ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
15£®Ä³ÈÜÒºÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐFe2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Cu2+¡¢NH4+¡¢Al3+£¬µ±¼ÓÈëÒ»ÖÖµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌå²¢¼ÓÈÈÈÜҺʱ£¬Óд̼¤ÐÔÆøζÆøÌå·Å³öºÍ°×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£®¼ÓÈëµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨ºá×ø±ê£©ÓëÎö³ö³ÁµíºÍ²úÉúÆøÌåµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨×Ý×ø±ê£©µÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¬¾Ýͼ¿ÉÍÆÖªÈÜÒºÖк¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇMg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢NH4+£¬ËüÃǵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪc£¨Mg2+£©£ºc£¨Al3+£©£ºc£¨NH4+£©=1£º1£º3£¬Ëù¼Óµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌåÊÇNa2O2£¨Ìѧʽ£©£®·ÖÎö µ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌå¼ÓÈëÈÜÒºÖУ¬²¢¼ÓÈÈÈÜҺʱ£¬Óд̼¤ÐÔÆøÌå·Å³öºÍ°×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬Ôòµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌåΪNa2O2£¬Í¼Ïóʵ¼ÊΪÁ½¸öͼºÏÔÚÒ»Æ𣬽ÏÉϵÄÊÇÆøÌ壬½ÏϵÄÊdzÁµí£¬Í¼ÏóÖмÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯Äƺ󣬳ÁµíµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¼õС£¬ÇÒûÓÐÍêÈ«Èܽ⣬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨Ã»ÓÐFe2+ºÍCu2+£¬Ò»¶¨ÓÐNH4+¡¢Al3+¡¢Mg2+£¬ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖªÇâÑõ»¯Ã¾Îª2mol£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁΪ4mol-2mol=2mol£¬¸ù¾ÝÔªËØÊغã¼ÆËãAl3+¡¢Mg2+ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬¼ÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆÖ®ºó£¬Éú³ÉÆøÌå¼õС£¬¹Ê¼ÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆʱ£¬ï§¸ùÀë×ÓÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬¼ÆËã¼ÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆÉú³ÉÑõÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¼ÆËã°±ÆøÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬½ø¶ø¼ÆËãn£¨NH4+£©£®
½â´ð ½â£ºµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌå¼ÓÈëÈÜÒºÖУ¬²¢¼ÓÈÈÈÜҺʱ£¬Óд̼¤ÐÔÆøÌå·Å³öºÍ°×É«³ÁµíÉú³É£¬Ôòµ»ÆÉ«¹ÌÌåΪNa2O2£¬Í¼Ïóʵ¼ÊΪÁ½¸öͼºÏÔÚÒ»Æ𣬽ÏÉϵÄÊÇÆøÌ壬½ÏϵÄÊdzÁµí£¬Í¼ÏóÖмÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯Äƺ󣬳Áµí¼õС£¬ÇÒûÓÐÍêÈ«Èܽ⣬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨Ã»ÓÐFe2+ºÍCu2+£¬Ò»¶¨ÓÐNH4+¡¢Al3+¡¢Mg2+£»¼ÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆÖ®ºó£¬Éú³ÉÆøÌå¼õС£¬¹Ê¼ÓÈë8mol¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆʱ£¬ï§¸ùÀë×ÓÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬
ÓÉ×Ý×ø±ê¿ÉÖª£ºn£¨Mg2+£©=n[Mg£¨OH£©2]=2mol£¬n£¨Al3+£©=4mol-n[Mg£¨OH£©2]=2mol£®
µ±n£¨Na2O2£©=8molʱ£¬ÓÉ2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2¡ü£¬¿ÉÖªn£¨O2£©=8mol¡Á$\frac{1}{2}$=4mol£¬ËùÒÔn£¨NH4+£©=n£¨NH3£©=10mol-n£¨O2£©=6mol£¬
¹Ên£¨Mg2+£©£ºn£¨Al3+£©£ºn£¨NH4+£©=2mol£º2mol£º6mol=1£º1£º3£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH4+¡¢Al3+¡¢Mg2+£»c£¨Mg2+£©£ºc£¨Al3+£©£ºc£¨NH4+£©=1£º1£º3£»Na2O2£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÀë×Ó·´Ó¦¼ÆËã¡¢»¯Ñ§Í¼Ïó·ÖÎöÓëÅжϵÈÖÁÉÙ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬ÊÔÌâ×ÛºÏÐÔºÜÇ¿£¬¸ù¾ÝͼÏó½áºÏÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÅжϺ¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊǹؼü£¬ÊÔÌâ²àÖØ¿¼²éѧÉúµÄ·ÖÎö¡¢Àí½âÄÜÁ¦¼°»¯Ñ§¼ÆËãÄÜÁ¦£®
A£® | H2O | B£® | H2CO3 | C£® | C6H5OH | D£® | CH3CH2OH |
A£® | CH4+2O2 $\stackrel{µãȼ}{¡ú}$CO2+2H2O | B£® | CH2=CH2+Br2¡úCH2BrCH2Br | ||
C£® | 2C2H5OH+2Na¡ú2C2H5ONa+H2¡ü | D£® |
A£® | Na+¡¢Ca2+¡¢N03-¡¢C032- | B£® | Ba2+¡¢K+¡¢HC03-¡¢Al02- | ||
C£® | Na+¡¢NH4+¡¢Cl0-¡¢0H- | D£® | Mg2+Al3+¡¢Cl-¡¢S042- |
A£® | µí·Û¡¢ÏËάËغÍÓÍÖ¬¶¼ÊôÓÚÌìÈ»¸ß·Ö×Ó»¯ºÏÎï | |
B£® | ÒÒ´¼ºÍÒÒËᶼÊdz£Óõ÷ζƷµÄÖ÷Òª³É·Ö£¬ËüÃÇÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þ϶¼¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦ | |
C£® | ·Ö×ÓʽΪC4H9ClµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ìå¹²ÓÐ4ÖÖ£¨²»¿¼ÂÇÁ¢ÌåÒì¹¹£© | |
D£® | ³ýÈ¥ÒÒ´¼ÖÐÉÙÁ¿µÄÒÒË᣺¼Ó×ãÁ¿Éúʯ»Ò£¬ÕôÁó |
A£® | BaO2¡¢NaCl¡¢LiH ÈýÖÖÎïÖÊÑôÀë×ÓÓëÒõÀë×Ó¸öÊý±È¾ùΪ£º1£º1 | |
B£® | CCl4¡¢NH3¡¢PCl3ÖÐËùÓÐÔ×Ó¶¼Âú×ã×îÍâ²ãΪ8µç×ӽṹ | |
C£® | ¼×Íé¿ÉÓëäåË®·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬ÒÒÏ©¿ÉÓëäåË®·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦ | |
D£® | ȼÁϵç³ØÊÇͨ¹ýȼÉÕËùÊͷŵÄÈÈÄÜÔÙת»¯ÎªµçÄܵÄ×°Öà |