ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿¸ù¾ÝµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý(ÓÃKa±íʾ)µÄ´óС¿ÉÒÔÅжϵç½âÖʵÄÏà¶ÔÇ¿Èõ¡£25¡æʱ£¬ÓйØÎïÖʵĵçÀëƽºâ³£ÊýÈçϱíËùʾ£º
»¯Ñ§Ê½ | HF | H2CO3 | HClO | H2SO3 |
µçÀëƽºâ³£Êý(Ka) | Ka=7.2¡Á10-4 | Ka1=4.2¡Á10-7 Ka2=5.6¡Á10-11 | Ka=3.0¡Á10-8 | Ka1=1.0¡Á10-2 Ka2=5.0¡Á10-8 |
£¨1£©25¡æʱ£¬Í¬Å¨¶ÈµÄHF¡¢H2CO3¡¢HClOÈýÖÖÈÜÒºÖУ¬pH×î´óµÄÊÇ____________(д»¯Ñ§Ê½)¡£
£¨2£©½«0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄHFÈÜÒº1mL¼ÓˮϡÊÍÖÁ10mL(¼ÙÉèζȲ»±ä)£¬ÏÂÁи÷Á¿Ôö´óµÄÊÇ___________(Ìîд×Öĸ)¡£
A£®c(H+) B£®c(H+)¡¤c(OH-) C£®c(H+)/c(HF) D£®c(OH-)/c(H+)
£¨3£©25¡æʱ£¬ÏÖÓÐÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol¡¤L-1µÄÏÂÁÐËÄÖÖÈÜÒº£º
¢ÙNa2CO3ÈÜÒº ¢ÚNaHCO3ÈÜÒº ¢ÛNaFÈÜÒº ¢ÜNaClOÈÜÒº¡£
ÒÀ¾ÝÊý¾ÝÅжÏÆäpHÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ_________________________(ÌîдÐòºÅ)¡£
£¨4£©¸ù¾ÝH2SO3µÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý,¼ÆËã25¡æʱ,0.05mol¡¤L-1Na2SO3ÈÜÒºµÄpH=__________¡£
ÈôijNa2SO3ºÍNaHSO3µÄ»ìºÏÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐc(SO32-)__________c(HSO3-)(Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡¢¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡°»ò¡°µÈÓÚ")¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ HClO C D £¾¢Ü£¾¢Ú£¾¢Û 10 СÓÚ
¡¾½âÎö¡¿£¨1£©²é¿´ÈýÖÖËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£¬¶þÔªÈõËá¿´µÚÒ»²½µçÀ룻ƽºâ³£ÊýÔ½´ó£¬ËáÐÔԽǿ£¬pHԽС£¬ÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏîHClO£»
£¨2£©HFΪÈõËᣬ´æÔÚµçÀëƽºâ£¬¼ÓˮϡÊÍ£¬Æ½ºâÓÒÒÆ£¬c(H+)¡¢c(HF)¡¢c(F-)¾ù¼õÉÙ£¬Î¶Ȳ»±ä£¬c(H+)¡¤c(OH-)Ϊ³£Êý£¬ËùÒÔc(OH-)Ôö´ó£»A£®c(H+) ¼õÉÙ£»B£®c(H+)¡¤c(OH-)²»±ä£»C£®c(H+)/c(HF)Ôö´ó£»D£®c(OH-)/c(H+)Ôö´ó£»ÕýÈ·Ñ¡ÏCD£»
£¨3£©¸ù¾ÝÐγɸÃÄÆÑεÄÈõËáµÄËáÐÔÇ¿Èõ½øÐÐÅжϣ¬ËáÔ½Èõ£¬ÐγɵÄÄÆÑÎÔ½Ò×Ë®½â£¬ÈÜÒºµÄ¼îÐÔ¾ÍԽǿ£»¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊöÈýÖÖËáµÄµçÀëƽºâ³£Êý£ºK(HF)> K(H2CO3) > K(HClO) > K(HCO-3)
ËÄÖÖÑεÄpHÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÊÇ£ºNa2CO3ÈÜÒº> NaClOÈÜÒº> NaHCO3ÈÜÒº> NaFÈÜÒº£»ÕýÈ·´ð°¸Îª£º ¢Ù£¾¢Ü£¾¢Ú£¾¢Û£»
£¨4£©Ë®½â·´Ó¦ÎªSO32-+H20HSO3-+OH-£¬ÉèË®½â²úÉúµÄc(OH-)=c(HSO3-)= xmol/L £»Ë®½âƽºâ³£ÊýΪKh=c(OH-)¡Ác(HSO3-)/c(SO32-)=KW/Ka2=1¡Á10-14/5.0¡Á10-8=2¡Á10-7; X2/(0.05-x)= 2¡Á10-7£¬½üËƼÆË㣺X=10-4mol/L£»c(H+)=10-10£¬ pH=10£»´ð°¸Îª10£»
£¨5£©HSO3-Àë×Ó¼ÈÄÜË®½âÓÖÄܵçÀ룬NaHSO3ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔͬʱ˵Ã÷HSO3-µÄµçÀë³Ì¶È´óÓÚË®½â³Ì¶È£¬Na2SO3Ë®½âÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬ÇÒË®½âÄÜÁ¦½ÏÇ¿£¬Ö»ÓÐHSO3-Àë×ÓŨ¶È´óÓÚSO32-Àë×ÓŨ¶È£¬²Å»áʹ¶þÕߵĻìºÏÈÜÒº³ÊÏÖÖÐÐÔ£¬´ð°¸Îª£ºÐ¡ÓÚ£»
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Ì½¾¿Na2S2O3+H2SO4=Na2SO4+SO2¡ü+S¡ý+H2O ·´Ó¦µÄËÙÂÊÓ°ÏìÒòËØ£¬Éè¼ÆÁËÒÔÏÂʵÑ飬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
׶ÐÎÆ¿ | 0.1molLNa2S2O3 ÈÜÒº/mL | ÕôÁóË® | 0.2mol/L H2SO4 ÈÜÒº | ·´Ó¦ÎÂ¶È | »ë×dzöÏÖʱ¼ä/s | ±¸×¢ |
1 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20¡æ | 10 | |
2 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 20¡æ | 16 | |
3 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 50¡æ | 5 | µÚ10 Ã뿪ʼ»ë×Dz»ÔÙÔö¶à |
4 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 50¡æ | 8 |
A. ¸Ã·´Ó¦Ò²¿Éͨ¹ý²âSO2µÄÌå»ý±ä»¯À´±íʾ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂʵĿìÂý
B. 3ºÅÆ¿ÓÃNa2S2O3 À´±íʾËÙÂÊΪ0£®0lmol/(Ls)
C. ÓÉ2ºÅÆ¿ºÍ3ºÅƿʵÑé½á¹û¿ÉµÃζÈÔ½¸ß·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì
D. ÓÉ1ºÅÆ¿ºÍ4ºÅƿʵÑé½á¹û¿ÉµÃζÈÔ½¸ß·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÔ½¿ì