄÉÃ×ÌÕ´É¡£ÎÒ¹úÓзḻµÄï¯Ó¢Ê¯(ZrSiO4)£¬º¬Al2O3¡¢SiO2¡¢Fe2O3µÈÔÓÖÊ£¬Éú²úï¯Á÷³ÌÖ®Ò»ÈçÏ£º
ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)д³öÉÏÊöÁ÷³ÌÖиßÎÂÆø»¯µÄ·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ(̼ת»¯³ÉCO)£º_______________________________________________¡£
(2)д³öZrOCl2¡¤8H2OÔÚ900 ¡æÉú³ÉZrO2µÄ·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£º ______________ ______________________________________________¡£
(3)¹ØÓÚ¶þÑõ»¯ï¯ÄÉÃ×ÌմɺÍﯺϽðµÄ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ________(µ¥Ñ¡)¡£
A£®¶þÑõ»¯ï¯ÄÉÃ×ÌÕ´ÉÊÇÐÂÐÍÎÞ»ú·Ç½ðÊô²ÄÁÏ |
B£®1 nm£½10£10m |
C£®ï¯ºÏ½ðµÄÓ²¶È±È´¿ï¯Òª¸ß |
D£®ÈÕ±¾¸£µººËµçÕ¾µÄ±¬Õ¨¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÉﯺϽðÔÚ¸ßÎÂÏÂÓëË®ÕôÆø·´Ó¦²úÉúµÄÇâÆø |
(4)Ò»ÖÖÐÂÐÍȼÁϵç³Ø£¬Ò»¼«Í¨Èë¿ÕÆø£¬ÁíÒ»¼«Í¨È붡Í飻µç½âÖÊÊDzôÔÓÑõ»¯îÆ(Y2O3)µÄ¶þÑõ»¯ï¯(ZrO2)¾§Ì壬ÔÚÈÛÈÚ״̬ÏÂÄÜ´«µ¼O2£¡£ÔÚÈÛÈÚµç½âÖÊÖУ¬O2£Ïò________(Ìî¡°Õý¡±»ò¡°¸º¡±)¼«Òƶ¯¡£µç³ØÕý¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Îª__________________£¬¸º¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Îª________________________________¡£
¹¤ÒµÉÏÀûÓÃÁòËáÔü£¨º¬Fe2+¡¢Fe3+µÄÁòËáÑμ°ÉÙÁ¿CaOºÍMgO£©ÖƱ¸¸ßµµÑÕÁÏÌúºì(Fe2O3 )ºÍ»ØÊÕ(NH4)2SO4£¬¾ßÌåÉú²úÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÔÚ·ÏÔüÈܽâ²Ù×÷ʱ£¬ÎªÁ˼ÓËÙ·ÏÔüÈܽâµÄ´ëÊ©ÊÇ£º___________________¡¢__________________£¨ÈÎдÁ½µã£©
£¨2£©ÎïÖÊAÊÇÒ»ÖÖÑõ»¯¼Á
¢Ù¹¤ÒµÉÏ×îºÃÑ¡Óà £¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
A£®¿ÕÆø | B£®Cl2 | C£®MnO2 | D£®H2O2£¬ |
¢Ûд³öA²ÎÓë·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ__________________________________________
£¨3¸ù¾ÝÏÂͼÓйØÊý¾Ý£¬ÄãÈÏΪ¹¤ÒµÉÏÑõ»¯²Ù×÷ʱӦ¿ØÖƵÄÌõ¼þÊÇ__________________¡£
£¨4£©Íù炙ÆÌú·¯ÈÜÒº(º¬Fe3+)ÖмÓÈëÈÜÒºBÖÁpHΪ5ʱ²úÉú³Áµí£¬Çëд³ö²úÉú³ÁµíµÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º_______________________________________________________¡£
£¨5£©Ð´³ö炙ÆÌú·¯¾§ÌåÈÜÓÚÊÊÁ¿ÕôÁóË®ÖУ¬ÍùÆäÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒº£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ£º_____________________________________________________
£¨6£©»ØÊÕËùµÃµÄ(NH4)2SO4¾§Ìå¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓеÄÔÓÖÊÊÇ£º___________________________
[»¯Ñ§£Ñ¡ÐÞ»¯Ñ§Óë¼¼Êõ]£¨15·Ö£©
ÆßË®ÁòËáþ(MgSO4¡¤7H2O)ÔÚӡȾ¡¢ÔìÖ½ºÍÒ½Ò©µÈ¹¤ÒµÉ϶¼Óй㷺µÄÓ¦Óã¬ÀûÓû¯¹¤³§Éú²úÅðÉ°µÄ·ÏÔü£ÅðþÄà¿ÉÖÆÈ¡ÆßË®ÁòËáþ¡£ÅðþÄàµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇMgCO3£¬»¹º¬ÓÐÆäËûÔÓÖÊ(MgO¡¢SiO2¡¢Fe2O3¡¢FeO¡¢CaO¡¢Al2O3¡¢MnOµÈ£©¡£
±í1 ²¿·ÖÑôÀë×ÓÒÔÇâÑõ»¯ÎïÐÎʽÍêÈ«³ÁµíʱÈÜÒºµÄpH
³ÁµíÎï | Al(OH)3 | Fe(OH)3 | Fe(OH)2 | Mn(OH)2 | Mg(OH)2 |
pHÖµ | 5.2 | 3.2 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 11.2 |
±í2 Á½ÖÖÑεÄÈܽâ¶È(µ¥Î»Îªg£¯100gË®)
ζÈ/¡æ | 10 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
CaSO4 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 |
MgSO4¡¤7H2O | 30.9 | 35.5 | 40.8 | 45.6 | / |
ÅðþÄàÖÆÈ¡ÆßË®ÁòËáþµÄ¹¤ÒÕÁ÷³ÌÈçÏ£º
¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉÏÁ÷³Ìͼ²¢²Î¿¼±í¸ñpHÊý¾ÝºÍÈܽâ¶ÈÊý¾Ý£¬ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©¹ýÂËIµÄÂËÒºÖмÓÈëÅðþÄ࣬µ÷½ÚÈÜÒºµÄpH£½5¡«6£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈëNaClOÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈÖó·Ð£¬½«ÈÜÒºÖÐµÄ Mn2+Ñõ»¯³ÉMnO2£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ ¡£¼ÓÈÈÖó·ÐµÄÖ÷ҪĿµÄ ÊÇ ¡£
£¨2£©³ÁµíBÖгýMnO2¡¢SiO2Í⻹º¬ÓÐ (Ìѧʽ)µÈÎïÖÊ¡£
£¨3£©¼ìÑé¹ýÂË¢òºóµÄÂËÒºÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐFe3+µÄʵÑé·½·¨ÊÇ £»
£¨4£©³ÁµíCµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇ ¡£¹ýÂËIIIÐè³ÃÈȹýÂ˵ÄÀíÓÉÊÇ
³ÇÊеĻ·¾³ÎÛȾÊǵ±Ç°Í»³öµÄ»·¾³ÎÊÌâ¡£ÈçͼAËùʾ£¬XºÓÁ÷¾Ä³¹¤Òµ³ÇÊÐY£¬ÆäÖÐa´¦ÔÚÉÏÓΣ¬¸½½üÓзḻµÄ»ÆÌú¿ó×ÊÔ´£»d´¦ÔÚÏÂÓΣ¬¸½½üÓжà¸öÆóÒµÒÔÁòËáΪÔÁÏ¡£¸ù¾ÝijÔÂYÊл·±£¾Ö¼à²âÕ¾¶ÔXºÓË®Öʼì²âµÄ½á¹û£¬»æÖƳɼòͼÈçͼBËùʾ¡£ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨²»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
A£®Ôì³ÉXºÓÎÛȾµÄÖ÷ÒªÎÛȾԴ×î¿ÉÄÜ·Ö²¼ÔÚbc¶Î |
B£®¹¤ÒµÉú»îÎÛË®¡¢¹ÌÌå·ÏÆúÎïµÈ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔì³ÉXºÓÎÛȾµÄÎÛȾԴ |
C£®d´¦ÎÛȾ³Ì¶È¼õС£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇijЩÎÛȾÎïµÄÀë×Ӽ䷢Éú·´Ó¦Éú³É³ÁµíËùÖ |
D£®¸Ã³ÇÊн¨ÉèÁòË᳧ʱ£¬×ۺϿ¼ÂÇÖî¶àÒòËØÑ¡Ö·ÔÚb´¦×îºÏÀí |