ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
17£®»¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïÊÇѧϰ»¯Ñ§µÄ¹¤¾ßºÍ»ù´¡£®ÏÂÁÐÓйػ¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïµÄʹÓÃÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©A£® | ʳ´×³ÊËáÐÔµÄÔÒòÊÇ£ºCH3COOH+H2O=CH3COO-+H3O+ | |
B£® | ´¿¼îÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔµÄÔÒòÊÇ£ºCO32-+2H2O?H2CO3+2OH- | |
C£® | ÓÃÌú×÷Ñô¼«£¬µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£ºFe+2H2O $\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$ Fe£¨OH£©2+H2¡ü | |
D£® | ±íʾÇâÆøȼÉÕÈȵÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2H2O£¨l£©£»¡÷H=-571.6KJ•mol-1 |
·ÖÎö A£®´×ËáÊÇÈõµç½âÖʲ¿·ÖµçÀ룬µçÀë·½³ÌʽÓÿÉÄæºÅ£»
B£®Ì¼Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓΪ¶àÔªÈõËá¸ùÀë×Ó£¬·Ö²½Ë®½â£»
C£®Ìú×öÑô¼«£¬Ìúʧȥµç×Ó·¢ÉúÑõ»¯·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÑÇÌúºÍÇâÆø£»
D£®È¼ÉÕÈȹ涨ÁË¿ÉȼÎïµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª1mol£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÖпÉȼÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýΪ1£®
½â´ð ½â£ºA£®´×ËáµçÀë·½³Ìʽ£ºCH3COOH+H2O?CH3COO-+H3O+£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®Ì¼Ëá¸ù·Ö²½Ë®½â£¬ÒÔµÚÒ»²½ÎªÖ÷£¬Àë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£ºCO32-+H2O?HCO3-+OH-£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®ÓÃÌú×÷Ñô¼«£¬µç½â±¥ºÍʳÑÎË®µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£ºFe+2H2O $\frac{\underline{\;µç½â\;}}{\;}$ Fe£¨OH£©2+H2¡ü£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
D£®È¼ÉÕÈȹ涨ÁË¿ÉȼÎïµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª1mol£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÖпÉȼÎïµÄ»¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýΪ1£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹ÊÑ¡£ºC£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£¬Ã÷È··´Ó¦ÊµÖÊÊǽâÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢Òâµç½âÖÊÇ¿Èõ¡¢ÑÎÀàË®½â¹æÂÉΪÒ×´íµã£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
8£®Ëá¼îÖк͵ζ¨ÊÇ×î»ù±¾µÄ¶¨Á¿·ÖÎö»¯Ñ§ÊµÑ飬³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ïò50mL0.5mol•L-1HAÈÜÒºÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈëÇ¿¼îMOHÈÜÒº£¬Í¼ÖÐËùʾÇúÏß±íʾ»ìºÏÈÜÒºµÄpH±ä»¯Çé¿ö£¨Ìõ¼þ±ä»¯ºöÂÔ²»¼Æ£©£®ÏÂÁÐÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ÓÉͼÖÐÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÖªHAΪǿËᣬNµã±íʾËá¼îÇ¡ºÃÖÐºÍ | |
B£® | ³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ò»¶¨Å¨¶ÈµÄMAÏ¡ÈÜÒºµÄpH£¼7 | |
C£® | KµãËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶ÈµÄ´óС¹Øϵ£ºc£¨M+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨A-£©£¾c£¨H+£© | |
D£® | Kµã¶ÔÓ¦µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH£¾13£®c£¨HA£©+c£¨A-£©=0.25mol•L-1 |
5£®ÏÂÁÐÓ¦ÓÃÖУ¬Ö÷ÒªÀûÓÃÎïÖÊÑõ»¯ÐÔµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ÓÃÑ̵ÀÆøÖкͼîÐÔ·ÏË® | B£® | ÖظõËá¼ØÓÃÓھƼݼì–Ë | ||
C£® | Óñ½·ÓÖÆÔì·ÓÈ©Ê÷Ö¬ | D£® | ½ðÊô¼Ó¹¤Ç°ÓÃÁòËáËáÏ´ |
2£®Ä³Ñ§Ï°Ð¡×éµÄͬѧÔÚѧϰÁË»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊÓ뻯ѧƽºâ֪ʶºó£¬¶Ô·´Ó¦£ºaA£¨g£©+bB£¨g£©?cC£¨g£©+dD£¨g£©¡÷H£¬·´Ó¦ÌصãÓë¶ÔÓ¦µÄͼÏóÕ¹¿ªÁËÌÖÂÛ£¬ÆäÖв»ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A£® | ͼÖУ¬ÈôP1£¾P2£¬Ôò¸Ã·´Ó¦ÔڽϵÍζÈÏÂÓÐÀûÓÚ×Ô·¢½øÐÐ | |
B£® | ͼÖУ¬ÈôT2£¾T1£¬Ôò¡÷H£¼0ÇÒa+b=c+d | |
C£® | ͼÖУ¨v¡ä±íʾÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£¬v¡å±íʾÄæ·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£©£¬t1ʱ¿Ì¸Ä±äµÄÌõ¼þÒ»¶¨ÊÇʹÓÃÁË´ß»¯¼Á | |
D£® | ͼÖУ¬Èô¡÷H£¼0£¬Ôò×Ý×ø±ê²»¿ÉÄܱíʾµÄÊÇ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄת»¯ÂÊ |
6£®¼×´¼ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÖØÒªµÄ»¯¹¤ÔÁÏ£¬¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ»¯¹¤Éú²ú£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÓÃ×÷ȼÁÏ£®
£¨1£©ÒÑÖª2CH3OH£¨l£©+3O2£¨g£©=2CO2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1275.6kJ/mol
2CO£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2CO2£¨g£©¡÷H=-566.0kJ/mol
H2O£¨g£©=H2O£¨1£©¡÷H=-44.0kJ/mol
¼×´¼²»ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÆø̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2CH3OH£¨l£©+O2£¨g£©=2CO£¨g£©+4H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-533.6kJ•mol-1
Èô²»ÍêȫȼÉÕ20g¼×´¼Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬´Ëʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª333.5kJ
£¨2£©ÓÃCO2À´Éú²úȼÁϼ״¼µÄ·´Ó¦ÔÀí£ºCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©£¬Ä³Ð©»¯Ñ§¼üµÄ¼üÄÜÊý¾ÝÈçÏÂ±í£º
¼ÆËãÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄìʱä¡÷H=£¨2d+6b-3a-c-3e£©kJ/mol£¨ÓÃÏàÓ¦×Öĸ±íʾ£©£¬ÈôÖ»¼Óѹ£¬Ôòƽºâ³£ÊýK²»±ä£¨Ñ¡Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±£¬¡°¼õС¡±»ò¡°²»±ä¡±£©£»
£¨3£©¸ß¯Á¶Ìú²úÉúµÄ·ÏÆøÖеÄCO¿É½øÐлØÊÕ£¬Ê¹ÆäÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þϺÍH2·´Ó¦ÖƱ¸¼×´¼£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©
ÈôÔÚζȺÍÈÝ»ýÏàͬµÄÈý¸öÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬°´²»Í¬·½Ê½Í¶Èë·´Ó¦Î²âµÃ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱµÄÓйØÊý¾ÝÈç±í£º
ÏÂÁйØϵÕýÈ·µÄÊÇAD
A£®c1=c2 B.2Q1=Q3 C.2a1=a3 D£®a1+a2=1
E£®¸Ã·´Ó¦ÈôÉú³É1molCH2OH£¬Ôò·Å³ö£¨Q1+Q3£©kJÈÈÁ¿
£¨4£©ÈôÔÚÒ»Ìå»ý¿É±äµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë1molCO¡¢2molH2ºÍ1molCH2OH£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ²âµÃ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶÈÊÇͬÎÂͬѹÏÂÆðʼÃܶȵÄ1.6±¶£¬Ôò´ïƽºâÇ°v£¨Õý£©£¾v£¨Ä棩£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£»
£¨5£©¼×´¼Ò»¿ÕÆø¼îÐÔ£¨KOH£©È¼Áϵç³Ø×÷µçÔ´µç½â¾«Á¶´ÖÍ£¨Èçͼ£©£¬ÔÚ½Óͨµç·һ¶Îʱ¼äºó´¿CuÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó3.2g£¨´ÖÍÖÐÔÓÖʲ»²ÎÓëµç¼«·´Ó¦£©£®
¢ÙÇëд³öȼÁϵç³ØÖеĸº¼«·´Ó¦Ê½£ºCH3OH-6e-+8OH-=CO32-+6H2O
¢ÚȼÁϵç³ØÕý¼«ÏûºÄ¿ÕÆøµÄÌå»ýÊÇ2.8L£¨±ê׼״̬£¬¿ÕÆøÖÐO2Ìå»ý·ÖÊýÒÔ20%¼ÆË㣩£®
£¨1£©ÒÑÖª2CH3OH£¨l£©+3O2£¨g£©=2CO2£¨g£©+4H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1275.6kJ/mol
2CO£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2CO2£¨g£©¡÷H=-566.0kJ/mol
H2O£¨g£©=H2O£¨1£©¡÷H=-44.0kJ/mol
¼×´¼²»ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³ÉÆø̬ˮµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2CH3OH£¨l£©+O2£¨g£©=2CO£¨g£©+4H2O£¨l£©¡÷H=-533.6kJ•mol-1
Èô²»ÍêȫȼÉÕ20g¼×´¼Éú³ÉҺ̬ˮ£¬´Ëʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿Îª333.5kJ
£¨2£©ÓÃCO2À´Éú²úȼÁϼ״¼µÄ·´Ó¦ÔÀí£ºCO2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©+H2O£¨g£©£¬Ä³Ð©»¯Ñ§¼üµÄ¼üÄÜÊý¾ÝÈçÏÂ±í£º
»¯Ñ§¼ü | C-H | H-H | C-O | C=O | H-O |
¼üÄÜ/kJ•mol-1 | a | b | c | d | e |
£¨3£©¸ß¯Á¶Ìú²úÉúµÄ·ÏÆøÖеÄCO¿É½øÐлØÊÕ£¬Ê¹ÆäÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þϺÍH2·´Ó¦ÖƱ¸¼×´¼£ºCO£¨g£©+2H2£¨g£©?CH3OH£¨g£©
ÈôÔÚζȺÍÈÝ»ýÏàͬµÄÈý¸öÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬°´²»Í¬·½Ê½Í¶Èë·´Ó¦Î²âµÃ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱµÄÓйØÊý¾ÝÈç±í£º
ÈÝÆ÷ | ·´Ó¦ÎïͶÈëµÄÁ¿ | ·´Ó¦ÎïµÄת»¯ÂÊ | CH2OHµÄŨ¶È | ÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯ £¨Q1¡¢Q2¡¢Q3¾ù´óÓÚ0£© |
¼× | 1molCOºÍ2molH2 | a1 | c1 | ·Å³öQ1kJÈÈÁ¿ |
ÒÒ | 1molCH3OH | a2 | c2 | ·Å³öQ2kJÈÈÁ¿ |
±û | 2molCOºÍ4molH2 | a3 | c3 | ·Å³öQ3kJÈÈÁ¿ |
A£®c1=c2 B.2Q1=Q3 C.2a1=a3 D£®a1+a2=1
E£®¸Ã·´Ó¦ÈôÉú³É1molCH2OH£¬Ôò·Å³ö£¨Q1+Q3£©kJÈÈÁ¿
£¨4£©ÈôÔÚÒ»Ìå»ý¿É±äµÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë1molCO¡¢2molH2ºÍ1molCH2OH£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ²âµÃ»ìºÏÆøÌåµÄÃܶÈÊÇͬÎÂͬѹÏÂÆðʼÃܶȵÄ1.6±¶£¬Ôò´ïƽºâÇ°v£¨Õý£©£¾v£¨Ä棩£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°£¼¡±»ò¡°=¡±£©£»
£¨5£©¼×´¼Ò»¿ÕÆø¼îÐÔ£¨KOH£©È¼Áϵç³Ø×÷µçÔ´µç½â¾«Á¶´ÖÍ£¨Èçͼ£©£¬ÔÚ½Óͨµç·һ¶Îʱ¼äºó´¿CuÖÊÁ¿Ôö¼Ó3.2g£¨´ÖÍÖÐÔÓÖʲ»²ÎÓëµç¼«·´Ó¦£©£®
¢ÙÇëд³öȼÁϵç³ØÖеĸº¼«·´Ó¦Ê½£ºCH3OH-6e-+8OH-=CO32-+6H2O
¢ÚȼÁϵç³ØÕý¼«ÏûºÄ¿ÕÆøµÄÌå»ýÊÇ2.8L£¨±ê׼״̬£¬¿ÕÆøÖÐO2Ìå»ý·ÖÊýÒÔ20%¼ÆË㣩£®