ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
20£®½«Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄþ¡¢Í×é³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÎï¼ÓÈ뵽ϡÏõËáÖУ¬½ðÊôÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨¼ÙÉè·´Ó¦Öл¹Ô²úÎïÈ«²¿ÊÇNO£©£®Ïò·´Ó¦ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë3mol/LNaOHÈÜÒºÖÁ³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬²âµÃÉú³É³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈԺϽðµÄÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó7.65g£¬ÔòÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©A£® | µ±Éú³É³Áµí´ïµ½×î´óÁ¿Ê±£¬ÏûºÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ150mL | |
B£® | µ±½ðÊôÈ«²¿ÈܽâʱÊÕ¼¯µ½NOÆøÌåµÄÌå»ýΪ0.336L£¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£© | |
C£® | µ±½ðÊôÈ«²¿Èܽâʱ£¬²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ò»¶¨ÊÇ0.6mol | |
D£® | ²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄ½ðÊôµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Ò»¶¨ÊÇ9.9g |
·ÖÎö ½«Ò»¶¨Á¿µÄþºÍÍ×é³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÎï¼ÓÈ뵽ϡHNO3ÖУ¬½ðÊôÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨¼ÙÉè·´Ó¦Öл¹Ô²úÎïÖ»ÓÐNO£©£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£º3Mg+8HNO3 £¨Ï¡£©=3Mg£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O£»3Cu+8HNO3 £¨Ï¡£©=3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O£»
Ïò·´Ó¦ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄ3mol/L NaOHÈÜÒºÖÁ³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºMg£¨NO3£©2+2NaOH=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaNO3£»Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NaOH=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaNO3£¬³ÁµíΪÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾ºÍÇâÑõ»¯Í£¬Éú³É³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈԺϽðµÄÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó7.65g£¬ÔòÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾ºÍÇâÑõ»¯Íº¬ÓÐÇâÑõ¸ùµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª7.65g£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª$\frac{7.65g}{17g/mol}$=0.45mol£¬ÔòþºÍ͵Ä×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.225mol£¬
A£®µ±Éú³ÉµÄ³Áµí´ïµ½×î´óÁ¿Ê±£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaNO3£¬ÏõËá¸ùÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaNO3£©=2n£¨ÏõËáÍ+ÏõËáþ£©£¬ÓÉÄÆÀë×ÓÊغãÓÉn£¨NaOH£©=n£¨NaNO3£©£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝV=$\frac{n}{V}$¼ÆË㣻
B£®¸ù¾Ýµç×ÓתÒÆÊغã¼ÆËãNOÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬½áºÏÆøÌå²»Ò»¶¨ÊDZê×¼×´¿öÅжϣ»
C£®¸ù¾ÝµªÔªËØÊغãn£¨HNO3£©=2n£¨ÏõËáÍ+ÏõËáþ£©+n£¨NO£©£»
D£®¸ù¾ÝþºÍ͵Ä×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÒÔ¼°½ðÊôµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Óë½ðÊôµÄº¬Á¿ÓйØÀ´¼ÆË㣮
½â´ð ½â£º½«Ò»¶¨Á¿µÄþºÍÍ×é³ÉµÄ»ìºÏÎï¼ÓÈ뵽ϡHNO3ÖУ¬½ðÊôÍêÈ«Èܽ⣨¼ÙÉè·´Ó¦Öл¹Ô²úÎïÖ»ÓÐNO£©£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£º3Mg+8HNO3 £¨Ï¡£©=3Mg£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O£»3Cu+8HNO3 £¨Ï¡£©=3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O£»
Ïò·´Ó¦ºóµÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄ3mol/L NaOHÈÜÒºÖÁ³ÁµíÍêÈ«£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦£ºMg£¨NO3£©2+2NaOH=Mg£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaNO3£»Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NaOH=Cu£¨OH£©2¡ý+2NaNO3£¬³ÁµíΪÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾ºÍÇâÑõ»¯Í£¬Éú³É³ÁµíµÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈԺϽðµÄÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó7.65g£¬ÔòÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾ºÍÇâÑõ»¯Íº¬ÓÐÇâÑõ¸ùµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª7.65g£¬ÇâÑõ¸ùµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª$\frac{7.65g}{17g/mol}$=0.45mol£¬ÔòþºÍ͵Ä×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.225mol£¬
A£®µ±Éú³ÉµÄ³Áµí´ïµ½×î´óÁ¿Ê±£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaNO3£¬ÏõËá¸ùÊغã¿ÉÖªn£¨NaNO3£©=2n£¨ÏõËáÍ+ÏõËáþ£©=0.225mol¡Á2=0.45mol£¬ÓÉÄÆÀë×ÓÊغãÓÉn£¨NaOH£©=n£¨NaNO3£©=0.45mol£¬¹Ê´ËʱÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ$\frac{0.45mol}{3mol/L}$=0.15L=150mL£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®¸ù¾Ýµç×ÓתÒÆÊغã¿ÉÖªÉú³ÉµÄNOÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª$\frac{0.225mol¡Á2}{3}$=0.15mol£¬±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬Éú³ÉNOµÄÌå»ýΪ0.15mol¡Á22.4L/mol=3.36L£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C¡¢¸ù¾ÝµªÔªËØÊغãn£¨HNO3£©=2n£¨ÏõËáÍ+ÏõËáþ£©+n£¨NO£©=0.225mol¡Á2+0.15mol=0.6mol£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D¡¢Ã¾ºÍ͵Ä×ܵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.225mol£¬¼Ù¶¨È«ÎªÃ¾£¬ÖÊÁ¿Îª0.225mol¡Á24g/mol=5.4g£¬ÈôȫΪͣ¬ÖÊÁ¿Îª0.225mol¡Á64g/mol=14.4g£¬ËùÒԲμӷ´Ó¦µÄ½ðÊôµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿£¨m£©Îª5.4g£¼m£¼14.4g£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£»
¹ÊÑ¡AC£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²é»ìºÏÎïÓйؼÆË㣬É漰þÍÓëÏõËá·´Ó¦¡¢Éú³ÉµÄÑÎÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬×ۺϿ¼²éѧÉúµÄµÃʧµç×ÓÊغ㡢ÖÊÁ¿ÊغãµÈ×ÛºÏÔËÓúͽâ¾ö¸´ÔÓÎÊÌâµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬ÊÇÒ»µÀ¿¼²éÄÜÁ¦µÄºÃÌ⣬ÄѶȽϴó£®
A£® | H2¡¢N2¡¢CCl4 | B£® | CH4¡¢NH3¡¢H2O | C£® | CO2¡¢CS2¡¢Cl2 | D£® | HCl¡¢NO¡¢Br2 |
A£® | H2O | B£® | C£® | D£® | H2N-CH2-COOH |
A£® | ¼î½ðÊôÔªËØËæÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄµÝÔöÔ×Ӱ뾶Öð½¥¼õС | |
B£® | ¼î½ðÊôÔªËØËæÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄµÝÔöÀë×ÓÑõ»¯ÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ | |
C£® | ¼î½ðÊôÔªËصĵ¥ÖÊÔÚÑõÆøµãȼ¶¼Éú³É¹ýÑõ»¯Îï | |
D£® | ¼î½ðÊôÔªËØËæÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄµÝÔö×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯Îï¶ÔÓ¦µÄË®»¯Îï¼îÐÔÖð½¥¼õÈõ |
A£® | NH3£¨g£©+HCl£¨g£©¡úNH4Cl£¨s£©£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦¿É×Ô·¢½øÐУ¬¹ÊìØÖµÔö´ó | |
B£® | SO2£¨g£©¡úS£¨s£©+O2£¨g£©¡÷H£¾0£¬¡÷S£¼0£®Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦ÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ | |
C£® | O2£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨l£©¡÷H£¼0£¬ºãκãѹÏÂÒ»¶¨ÄÜ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ | |
D£® | ijζÈÏÂ2SO2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2SO3£¨g£©£¬K1=400£¬ÔòÏàͬζÈÏÂ2SO3£¨g£©?2SO2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©µÄƽºâ³£ÊýΪ$\frac{1}{400}$ |
A£® | P3=P4£¬yÖá±íʾCµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊý | |
B£® | P3£¼P4£¬yÖá±íʾBµÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý | |
C£® | P3£¼P4£¬yÖá±íʾ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃÜ¶È | |
D£® | P3£¾P4£¬yÖá±íʾ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄƽ¾ùĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿ |