ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
3£®¶Ôµª¡¢Ì¼¼°Æ仯ºÏÎïµÄÑо¿¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÒâÒ壮£¨1£©ÓÃ루N2H4£©ÎªÈ¼ÁÏ£¬ËÄÑõ»¯¶þµª×öÑõ»¯¼Á£¬Á½Õß·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµªÆøºÍÆø̬ˮ£®
ÒÑÖª£ºN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4£¨g£©¡÷H1 K1
N2H4£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2 K2
Ôò2N2H4£¨g£©+N2O4£¨g£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=2¡÷H2-¡÷H1 £¨Óá÷H1¡¢¡÷H2±íʾ£©£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{{{K}_{2}}^{2}}{{K}_{1}}$£¨ÓÃK1¡¢K2±íʾ£©
£¨2£©Æû³µÎ²Æøת»¯·´Ó¦£ºNO+CO¡úN2+CO2£¨Î´Åäƽ£©£¬½«NOºÍCOת»¯ÎªºÍN2 ºÍCO2£¬ÊµÏÖ³ýÎÛ£¬Ã¿Éú³É1molN2»¹Ô¼Áʧȥµç×ÓÊýΪ4¡Á6.02¡Á1023£®
£¨3£©´óÆøÎÛȾÎﵪÑõ»¯Îï¿ÉÒÔÓûîÐÔÌ¿»¹Ô·¨´¦Àí£®Ä³Ñо¿Ð¡×éÏòij2LµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖмÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ»îÐÔÌ¿ºÍNO£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦C£¨s£©+2NO£¨g£©?N2£¨g£©+CO2 £¨g£©£®ÔÚT1¡æʱ£¬·´Ó¦½øÐе½²»Í¬Ê±¼ä²âµÃ¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÈçÏ£º
ʱ¼ä£¨min£© ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨mol£© | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
NO | 2.00 | 1.16 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 0.96 |
N2 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
CO2 | 0 | 0.42 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.72 | 0.72 |
¢Ú30minºó£¬Ö»¸Ä±äijһÌõ¼þ£¬·´Ó¦ÖØдﵽƽºâ£¬¸ù¾ÝÉϱíÖеÄÊý¾ÝÅжϸıäµÄÌõ¼þ¿ÉÄÜÊÇb£¨Ìî×Öĸ±àºÅ£©£®
a£®¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄ»îÐÔÌ¿ b£®Í¨ÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNO c£®ºãÈÝʱ£¬³äÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄº¤Æø d£®¼ÓÈëºÏÊʵĴ߻¯¼Á
£¨4£©°±È¼Áϵç³ØʹÓõĵç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÊÇ2mol•L-1µÄKOHÈÜÒº£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦Îª£º4NH3+3O2=2N2+6H2O£®·Åµçʱ£¬¸Ãµç³ØÕý¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªO2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-£®
£¨5£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºÎüÊÕCO2£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦Îª2CO2+3NaOH=Na2CO3+NaHCO3+H2O£®ËùµÃ»ìºÏÒºÖÐËùÓÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòΪc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4£¨g£©¡÷H1
¢ÚN2H4£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬¢Ú¡Á2-¢Ù¿ÉµÃ£º2N2H4£¨g£©+N2O4£¨g£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©£¬ìʱäÒ²½øÐÐÏàÓ¦µÄ¼ÆË㣬ƽºâ³£ÊýΪ¢ÚµÄƽºâ³£ÊýµÄƽ·½Óë¢ÙµÄƽºâ³£ÊýÉÌ£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦ÖÐNÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛÓÉ+2¼Û½µµÍΪ0¼Û£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËãתÒƵç×ÓÊýÄ¿£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ýv=$\frac{¡÷c}{¡÷t}$¼ÆËã0¡«10minÄÚ£¬NOµÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊv£¨NO£©£»
ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬20minʱ´¦ÓÚƽºâ״̬£¬·´Ó¦Ç°ºóÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý²»±ä£¬ÓÃÎïÖʵÄÁ¿´úÌæŨ¶È´úÈëƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽK=$\frac{c£¨{N}_{2}£©¡Ác£¨C{O}_{2}£©}{{c}^{2}£¨NO£©}$¼ÆË㣻
¢Ú·´Ó¦ÖØдﵽƽºâ£¬NOÔö´ó0.16mol£¬N2¡¢CO2 ¾ùÔö´ó0.08mol£¬µÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬Ó¦ÊÇͨÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNO£»
£¨4£©°±È¼Áϵç³ØʹÓõĵç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÊÇKOHÈÜÒº£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦Îª£º4NH3+3O2=2N2+6H2O£®·Åµçʱ£¬Õý¼«·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬ÑõÆøÔÚÕý¼«»ñµÃµç×Ó£¬¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂÉú³ÉÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£»
£¨5£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºÎüÊÕCO2£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦Îª2CO2+3NaOH=Na2CO3+NaHCO3+H2O£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐ̼ËáÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÇâÄÆÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ù¡¢Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùË®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬¶ø̼Ëá¸ùµÄË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùË®½â³Ì¶È£¬¶øË®½â³Ì¶È±È½Ï΢Èõ£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÒÑÖª£º¢ÙN2£¨g£©+2O2£¨g£©=N2O4£¨g£©¡÷H1
¢ÚN2H4£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=N2£¨g£©+2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H2
¸ù¾Ý¸Ç˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬¢Ú¡Á2-¢Ù¿ÉµÃ£º2N2H4£¨g£©+N2O4£¨g£©=3N2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©£¬Ôò¡÷H=2¡÷H2-¡÷H1£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦Æ½ºâ³£ÊýK=$\frac{{{K}_{2}}^{2}}{{K}_{1}}$£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2¡÷H2-¡÷H1£»$\frac{{{K}_{2}}^{2}}{{K}_{1}}$£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦ÖÐNÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛÓÉ+2¼Û½µµÍΪ0¼Û£¬Ã¿Éú³É1molN2»¹Ô¼Áʧȥµç×ÓÊýΪ1mol¡Á4¡Á6.02¡Á1023
mol-1=4¡Á6.02¡Á1023£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4¡Á6.02¡Á1023£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¢Ù0¡«10minÄÚ£¬NOµÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊv£¨NO£©=$\frac{\frac{2mol-1.16mol}{2L}}{10min}$=0.042mol/£¨L£®min£©£»
ÓɱíÖÐÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬20minʱ´¦ÓÚƽºâ״̬£¬·´Ó¦Ç°ºóÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý²»±ä£¬ÓÃÎïÖʵÄÁ¿´úÌæŨ¶È¼ÆËãƽºâ³£Êý£¬ÔòK=$\frac{c£¨{N}_{2}£©¡Ác£¨C{O}_{2}£©}{{c}^{2}£¨NO£©}$=$\frac{0.6¡Á0.6}{0£®{8}^{2}}$=$\frac{9}{16}$£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.042mol/£¨L£®min£©£»$\frac{9}{16}$£»
¢Ú·´Ó¦ÖØдﵽƽºâ£¬NOÔö´ó0.16mol£¬N2¡¢CO2 ¾ùÔö´ó0.08mol£¬µÈÓÚ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÖ®±È£¬Ó¦ÊÇͨÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNO£¬
¹ÊÑ¡£ºb£»
£¨4£©°±È¼Áϵç³ØʹÓõĵç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÊÇKOHÈÜÒº£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦Îª£º4NH3+3O2=2N2+6H2O£®·Åµçʱ£¬Õý¼«·¢Éú»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬ÑõÆøÔÚÕý¼«»ñµÃµç×Ó£¬¼îÐÔÌõ¼þÏÂÉú³ÉÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×Ó£¬Õý¼«µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª£ºO2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºO2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-£»
£¨5£©ÊµÑéÊÒÖÐÓÃNaOHÈÜÒºÎüÊÕCO2£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦Îª2CO2+3NaOH=Na2CO3+NaHCO3+H2O£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐ̼ËáÄÆ¡¢Ì¼ËáÇâÄÆÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÏàµÈ£¬Ì¼Ëá¸ù¡¢Ì¼ËáÇâ¸ùË®½â£¬ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬¶ø̼Ëá¸ùµÄË®½â³Ì¶È´óÓÚ̼ËáÇâ¸ùË®½â³Ì¶È£¬¶øË®½â³Ì¶È±È½Ï΢Èõ£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨HCO3-£©£¾c£¨CO32-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²é»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâÓ°ÏìÒòËØ¡¢Æ½ºâ³£Êý¡¢·´Ó¦ËÙÂʼÆËã¡¢·´Ó¦ÈȼÆËã¡¢Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦¼ÆËã¡¢µç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Êéд¡¢Àë×ÓŨ¶È´óС±È½ÏµÈ֪ʶµã£¬ÊǶÔѧÉú×ÛºÏÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | 1 mol Mg Ô×Ó±ä³É Mg2+ʱʧȥµÄµç×ÓÊýΪ2 NA | |
B£® | ±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬11.2 L H2OËùº¬µÄµç×ÓÊýΪ5 NA | |
C£® | ³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬16g O2 Óë16gO3º¬ÓеÄÔ×ÓÊýΪÏàͬ | |
D£® | 0.1 mol/L K2SO4 ÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓÐ K+Ϊ0.2 NA |
CH3CH2OH$¡ú_{170¡æ}^{H_{2}SO_{4}£¨Å¨£©}$CH2=CH2
CH2=CH2+Br2¡úBrCH2CH2Br
¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚµÄÖ÷Òª¸±·´Ó¦ÓУºÒÒ´¼ÔÚŨÁòËáµÄ´æÔÚÏÂÔÚl40¡æÍÑË®Éú³ÉÒÒÃÑ£®
ÓÃÉÙÁ¿µÄäåºÍ×ãÁ¿µÄÒÒ´¼ÖƱ¸1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍéµÄ×°ÖÃÈçͼËùʾ£º
ÓйØÊý¾ÝÁбíÈçÏ£º
ÒÒ´¼ | 1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍé | ÒÒÃÑ | |
״̬ | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå | ÎÞÉ«ÒºÌå |
ÃܶÈ/g•cm-3 | 0.79 | 2.2 | 0.71 |
·Ðµã/¡æ | 78.5 | 132 | 34.6 |
ÈÛµã/¡æ | Ò»l30 | 9 | -1l6 |
£¨1£©ÔÚ´ËÖƸ÷ʵÑéÖУ¬Òª¾¡¿ÉÄÜѸËٵذѷ´Ó¦Î¶ÈÌá¸ßµ½170¡æ×óÓÒ£¬Æä×îÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊÇd£»£¨ÌîÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏîÇ°µÄ×Öĸ£©
a£®Òý·¢·´Ó¦ b£®¼Ó¿ì·´Ó¦ËÙ¶È c£®·ÀÖ¹ÒÒ´¼»Ó·¢ d£®¼õÉÙ¸±²úÎïÒÒÃÑÉú³É
£¨2£©ÔÚ×°ÖÃCÖÐÓ¦¼ÓÈëc£¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊÇÎüÊÕ·´Ó¦ÖпÉÄÜÉú³ÉµÄËáÐÔÆøÌ壺£¨ÌîÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏîÇ°µÄ×Öĸ£©
a£®Ë® b£®Å¨ÁòËá c£®ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº d£®±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒº
£¨3£©Èô²úÎïÖÐÓÐÉÙÁ¿¸±²úÎïÒÒÃÑ£®¿ÉÓÃÕôÁóµÄ·½·¨³ýÈ¥£»
£¨4£©·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÓ¦ÓÃÀäË®ÀäÈ´×°ÖÃD£¬ÆäÖ÷ҪĿµÄÊDZÜÃâäå´óÁ¿»Ó·¢£¬µ«ÓÖ²»Äܹý¶ÈÀäÈ´£¨ÈçÓñùË®£©£¬ÆäÔÒòÊDzúÆ·1£¬2-¶þäåÒÒÍéµÄÈ۵㣨Äý¹Ìµã£©µÍ£¬¹ý¶ÈÀäÈ´»áÄý¹Ì¶ø¶ÂÈûµ¼¹Ü£®
£¨1£©½üÄêÀ´£¬ÎÒ¹ú´¢ÇâÄÉÃ×̼¹ÜÑо¿È¡µÃÖØ´ó½øÕ¹£¬Óõ绡·¨ºÏ³ÉµÄ̼ÄÉÃ×¹ÜÖг£°éÓдóÁ¿Ì¼ÄÉÃ׿ÅÁ££¨ÔÓÖÊ£©£¬ÕâÖÖ̼ÄÉÃ׿ÅÁ£¿ÉÓÃÑõ»¯Æø»¯·¨Ìá´¿£¬Æä·´Ó¦»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º
3C+2K2Cr2O7+8H2SO4=3CO2¡ü+2K2SO4+2Cr2£¨SO4£©3+8H2O
ÇëÍê³É²¢ÅäƽÉÏÊö»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£®ÆäÖÐÑõ»¯¼ÁÊÇK2Cr2O7£¬Ñõ»¯²úÎïÊÇCO2
£¨2£©¹¤ÒµÉÏÒ»°ãÔÚºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖвÉÓÃÏÂÁз´Ó¦ºÏ³É¼×´¼£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©¡÷H
ϱíËùÁÐÊý¾ÝÊǸ÷´Ó¦ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈϵĻ¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý£¨¦ª£©£®
Π¶È | 250¡æ | 300¡æ | 350¡æ |
¦ª | 2.041 | 0.270 | 0.012 |
¢ÚijζÈÏ£¬½«2mol COºÍ6mol H2³äÈë2LµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ 10minºó£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ²âµÃc£¨CO£©=0.2mol/L£¬Ôò´ËʱµÄζÈΪ250¡æ£®
¢ÛÇëÔÚÏÂÁÐ×ø±êÖеĻ³ö¢ÚÖÐÇóµÃζÈÏÂCO¡¢H2ºÍ CH30HµÄŨ¶ÈËæʱ¼ä±ä»¯µÄÇúÏߣ¬²¢½øÐÐÊʵ±µÄ±ê×¢£®
£¨3£©¹¤ÒµÉÏÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃCO2ºÍH2·´Ó¦ÖƵü״¼£®ÔÚ2¡Á105Pa¡¢300¡æµÄÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÈôÓÐ440g CO2ÓëH2Ç¡ºÃÍêÈ«·´Ó¦Éú³É¼×´¼ºÍË®£¬·Å³ö495kJµÄÈÈÁ¿£¬ÊÔд³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©=CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-49.5KJ•mol-1£®
£¨4£©ÒÔCH3OHΪȼÁÏ£¨ÒÔ KOH ÈÜÒº×÷µç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£©¿ÉÖƳÉCH3OHȼÁϵç³Ø£¬Ôò³äÈëCH3OHµÄµç¼«Îª¸º¼«£¬³äÈëO2µç¼«µÄ·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªO2+4e-+2H2O=4OH-£®
¢ñ¸ßÌúËáÑÎÔÚÄÜÔ´¡¢»·±£µÈ·½ÃæÓÐ׏㷺µÄÓÃ;£®Êª·¨¡¢¸É·¨ÖƱ¸¸ßÌúËáÑεÄÔÀíÈçϱíËùʾ£®
ʪ·¨ | Ç¿¼îÐÔ½éÖÊÖУ¬Fe£¨NO3£©3ÓëNaClO·´Ó¦Éú³É×ϺìÉ«¸ßÌúËáÑÎÈÜÒº |
¸É·¨ | Fe2O3¡¢KNO3¡¢KOH»ìºÏ¼ÓÈȹ²ÈÛÉú³É×ϺìÉ«¸ßÌúËáÑκÍKNO2µÈ²úÎï |
¢Ù·´Ó¦IµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2NaOH+Cl2¨TNaCl+NaClO+H2O£®
¢Ú·´Ó¦IIµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ3ClO-+10OH-+2Fe3+=2FeO42-+3Cl-+5H2O£®
¢ÛÒÑÖª25¡æʱFe£¨OH£©3µÄKsp=4.0¡Á10-38£¬·´Ó¦IIºóÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨Fe3+£©=4¡Á10-5mol•L-1£¬ÔòFe3+ÍêÈ«³ÁµíʱµÄpH=3£®
£¨2£©¸ßÌúËá¼ØÊÇÒ»ÖÖÀíÏëµÄË®´¦Àí¼Á£¬Æä´¦ÀíË®µÄÔÀíΪ¸ßÌúËá¼ØÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÄÜɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬ÔÚË®Öб»»¹ÔÉú³ÉFe£¨OH£©3½ºÌå¡¢ÓÐÎü¸½ÐÔÆð¾»Ë®×÷Óã®
£¨3£©¸É·¨ÖƱ¸K2FeO4µÄ·´Ó¦ÖÐÑõ»¯¼ÁÓ뻹ԼÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ3©s1£®
£¨4£©¸ßÌúµç³ØÊÇÕýÔÚÑÐÖÆÖеĿɳäµç¸Éµç³Ø£¬Í¼2Ϊ¸Ãµç³ØºÍ³£ÓõĸßÄܼîÐÔµç³ØµÄ·ÅµçÇúÏߣ¬Óɴ˿ɵóöµÄ¸ßÌúµç³ØµÄÓŵãÓзŵçʱ¼ä³¤¡¢¹¤×÷µçѹÎȶ¨£®