ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ

3£®Fridel-Crafts·´Ó¦ÊÇÏò±½»·ÉÏÒýÈëÍé»ù×îÖØÒªµÄ·½·¨£¬ÔںϳÉÉÏÓкܴóµÄʵÓüÛÖµ£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥±íʾÈçÏ£ºArH+RX$\stackrel{´ß»¯¼Á}{¡ú}$ArR+HX£»¡÷H£¼0£¨Ar±íʾ±½»ù£©£®Ä³»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éÔÚʵÑéÊÒÏÈÀûÓÃÊ嶡´¼ÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦ÖƵÃÊ嶡»ùÂÈ£¨·Ðµã50.7¡æ£©£¬ÔÙÀûÓÃFridel-Crafts·´Ó¦Ô­ÀíÖƱ¸¶ÔÊ嶡»ù±½·Ó£¨ÈÛµã99¡æ£©£®·´Ó¦Á÷³Ì¼°ÊµÑé×°ÖÃÈçͼ1Ëùʾ£º

ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©²½Öè¢ÙÊÇÖ±½Ó½«ÑÎËá¡¢Ê嶡´¼Ö±ÓÚ·ÖҺ©¶·ÖУ¬ÕñÒ¡Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó¾²Ö÷ÖÒº£®ÕñÒ¡¹ý³ÌÖÐÓ¦½øÐзÅÆø²Ù×÷£®²½Öè¢ÚÖÐÓñ¥ºÍʳÑÎË®¼°±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄƵÄÄ¿µÄÊdzýÈ¥Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÎïÖеÄHClµÈËáÐÔÔÓÖÊ¡¢¼õÉÙÊ嶡»ùÂÈÈܽâËðºÄÁ¿£®²½Öè¢ÛÊÇÒª½«Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÆ·ÖƳɾ«Æ·£¬ÊµÑé²Ù×÷·½·¨ÊÇÕôÁó£®
£¨2£©²½Öè¢ÜÔÚÈçͼ2ËùʾµÄ×°ÖÃÖнøÐУ¬ÈôʵÑé¹ý³ÌÖÐÈ¥µôÖƱ¸×°ÖÃÖÐ×°ÓÐÂÈ»¯¸ÆµÄ¸ÉÔï¹Ü£¬ÓпÉÄܵ¼ÖµIJ»Á¼ºó¹ûÊÇË®Æø½øÈ룬·´Ó¦Îï¡¢´ß»¯¼ÁµÈ¿ÉÄÜʧЧ£®
£¨3£©Ê嶡»ùÂÈÓë±½Åη´Ó¦Ê±Êʵ±¿ØÖÆζÈÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄ£®Èô·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐζȹý¸ßÓ¦ÓÃÀäˮԡÀäÈ´£¬·ñÔò¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖµIJ»Á¼ºó¹ûÊÇ·´Ó¦·ÅÈÈʹζÈÉý¸ß£¬ÇÒÉú³É´óÁ¿µÄHClÆøÌ壬Èô²»¼°Ê±ÀäÈ´£¬Ê嶡»ùÂȵÄÕôÆøÒ×Òݳö¶øÓ°Ïì²úÂÊ£®
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏÂÊ嶡»ùÂÈÒ×±äÖÊ£¨´ò¿ªÆ¿Èûʱƿ¿Ú»áÓа×ÎíÏÖÏó£¾£¬¹ÊʵÑéÖÐËùÓõıØÐëÏÖÓÃÏÖÅ䣬ÊÔд³öÊ嶡»ùÂÈÔÚ³£ÎÂϱäÖÊʱ·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¨CH3£©3CCl¡úCH2=C£¨CH3£©2+HCl¡ü»ò£¨CH3£©3CCl+H2O¡ú£¨CH3£©3COH+HCl¡ü£®
£¨5£©ÊµÑéÖеõ½²úÆ·Ê嶡»ù±½Åγ£³£²»ÊÇ°×É«¶ø³ÊÏÖdz×ÏÉ«£¬ÄãÈÏΪ¿ÉÄܵÄÔ­ÒòÊÇÒ»²¿·Ö±½·Ó±»¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøËùÑõ»¯£®

·ÖÎö £¨1£©¸ù¾Ý·ÖҺ©¶·µÄʹÓÃ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî´ðÌ⣬Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÎïÖÐÓÐHClµÈÔÓÖÊ£¬Ê嶡»ùÂÈÔÚʳÑÎË®¼°±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÖеÄÈܽâ¶ÈС£¬¾Ý´Ë´ðÌ⣬ÓÉÓÚÊ嶡»ùÂȵķеã½ÏµÍ£¬¿ÉÓÃÕôÁó·¨·ÖÀ룻
£¨2£©ÂÈ»¯¸Æ¸ÉÔï¹Ü¾ßÓÐÎüË®×÷Ó㬿ɷÀÖ¹ÂÈ»¯ÂÁË®½â¶ø±äÖÊ£»
£¨3£©Èô·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐζȹý¸ß£¬¿Éµ¼ÖÂÊ嶡»ùÂȻӷ¢£»
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏÂÊ嶡»ùÂÈÒ×±äÖÊ£¬´ò¿ªÆ¿Èûʱƿ¿Ú»áÓа×ÎíÏÖÏó£¬ÔòÓÐÂÈ»¯Çâ²úÉú£¬ËùÒÔÊ嶡»ùÂÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCH2=C£¨CH3£©2ºÍHCl»ò£¨CH3£©3CClË®½â²úÉúÂÈ»¯Ç⣻
£¨5£©±½·ÓÒ×±»Ñõ»¯¶ø±äÖÊ£®

½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©Ê¹Ó÷ÖҺ©¶·Ê±£¬ÕñÒ¡¹ý³ÌÖÐÓ¦½øÐзÅÆø£¬Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÎïÖÐÓÐHClµÈÔÓÖÊ£¬Ê嶡»ùÂÈÔÚʳÑÎË®¼°±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄÆÖеÄÈܽâ¶ÈС£¬ËùÒÔ²½Öè¢ÚÖÐÓñ¥ºÍʳÑÎË®¼°±¥ºÍ̼ËáÇâÄƵÄÄ¿µÄÊdzýÈ¥Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÎïÖеÄHClµÈËáÐÔÔÓÖÊ¡¢¼õÉÙÊ嶡»ùÂÈÈܽâËðºÄÁ¿£¬ÓÉÓÚÊ嶡»ùÂȵķеã½ÏµÍ£¬¿ÉÓÃÕôÁó·¨·ÖÀ룬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·ÅÆø£»³ýÈ¥Ê嶡»ùÂÈ´Ö²úÎïÖеÄHClµÈËáÐÔÔÓÖÊ¡¢¼õÉÙÊ嶡»ùÂÈÈܽâËðºÄÁ¿£»ÕôÁó£»
£¨2£©ÂÈ»¯¸Æ¸ÉÔï¹Ü¾ßÓÐÎüË®×÷Ó㬿ɷÀֹˮÆø½øÈ룬ʹ·´Ó¦Îï¡¢´ß»¯¼ÁµÈʧЧ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË®Æø½øÈ룬·´Ó¦Îï¡¢´ß»¯¼ÁµÈ¿ÉÄÜʧЧ£»
£¨3£©·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦£¬Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ½øÐУ¬Î¶ÈÖð½¥Éý¸ß£¬Éú³É´óÁ¿µÄHClÆøÌå¶øµ¼Ö·´Ó¦×°ÖÃÄÚѹǿ¹ý¸ß£¬Çҿɵ¼ÖÂÊ嶡»ùÂȻӷ¢¶øÓ°Ïì²úÂÊ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º·´Ó¦·ÅÈÈʹζÈÉý¸ß£¬ÇÒÉú³É´óÁ¿µÄHClÆøÌ壬Èô²»¼°Ê±ÀäÈ´£¬Ê嶡»ùÂȵÄÕôÆøÒ×Òݳö¶øÓ°Ïì²úÂÊ£»
£¨4£©³£ÎÂÏÂÊ嶡»ùÂÈÒ×±äÖÊ£¬´ò¿ªÆ¿Èûʱƿ¿Ú»áÓа×ÎíÏÖÏó£¬ÔòÓÐÂÈ»¯Çâ²úÉú£¬ËùÒÔÊ嶡»ùÂÈ·¢ÉúÏûÈ¥·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCH2=C£¨CH3£©2ºÍHCl»ò£¨CH3£©3CClË®½â²úÉúÂÈ»¯Ç⣬·´Ó¦µÄ·½³ÌʽΪ£¨CH3£©3CCl¡úCH2=C£¨CH3£©2+HCl¡ü»ò£¨CH3£©3CCl+H2O¡ú£¨CH3£©3COH+HCl¡ü£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨CH3£©3CCl¡úCH2=C£¨CH3£©2+HCl¡ü»ò£¨CH3£©3CCl+H2O¡ú£¨CH3£©3COH+HCl¡ü£»
£¨5£©±½·ÓÒ×±»Ñõ»¯Éú³É¶Ô±½õ«£¬¿Éµ¼ÖÂ×îÖÕ²úÆ·¶ÔÊ嶡»ù±½·Ó²»ÊÇ°×É«¶ø³ÊÏÖ×ÏÉ«£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÒ»²¿·Ö±½·Ó±»¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøËùÑõ»¯£®

µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÒÔÓлúÎïµÄºÏ³ÉΪÔØÌå×ۺϿ¼²é»¯Ñ§ÖƱ¸ÊµÑé·½°¸µÄÉè¼Æ£¬²àÖØÓÚѧÉúµÄʵÑéÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÆÀ¼ÛÄÜÁ¦ºÍ·ÖÎöÄÜÁ¦µÄ¿¼²é£¬Îª¸ß¿¼³£¼ûÌâÐÍ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢Òâ°ÑÎÕʵÑé²Ù×÷Ô­ÀíºÍ·½·¨£®

Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
11£®ÀûÓ÷ÏÂÁ²­£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪAl¡¢ÉÙÁ¿µÄFe¡¢SiµÈ£©¼È¿ÉÖÆÈ¡ÓлúºÏ³É´ß»¯¼ÁAlBr3ÓÖ¿ÉÖÆÈ¡¾»Ë®¼ÁÁòËáÂÁ¾§Ì壮
I£®ÊµÑéÊÒÖÆÈ¡ÎÞÉ«µÄÎÞË®AlBr3£¨È۵㣺97.5¡æ£¬·Ðµã£º263.3¡æ¡«265¡æ£¬ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐAlBr3ÓöË®ÕôÆøÒ×·¢ÉúË®½â£©¿ÉÓÃÈçͼ1ËùʾװÖã¬Ö÷ҪʵÑé²½ÖèÈçÏ£º
²½Öèl£®½«ÂÁ²­¼ôË飬ÓÃCCl4½þÅÝƬ¿Ì£¬¸ÉÔȻºóͶÈë
µ½ÉÕÆ¿6ÖУ®
²½Öè2£®´Óµ¼¹Ü¿Ú7µ¼È뵪Æø£¬Í¬Ê±´ò¿ªµ¼¹Ü¿ÚlºÍ4Åųö¿ÕÆø£¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äºó¹Ø±Õµ¼¹Ü¿Ú7ºÍ1£»µ¼¹Ü¿Ú4½Ó×°ÓÐP2O5µÄ¸ÉÔï¹Ü£®
²½Öè3£®´ÓµÎҺ©¶·µÎÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄÒºäåÓÚÉÕÆ¿6ÖУ¬²¢±£Ö¤
ÉÕÆ¿6ÖÐÂÁ¹ýÊ££®
²½Öè4£®¼ÓÈÈÉÕÆ¿6£¬»ØÁ÷Ò»¶¨Ê±¼ä£®
²½Öè5£®½«µªÆøµÄÁ÷¶¯·½Ïò¸ÄΪ´Óµ¼¹Ü¿Ú4µ½µ¼¹Ü¿Úl£®½«×°ÓÐP2O5µÄ¸ÉÔï¹ÜÓëµ¼¹Ü¿Ú1Á¬½Ó£¬½«ÉÕÆ¿6¼ÓÈÈÖÁ270¡æ×óÓÒ£¬Ê¹AlBr3ÕôÁó½øÈëÊÕ¼¯Æ÷2£®
²½Öè6£®ÕôÁóÍê±Ïʱ£¬ÔÚ¼ÌÐøͨÈ뵪ÆøµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬½«ÊÕ¼¯Æ÷2´Ó3´¦²ðÏ£¬²¢Á¢¼´·â±Õ3´¦£®
£¨1£©²½ÖèlÖУ¬ÂÁ²­ÓÃCCl4½þÅݵÄÄ¿µÄÊdzýÈ¥ÂÁ²­±íÃæµÄÓÍÖ¬µÈÓлúÎ
£¨2£©²½Öè2²Ù×÷ÖУ¬Í¨µªÆøµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÅÅÈ¥×°ÖÃÖк¬Ë®ÕôÆøµÄ¿ÕÆø£®
£¨3£©²½Öè3ÖУ¬¸ÃʵÑéÒª±£Ö¤ÉÕÆ¿ÖÐÂÁ²­¹ýÊ££¬ÆäÄ¿µÄÊDZ£Ö¤ÒºäåÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬·ÀÖ¹äå¹ýÁ¿»ìÈëAlBr3ÖУ®
£¨4£©²½Öè4ÒÀ¾ÝºÎÖÖÏÖÏóÅжϿÉÒÔÍ£Ö¹»ØÁ÷²Ù×÷5µÄ¹ÜÖлØÁ÷Òº³ÊÎÞÉ«£¨»òÉÕÆ¿6ÖÐÎïÖʳÊÎÞÉ«£©£®
£¨5£©²½Öè5Ðè´ò¿ªµ¼¹Ü¿ÚlºÍ4£¬²¢´Ó4ͨÈëN2µÄÄ¿µÄÊǽ«AlBr3ÕôÆøµ¼Èë×°ÖÃ2Öв¢ÀäÄý£®
¢ò£®Ä³¿ÎÍâС×éµÄͬѧÄâÓ÷ÏÂÁ²­ÖÆÈ¡ÁòËáÂÁ¾§Ì壬ÒÑÖªÂÁµÄÎïÖÖÀà±ðÓëÈÜÒºpH¹ØϵÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£¬ÊµÑéÖпÉÑ¡ÓõÄÊÔ¼Á£º´¦Àí¹ýµÄÂÁ²­£»2.0mol•L-1NaOHÈÜÒº£º2.0mol•L-1ÁòËá
£¨6£©ÓÉÂÁ²­ÖƱ¸ÁòËáÂÁ¾§ÌåµÄʵÑé²½ÖèÒÀ´ÎΪ£º
¢Ù³ÆÈ¡Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄÂÁ²­ÓÚÉÕ±­ÖУ¬·Ö´Î¼ÓÈë2.0mol•L-1NaOHÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈÈÖÁ²»ÔÙ²úÉúÆøÅÝΪֹ£®
¢Ú¹ýÂË£¬¢ÛÂËÒºÓÃ2.0mol•L-1ÁòËáÔÚ²»¶Ï½Á°èϵ÷µ½pH4¡«10×óÓÒ£»
¢Ü¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ³Áµí£»¢ÝÏò³ÁµíÖв»¶Ï¼ÓÈë2.0mol•L-1ÁòËᣬÖÁÇ¡ºÃÈܽ⣻
¢ÞÕô·¢Å¨Ëõ£»¢ßÀäÈ´½á¾§£»¢à¹ýÂË¡¢Ï´µÓ¡¢¸ÉÔ
18£®¸ßÃÌËá¼Ø[KMnO4]Êdz£ÓõÄÑõ»¯¼Á£®¹¤ÒµÉÏÒÔÈíÃÌ¿ó£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖÊÇMnO2£©ÎªÔ­ÁÏÖƱ¸¸ßÃÌËá¼Ø¾§Ì壮Öмä²úÎïΪÃÌËá¼Ø[K2MnO4]£®Èçͼ1ÊÇʵÑéÊÒÄ£ÄâÖƱ¸µÄ²Ù×÷Á÷³Ì£º

Ïà¹Ø×ÊÁÏ£º
¢ÙÎïÖÊÈܽâ¶È
ÎïÖÊKMnO4K2CO3KHCO3K2SO4CH3COOK
20¡æÈܽâ¶È6.411133.711.1217
¢ÚÃÌËá¼Ø[K2MnO4]
Íâ¹ÛÐÔ×´£ºÄ«ÂÌÉ«½á¾§£®ÆäË®ÈÜÒº³ÊÉîÂÌÉ«£¬ÕâÊÇÃÌËá¸ù£¨MnO42-£©µÄÌØÕ÷ÑÕÉ«£®
»¯Ñ§ÐÔÖÊ£ºÔÚÇ¿¼îÐÔÈÜÒºÖÐÎȶ¨£¬ÔÚËáÐÔ¡¢ÖÐÐÔºÍÈõ¼îÐÔ»·¾³Ï£¬MnO42-»á·¢ÉúÆ绯·´Ó¦£®
ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ìÑÉÕÈíÃÌ¿óºÍKOH¹ÌÌåʱ£¬²»²ÉÓÃʯӢÛáÛö¶øÑ¡ÓÃÌúÛáÛö£¬ÊµÑéÖÐÓÃÌúÛáÛöìÑÉÕ±©Â¶ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖеĹÌÌå»ìºÏÎï·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2MnO2+4KOH+O2$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$2K2MnO4+2H2O£®
£¨2£©ÊµÑéʱ£¬ÈôCO2¹ýÁ¿»áÉú³ÉKHCO3£¬ÇëÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾʵÑéÖÐͨÈëÊÊÁ¿CO2ʱµ¼ÖÂÌåϵÖÐKMnO4²úÆ·´¿¶È½µµÍµÄÔ­Òò£º3MnO42-+2CO2¨T2MnO4-+MnO2¡ý+2CO32-£»
£¨3£©¹¤ÒµÉÏÒ»°ã²ÉÓöèÐԵ缫µç½âÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒºÖÆÈ¡¸ßÃÌËá¼Ø£¬ÊÔд³ö¸Ãµç½â·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ2K2MnO4+2H2O$\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$2KMnO4+H2¡ü+2KOH£»
´«Í³¹¤ÒÕ²ÉÓÃÎÞĤµç½â·¨ÓÉÓÚ¸±·´Ó¦·¢Éú£¬MnÔªËØÀûÓÃÂʺ͵çÁ÷ЧÂʶ¼»áÆ«µÍ£®ÓÐͬѧÁªÏëµ½Àë×Ó½»»»Ä¤·¨µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®Ìá³ö¸Ä½ø·½·¨£º¿ÉÓÃÑôÀë×Ó½»»»Ä¤·Ö¸ôÁ½¼«Çø½øÐеç½â£¨Èçͼ2£©£®Í¼ÖÐA¿Ú¼ÓÈëµÄÈÜÒº×îºÃΪKOHÈÜÒº£®Ê¹ÓÃÑôÀë×Ó½»»»Ä¤¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ßMnÔªËØÀûÓÃÂʵÄÔ­ÒòΪÑôÀë×Ó½»»»Ä¤·ÀÖ¹ÃÌËá¸ù½øÈëÒõ¼«Çø±»»¹Ô­£®

Î¥·¨ºÍ²»Á¼ÐÅÏ¢¾Ù±¨µç»°£º027-86699610 ¾Ù±¨ÓÊÏ䣺58377363@163.com

¾«Ó¢¼Ò½ÌÍø