ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ijÑо¿Ð¡×éÒÔCaCl2ºÍH2ΪÔÁÏ£¬ÊÔͼÖƱ¸ +1¼ÛCaµÄ»¯ºÏÎ½á¹û·¢ÏÖ²úÎïÖÐÖ»ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ»¯ºÏÎ¼×ºÍÒÒ£©¡£ÔªËØ×é³É·ÖÎö±íÃ÷»¯ºÏÎï¼×Öиơ¢ÂÈÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ52.36%¡¢46.33%£»»¯ºÏÎïÒÒµÄË®ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ¡£Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©¸ÃÑо¿Ð¡×éÊÇ·ñ³É¹¦ÖƵà +1¼ÛCaµÄ»¯ºÏÎ £¨Ìî¡°ÊÇ¡±»ò¡°·ñ¡±£©¡£¼×µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÊÇ ¡£
£¨2£©¼×ÓëË®·´Ó¦¿ÉµÃH2£¬Æ仯ѧ·½³ÌʽÊÇ ¡£·´Ó¦ËùµÃÈÜÒº¾½á¾§ºó£¬¿ÉµÃµ½Ò»ÖÖ¾§Ì壬Æ仯ѧʽΪCaCl2¡¤ xCa(OH)2¡¤ 12H2O¡£ÎªÈ·¶¨xµÄÖµ£¬ÇëÉè¼ÆʵÑé·½°¸ ¡£
£¨3£©ÔÚ¼ÓÈÈÌõ¼þÏ£¬ÒÒµÄË®ÈÜÒº£¨Å¨£©ÓëMnO2·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÊÇ £»ÒÒµÄË®ÈÜÒºÓëFe·´Ó¦ËùµÃµÄÈÜÒº²»Îȶ¨£¬±£´æ¸ÃÈÜÒºµÄ´ëÊ©ÊÇ ¡£
£¨4£©Çëд³öÒ»¸öÄãÈÏΪ¿ÉÄܵõ½CaClµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¨ÒÔCaCl2ΪÔÁÏ£© ¡£
£¨1£©·ñ £¨1·Ö£©CaHCl £¨2·Ö£©
£¨2£©2CaHCl + 2H2O = CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2H2¡ü£¨2·Ö£©
È¡Ñù£¬¼ÓÏ¡HNO3Èܽâºó·Ö³É¶þµÈ·Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈëNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½CaCO3³Áµí£¬³ÆÖغóÇóµÃn(Ca2+)£»ÁíÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½AgCl³Áµí£¬³ÆÖغóÇóµÃn(Cl-)£¬ ÓÃÏÂʽ¼´¿ÉÇóµÃxÖµ£º £¨3·Ö£¬ÆäËüºÏÀí´ð°¸Ò²¸ø·Ö£©
£¨3£©2Cl- + MnO2 + 4H+£½ Mn2+ + Cl2¡ü+ 2H2O £¨2·Ö£©
±£³ÖFeCl2ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬²¢¼ÓÈëÌú·Û·ÀÖ¹Ñõ»¯ £¨2·Ö£©
£¨4£©Ca + CaCl2 = 2CaCl
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©»¯ºÏÎï¼×Öиơ¢ÂÈÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý·Ö±ðΪ52.36%¡¢46.33%£¬¼ÓÆðÀ´±È100%С£¬±íÃ÷¸ÃÎïÖÊÖл¹º¬ÓÐÇâÔªËØ£¬ÆäÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º100%£52.36%£46.33%£½1.31%¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿ÉÒÔÀ´È·¶¨¼×ÕâÖÖÎïÖʵĻ¯Ñ§Ê½£º
N(Ca)©UN(Cl)©UN(H)£½
¿ÉÒԵóö»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª£ºCaHCl£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öûÓеõ½ËùνµÄÕýÒ»¼ÛµÄ¸Æ¡£
£¨2£©¼×ÓëË®·´Ó¦¿ÉµÃH2£¬ËµÃ÷ÊÇ·¢ÉúÁËÇâÔªËصÄ×ÔÉíÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£º
2CaHCl + 2H2O = CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2H2¡ü
È¡Ñù£¬¼ÓÏ¡HNO3Èܽâºó·Ö³É¶þµÈ·Ý£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈëNa2CO3ÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½CaCO3³Áµí£¬³ÆÖغóÇóµÃn(Ca2+)£»ÁíÒ»·Ý¼ÓÈëAgNO3ÈÜÒº£¬µÃµ½AgCl³Áµí£¬³ÆÖغóÇóµÃn(Cl-)£¬ ÓÃÏÂʽ¼´¿ÉÇóµÃxÖµ£º
£¨3£©´ÓµÚÒ»²½ÖпÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬CaCl2£«H2£½CaHCl£«HCl
2Cl- + MnO2 + 4H+£½Mn2+ + Cl2¡ü+ 2H2O
ÒÒµÄË®ÈÜÒºÓëFe·´Ó¦ËùµÃµÄÊÇFeCl2ÈÜÒº£¬²»Îȶ¨£¬Ò»ÊÇÈÝÒ×±»¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøÑõ»¯£¬¶þÊǶþ¼ÛÌúÀë×ӻᷢÉúË®½â£¬±£´æ¸ÃÈÜÒºµÄ´ëÊ©ÊDZ£³ÖFeCl2ÈÜÒº³ÊËáÐÔ£¬²¢¼ÓÈëÌú·Û·ÀÖ¹Ñõ»¯
£¨4£©¿ÉÒÔÓÃÇ¿µÄ»¹Ô¼ÁÀ´»¹Ô£ºÈçCa + CaCl2 = 2CaCl
¿¼µã£ºÎïÖÊÐÔÖʵIJⶨ¡£
COÊdz£¼ûµÄ»¯Ñ§ÎïÖÊ£¬ÓйØÆäÐÔÖʺÍÓ¦ÓõÄÑо¿ÈçÏ¡£
£¨1£©ÓÐͬѧÈÏΪCO¿ÉÒÔ±»ËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒºÑõ»¯ÎªCO2£¬ÇëÄãÉè¼ÆʵÑéÑéÖ¤¸ÃͬѧµÄ²ÂÏëÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·¡£ÇëÔÚÏÂÁÐÁ÷³Ìͼ·½¿òÄÚÌîÉÏËùÐèÒ©Æ·µÄÃû³Æ»ò»¯Ñ§Ê½£¬´Ó¶ø²¹ÆëÄãµÄÉè¼Æ£¬·½¿ò²»¹»¿ÉÒÔ²¹£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ²»ÌîÂú¡£
£¨2£©COºÍÌú·ÛÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ¿ÉÒԺϳÉÎåôÊ»ùºÏÌú[Fe(CO)5]£¬¸ÃÎïÖÊ¿ÉÓÃ×÷ÎÞǦÆûÓ͵ķÀ±¬¼Á£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖdz»ÆÉ«ÒºÌ壬È۵㡪20.5¡æ£¬·Ðµã103¡æ£¬Ò×ÈÜÓÚ±½µÈÓлúÈܼÁ£¬²»ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ÃܶÈ1.46¡«1.52g/cm3£¬Óж¾£¬¹âÕÕʱÉú³ÉFe2(CO)9£¬60¡æ·¢Éú×Ôȼ¡£ÎåôÊ»ùºÏÌúµÄÖƱ¸ÔÀíÈçÏ£º
Fe(s)+5CO(g)Fe(CO)5(g)
¢ÙÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ ¡£
A£®ÀûÓÃÉÏÊö·´Ó¦ÔÀí¿ÉÖƱ¸¸ß´¿Ìú |
B£®ÖƱ¸Fe(CO)5Ó¦ÔÚ¸ô¾ø¿ÕÆøµÄÌõ¼þϽøÐÐ |
C£®·´Ó¦Fe(s)+5CO(g)Fe(CO)5(g)µÄƽºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪ |
D£®Fe(CO)5Ó¦ÃÜ·â¡¢ÒõÁ¹¡¢±Ü¹â²¢¼ÓÉÙÁ¿ÕôÁóˮҺ·âÖü´æ |
¢Û½ñ½«Ò»¶¨Á¿µÄFe(CO)5µÄ±½ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÃ×ÏÍâÏßÕÕÉäƬ¿Ì¡£È¡ÕÕÉäºóµÄÈÜÒºÍêȫȼÉÕ£¬µÃµ½30.58gCO2¡¢
5.4gH2O¼°1.6gºì×ØÉ«·ÛÄ©¡£ºì×ØÉ«·ÛÄ©µÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª £¬ÕÕÉäºóµÄÈÜÒºÖÐFe(CO)5ºÍFe2 (CO)9µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈΪ .
ij¿ÎÌâ×é½øÐÐʵÑéÑо¿Ê±£¬ÓûÅäÖÆŨ¶È¾ùΪ1.0mol?L-1 µÄBa(OH)2ºÍH2SO4ÈÜÒº¡£
¢ñ.¸Ã×éͬѧÔÚÅäÖÆBa(OH)2ÈÜҺʱ£¬Ö»ÕÒµ½ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖб©Â¶ÒѾõÄBa(OH)2¡¤8H2OÊÔ¼Á£¨Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿£º315£©£¬·¢ÏÖËùÈ¡ÊÔ¼ÁÔÚË®Öнö²¿·ÖÈܽ⣬ÉÕ±ÖдæÔÚ´óÁ¿Î´ÈÜÎï¡£
£¨1£©Óû¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ½âÊÍδÈÜÎï²úÉúµÄÔÒò
£¨2£©Ä³Í¬Ñ§²éµÃBa(OH)2¡¤8H2OÔÚ283K¡¢293KºÍ303KʱµÄÈܽâ¶È£¨g/100g H2O£©·Ö±ðΪ2.5¡¢3.9ºÍ5.6¡£¾Ý´ËÈÏΪ¼´±ãʹÓô¿¾»µÄBa(OH)2¡¤8H2O£¬ÔÚÊÒÎÂÏÂÒ²²»ÄÜÅäµÃ1.0 mol?L-1Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒº£¬ÆäÀíÓÉÊÇ£º
¢ò.ÓÃ18 mol?L-1µÄŨÁòËáÅäÖÆ450 mL 1.0 mol?L-1Ï¡ÁòËá¡£
(3)ʵÑéʱ£¬ÐèÁ¿È¡Å¨ÁòËáµÄÌå»ýΪ mL£¬ÐèÓõÄÖ÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷ÓÐÁ¿Í²¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢²£Á§°ô¡¢ ¡¢
(4)ÅäÖÆÈÜҺʱ£¬¶¨ÈݵIJÙ×÷·½·¨ÊÇ£º
(5)ʵÑéÖÐÏÂÁÐÇé¿ö»áʹËùÅäÈÜҺŨ¶ÈÆ«¸ßµÄÊÇ
A£®Ï´µÓÁ¿È¡Å¨ÁòËáµÄÁ¿Í²2¡«3´Î£¬²¢½«Ï´µÓҺתÈëÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖÐ |
B£®¶¨ÈÝʱÑöÊӿ̶ÈÏß |
C£®Õñµ´Ò¡ÔȺóÔÙÖØмÓË®ÖÁ¿Ì¶ÈÏß |
D£®ÓÃˮϴµÓÈÝÁ¿Æ¿Î´¸ÉÔï |
±ê×¼×´¿öÏ£¬1Ìå»ýË®ÖÐÄÜÈܽâ500Ìå»ýµÄHClÆøÌå¡£ÈôÏò1 LË®ÖÐͨÈë±ê×¼×´¿öϵÄ448LHClÆøÌ壬¼ÙÉèÆøÌåÍêÈ«Èܽ⡣
£¨1£©ÈôËùµÃÈÜÒºÃܶÈΪ1.2 g/cm3£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖк¬HClÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ £»
£¨2£©´Ó¸ÃÈÜÒºÖÐÈ¡³ö10mLŨÑÎËáÈܽâÓÚË®ÅäÖƳÉ500mLÈÜÒº£¬ÅäÖƺóµÄÏ¡ÈÜÒºÖк¬HClÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ ¡£
£¨3£©ÔÚÓÃŨÑÎËáÅäÖÆÉÏÊöÏ¡ÑÎËáʱ£¬ËùÓÃÒÇÆ÷ÖУ¬Ê¹ÓÃÇ°±ØÐë¼ì²éÊÇ·ñ©ҺµÄÒÇÆ÷ÓÐ £»ÅäÖƹý³ÌÖУ¬Ôì³ÉŨ¶ÈÆ«µÍµÄ²Ù×÷¿ÉÄÜÓÐ_______________£¨Ñ¡ÌîÏÂÁвÙ×÷µÄÐòºÅ£©¡£
A£®ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÕôÁóˮϴºóδ¼Ó¸ÉÔï |
B£®Á¿Í²ÓÃÕôÁóˮϴºóδ¸ÉÔï |
C£®½«ÉÕ±ÖÐŨÑÎËáÒÆÈëÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ºó£¬Î´ÓÃˮϴµÓÉÕ±£¬¼´ÏòÈÝÁ¿ÖмÓË®µ½¿Ì¶È |
D£®ÓýºÍ·µÎ¹ÜÏòÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖмÓˮʱ£¬²»É÷³¬¹ý¿Ì¶ÈÏߣ¬ÓÃÁíÍ⽺ͷµÎ¹Ü´ÓÆ¿ÖÐÎü³ö²¿·ÖÈÜҺʹʣÓàÈÜÒº¸ÕÇÉ´ï¿Ì¶ÈÏß |