ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨12·Ö£©Ä³»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éΪÁË̽¾¿Ð¿ÓëŨÁòËá·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆøÌåµÄ³É·Ö×öÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飺
½«50gп·ÛÓë50mLŨH2SO4ÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þϳä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬Ð¿·ÛÓÐÊ£Ó࣬ÊÕ¼¯µ½Ò»¶¨Ìå»ýµÄÆøÌ壬½«¸ÃÆøÌåÌå»ýÕÛËã³É±ê×¼×´¿öΪ11.2L¡£
(1)»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éËùÖƵõÄÆøÌåXÖлìÓеÄÖ÷ÒªÔÓÖÊÆøÌå¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
£¨Ìî·Ö×Óʽ£©¡£²úÉúÕâÖÖ½á¹ûµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
£¨2£©ÊµÑéÑéÖ¤£ºÎªÁ˼ìÑéÖ÷ÒªÔÓÖÊÆøÌåµÄ³É·Ö£¬»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éµÄͬѧÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飬¶ÔÆøÌåXÈ¡Ñù½øÐÐ̽¾¿¡£
¢ÙAÖмÓÈëµÄÊÔ¼Á¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¬×÷ÓÃÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
¡¡BÖмÓÈëµÄÊÔ¼Á¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
¢Ú֤ʵÆøÌåXÖлìÓÐÔÓÖÊÆøÌ壬DÖÐӦѡÔñµÄÊÔ¼ÁÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¬Í¬Ê±Ó¦¹Û²ìµ½CÖеÄʵÑéÏÖÏóÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
£¨3£©ÀíÂÛ·ÖÎö£º
¢Ù¸ÃС×éÓÐͬѧÌá³öÖ»ÐèÒªÔÙ²â³öÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý£¬±ãÄÜ׼ȷµÄÈ·¶¨¸ÃÆøÌåµÄ×é³É£¬ÄãÈÏΪËû¿ÉÒÔÊDzâÏÂÁÐ ¡£
A¡¢·´Ó¦ºóÊ£ÓàпµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª17.5g
B¡¢ÊÕ¼¯µ½ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª25.8g
C¡¢Å¨ÁòËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ18.0mol/L
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝÄãÔÚ¢ÙÖÐËùÑ¡Êý¾Ý£¬Í¨¹ý¼ÆËãÈ·¶¨ÆøÌåXÖи÷³É·ÖÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
½«50gп·ÛÓë50mLŨH2SO4ÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þϳä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬Ð¿·ÛÓÐÊ£Ó࣬ÊÕ¼¯µ½Ò»¶¨Ìå»ýµÄÆøÌ壬½«¸ÃÆøÌåÌå»ýÕÛËã³É±ê×¼×´¿öΪ11.2L¡£
(1)»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éËùÖƵõÄÆøÌåXÖлìÓеÄÖ÷ÒªÔÓÖÊÆøÌå¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
£¨Ìî·Ö×Óʽ£©¡£²úÉúÕâÖÖ½á¹ûµÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ£¨ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ£©¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
£¨2£©ÊµÑéÑéÖ¤£ºÎªÁ˼ìÑéÖ÷ÒªÔÓÖÊÆøÌåµÄ³É·Ö£¬»¯Ñ§ÐËȤС×éµÄͬѧÉè¼ÆÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飬¶ÔÆøÌåXÈ¡Ñù½øÐÐ̽¾¿¡£
¢ÙAÖмÓÈëµÄÊÔ¼Á¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¬×÷ÓÃÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
¡¡BÖмÓÈëµÄÊÔ¼Á¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
¢Ú֤ʵÆøÌåXÖлìÓÐÔÓÖÊÆøÌ壬DÖÐӦѡÔñµÄÊÔ¼ÁÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£¬Í¬Ê±Ó¦¹Û²ìµ½CÖеÄʵÑéÏÖÏóÊÇ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
£¨3£©ÀíÂÛ·ÖÎö£º
¢Ù¸ÃС×éÓÐͬѧÌá³öÖ»ÐèÒªÔÙ²â³öÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý£¬±ãÄÜ׼ȷµÄÈ·¶¨¸ÃÆøÌåµÄ×é³É£¬ÄãÈÏΪËû¿ÉÒÔÊDzâÏÂÁÐ ¡£
A¡¢·´Ó¦ºóÊ£ÓàпµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª17.5g
B¡¢ÊÕ¼¯µ½ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª25.8g
C¡¢Å¨ÁòËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ18.0mol/L
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝÄãÔÚ¢ÙÖÐËùÑ¡Êý¾Ý£¬Í¨¹ý¼ÆËãÈ·¶¨ÆøÌåXÖи÷³É·ÖÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪ£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
£¨12·Ö£©
£¨1£©H2 ¡¡Zn+2H+£½Zn2++H2¡ü£¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©¢ÙNaOHÈÜÒº(»òÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸)¡¡£¬ÎüÊÕSO2ÆøÌ壬ŨH2SO4
¢ÚÎÞË®CuSO4£¬ºÚÉ«¹ÌÌå±äºì
£¨3£©¢ÙBC¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¢ÚSO2Ϊ0.4mol£¬H2Ϊ0.1mol
£¨1£©H2 ¡¡Zn+2H+£½Zn2++H2¡ü£¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©¢ÙNaOHÈÜÒº(»òÆäËûºÏÀí´ð°¸)¡¡£¬ÎüÊÕSO2ÆøÌ壬ŨH2SO4
¢ÚÎÞË®CuSO4£¬ºÚÉ«¹ÌÌå±äºì
£¨3£©¢ÙBC¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¢ÚSO2Ϊ0.4mol£¬H2Ϊ0.1mol
пÓëŨÁòËá¿ÉÉú³ÉSO2ÆøÌ壺¢ÙZn£«2H2SO4(Ũ)=ZnSO4£«SO2¡ü£«2H2O
µ±Å¨ÁòËáÖð½¥±äΪϡÁòËáʱ£¬Éú³ÉH2£º¢ÚZn+H2SO4(Ï¡)£½ZnSO4+H2¡ü
£¨1£©¿É¼ûËùνÓÐÔÓÖÊÆøÌå¾ÍÊÇÇâÆø
£¨2£©ÎªÁ˼ìÑéÇâÆøµÄ´æÔÚ£¬½áºÏÌâÄ¿Ëù¸ø×°Öü°Ò©Æ·¿ÉÖª£ºÓÃÇâÆø»¹ÔCuO£¨ºÚÉ«·ÛÄ©±äºì£©£¬Éú³ÉµÄË®ÓÃÎÞË®ÁòËáÍ£¨×°ÖÃD£©À´¼ìÑé
ÏÈÓüîÒºÎüÊÕSO2£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýKMnO4ÈÜÒºÊÇ·ñÍÊÉ«À´¼ìÑé²¢ÔÙ´ÎÎüÊÕSO2£»Ëæºó±ØÐëÓÃŨÁòËá¸ÉÔïÆøÌ壬µÃµ½¸ÉÔï´¿¾»µÄÇâÆø£¬Í¨Èë×°ÖÃCÖÐÀ´»¹ÔCuO£»
£¨3£©Éè»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐSO2¡¢H2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪx mol¡¢y mol
ÓÉ¢Ù¢ÚÁ½·½³Ìʽ¼°ÌâÄ¿Ëù¸øÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬È·¶¨¸Ã»ìºÏÆøÌ壨SO2¡¢H2£©µÄ×é³É£¬ÒѾ֪µÀ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý£¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂx+y=11.2/22.4=0.5£©£¬Ö»ÒªÖªµÀÊÕ¼¯µ½ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿»òŨÁòËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ù¿ÉÔÙÁгöÒ»µÈʽ£¬¼´¿ÉÂú×ãÌâÒâ
64x+2y=25.8»ò2x+y=0.05¡Á18
µ«ÖªµÀ·´Ó¦ºóÊ£Óàп·ÛµÄÖÊÁ¿Ö»ÄÜÁгöͬÑùµÄµÈʽ£¬¼´£ºx+y=£¬Çó²»³öδÊÊÁ¿£¬ÅųýA
¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªBC
×îÖÕ½âµÃ£ºx=0.4mol y=0.1mol
µ±Å¨ÁòËáÖð½¥±äΪϡÁòËáʱ£¬Éú³ÉH2£º¢ÚZn+H2SO4(Ï¡)£½ZnSO4+H2¡ü
£¨1£©¿É¼ûËùνÓÐÔÓÖÊÆøÌå¾ÍÊÇÇâÆø
£¨2£©ÎªÁ˼ìÑéÇâÆøµÄ´æÔÚ£¬½áºÏÌâÄ¿Ëù¸ø×°Öü°Ò©Æ·¿ÉÖª£ºÓÃÇâÆø»¹ÔCuO£¨ºÚÉ«·ÛÄ©±äºì£©£¬Éú³ÉµÄË®ÓÃÎÞË®ÁòËáÍ£¨×°ÖÃD£©À´¼ìÑé
ÏÈÓüîÒºÎüÊÕSO2£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýKMnO4ÈÜÒºÊÇ·ñÍÊÉ«À´¼ìÑé²¢ÔÙ´ÎÎüÊÕSO2£»Ëæºó±ØÐëÓÃŨÁòËá¸ÉÔïÆøÌ壬µÃµ½¸ÉÔï´¿¾»µÄÇâÆø£¬Í¨Èë×°ÖÃCÖÐÀ´»¹ÔCuO£»
£¨3£©Éè»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐSO2¡¢H2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·Ö±ðΪx mol¡¢y mol
ÓÉ¢Ù¢ÚÁ½·½³Ìʽ¼°ÌâÄ¿Ëù¸øÊý¾Ý¿ÉÖª£¬È·¶¨¸Ã»ìºÏÆøÌ壨SO2¡¢H2£©µÄ×é³É£¬ÒѾ֪µÀ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÌå»ý£¨±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂx+y=11.2/22.4=0.5£©£¬Ö»ÒªÖªµÀÊÕ¼¯µ½ÆøÌåµÄÖÊÁ¿»òŨÁòËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ù¿ÉÔÙÁгöÒ»µÈʽ£¬¼´¿ÉÂú×ãÌâÒâ
64x+2y=25.8»ò2x+y=0.05¡Á18
µ«ÖªµÀ·´Ó¦ºóÊ£Óàп·ÛµÄÖÊÁ¿Ö»ÄÜÁгöͬÑùµÄµÈʽ£¬¼´£ºx+y=£¬Çó²»³öδÊÊÁ¿£¬ÅųýA
¹Ê´ð°¸ÎªBC
×îÖÕ½âµÃ£ºx=0.4mol y=0.1mol
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿